# Land parcel 1976244, Ireland

Registered freehold land, Tailte Éireann. A parcel is the land of a title, not an address.

- Parcel number at Tailte Éireann (SP_ID): 1976244
- Area: 190 m², as Tailte Éireann measures it
- Buildings (Tailte Éireann): 3 buildings touch it, 258 m² on the ground
- Townland: none: the statutory boundaries draw no townland here, as in the centres of Dublin, Cork and Galway

## Zoning (national zoning of development plans, MyPlan)

- R3 Residential (Residential, mixed residential and other uses): Galway City Development Plan 2023-2029 (Variations 1,2,3), Galway City. The zoning objective in the plan: https://www.galwaycity.ie/gccfiles/?r=/download&path=L0RlcGFydG1lbnRzL1BsYW5uaW5nL0RldmVsb3BtZW50IFBsYW4vMjAyMy0yMDI5L0Fkb3B0ZWQgUGxhbi9HYWx3YXkgQ2l0eSBEZXZlbG9wbWVudCBQbGFuIFdyaXR0ZW4gU3RhdGVtZW50IDIwMjMgLSAyMDI5LnBkZg%3D%3D

## Planning applications on this parcel (National Planning Applications, Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage)

No planning application touches this parcel in the national file, which goes back to 2010.

## Designated sites (National Parks and Wildlife Service)

No designated site (Special Area of Conservation, Special Protection Area, Natural Heritage Area or proposed one) touches this parcel.

## Recorded monuments around it, by their zones of notification (Sites and Monuments Record, National Monuments Service)

This parcel is in the zone of notification of 64 recorded monuments.

- GA094-091: Religious house - Dominican friars, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-091----. In 1488 the Dominicans were granted licence to build a friary (GA094-091----) on the site of the Chapel of St Mary on the Hill (GA094-091002-). Exact foundation date unclear (pers. comm. P. Walsh) but construction of a choir and windows is mentioned in 1493 and work was still in progress in 1508. The scale or layout of the buildings is unknown. Described as 'lately dissolved' in 1570 but was subsequently re-established. Converted into an artillery battery (GA094-091003-) in 1642 and razed in 1652 to prevent Cromwellian occupation (Cooke 1895, 295). The present Dominican church, on or close to the site, dates from 1891. (Gwynn and Hadcock 1970, 225; Hardiman 1820, 270-1) The above description is derived from the published 'Archaeological Inventory of County Galway Vol. I - West Galway'. Compiled by Paul Gosling (Dublin: Stationery Office, 1993). Date of upload: 05 August 2010
- GA094-091001: Graveyard, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-091001-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-091002: Chapel, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-091002-. On W bank of the River Corrib opposite the town of Galway (GA094-100----) in the area known as the Claddagh. This was a Premonstratensian cell, in existence in 1235, and probably a dependant of the Abbey of the Holy Trinity, Tuam, which was founded in the first decade of the 13th C (Gwynn and Hadcock 1970, 206). Known as 'The Chapel of St Mary on the Hill' but reputed to have begun its life as a hospital (GA094-091004-). In 1451 it 'was merely a chapel' and by 1488 it 'had been empty and disused for a long time' (ibid., 204, 255). No visible trace survives. Site subsequently occupied by a Dominican friary (GA094-091----). The above description is derived from the published 'Archaeological Inventory of County Galway Vol. I - West Galway'. Compiled by Paul Gosling (Dublin: Stationery Office, 1993). Date of upload: 05 August 2010
- GA094-092: Settlement cluster, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-092----. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-099001: Graveyard, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-099001-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-099002: Bastioned fort, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-099002-. On summit at SW end of a steep-sided ridge overlooking Galway town to WNW and the approaches to its harbour and Loch an tSáile to S. Built in 1601-3 on the site of Augustinian friary (GA094-099003-), the church of which was incorporated into its plan. No visible surface trace survives of St Augustine's Fort, as it was known, but early 17th-C plans and various accounts of it exist (Hardiman 1846, 96-8, 108-22). These indicate that it was a massive earth and stone-faced construction (H c. 6m), square in plan (L/Wth c. 60m), with salient angle-bastions at each corner. It was encircled by a fosse, the entrance with gatehouse and drawbridge being situated midway along E side. Completely demolished in 1643: its former existence is preserved in the name of an adjacent graveyard (see GA094-099001-). (Walsh 1981, 64-76, 79-85; Kerrigan 1980, 137) The above description is derived from the published 'Archaeological Inventory of County Galway Vol. I - West Galway'. Compiled by Paul Gosling (Dublin: Stationery Office, 1993). Date of upload: 05 August 2010
- GA094-099003: Religious house - Augustinian friars, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-099003-. On a ridge to ESE of Galway town (GA094-100----) on or close to Forthill Graveyard. Augustinian friary founded 1508-9 by Margaret Athy. Known as 'the monastery of Cnoc'. Neither the scale or layout of the buildings is clear but representations appear on several 16-17th-C maps of the town. Described as 'late dissolved' in 1578. In 1601-3 a bastioned fort (GA094-099002-) was erected on the site. (Hardiman 1820, 272-3; Gwynn and Hadcock 1970, 300; Walsh 1986) The above description is derived from the published 'Archaeological Inventory of County Galway Vol. I - West Galway'. Compiled by Paul Gosling (Dublin: Stationery Office, 1993). Date of upload: 05 August 2010
- GA094-100: Historic town, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100----. On E bank of the River Corrib at its outflow into Galway Bay. Its foundation dates from the 1230s when Richard de Burgh erected a castle on the site of the O'Flaherty stronghold of Bun Gaillimhe (Lynn 1986, 101). The construction of its defences dates from the 1270s and it was confirmed as a royal borough in 1396. The walled town covered an area of c. 60 hectares but an extra mural suburb also existed at the Claddagh, on W bank of the river (see GA094-091002-). Three friaries (GA094-091----, GA094-099003-, GA094-102----), a hospital, a (nunnery and an infirmary (GA094-105----, GA094-106----, GA094-113----) also stood outside the walls. The visible remains comprise substantial portions of the town walls, the collegiate church of St Nicholas, and the remains of c. 20 late medieval houses (Higgins 1984-6). In the 17th century a series of artillery fortifications (GA094-032----, GA094-057----, GA082-083----, GA094-099002-, GA094-112----, GA094-022----) were erected around the town. (Killanin and Duignan 1967, 284-8; Hardiman 1820; Casey 1988b) The above description is derived from the published 'Archaeological Inventory of County Galway Vol. I - West Galway'. Compiled by Paul Gosling (Dublin: Stationery Office, 1993). Date of upload: 05 August 2010
- GA094-100001: Town defences, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100001-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-100031: Bridge, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100031-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-100032: Bridge, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100032-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-100034: Bridge, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100034-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-100035: Bridge, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100035-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-100037: Church, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100037-. St. Nicholas’ church, the second largest medieval parish church in Ireland (the largest being St. Mary’s, Youghal; CO067-029003-), is essentially a cruciform structure with a long nave, slightly narrower than the chancel, and flanked by exceptionally wide aisles. This gives it a unique triple-gabled fascade at the western end. As with many buildings that have been in existence and continuous use for almost seven-hundred years it has undergone numerous modifications and alterations. Most of the fabric of the building dates from the fourteenth to the sixteenth centuries. Subsequent work has been restricted for the most part to internal re-organisation and restoration carried out in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. And it has an extra special claim to fame. It seems likely that Christopher Columbus may have heard mass here sometime around 1477 when he stopped off at Galway during one of his voyages. The actual foundation date of St. Nicholas’ church must remain conjectural for although it is generally considered to have been built in 1320 this appears to date only the first major building operation on the site. History tells us that there was a church here in the opening years of the fourteenth century and we can be sure that its foundation goes back well before this time for the early settlers who lived in the shadow of the de Burgo castle would have had need for a chapel. It began as a dependency of the Cistercian monastery of Knockmoy, some 27km to the north-east of the town and was served by priests appointed by the abbot. There were many complaints about the abbey’s provision and, at the citizens request, Rome established St. Nicholas’ as a separate vicarage in the 1380s. The abbey still retained the right of presentation but Rome could now intervene with regard to its appointments. This did not completely resolve the matter, however, and there were many disputes between the various applicants and appointees in the century following its establishment. The quarrel was resolved finally in 1484 when Archbishop Donatus O’Muireadaigh (O’Murray) of Tuam (who in 1446 was at the centre of a dispute about his own appointment as vicar at St. Nicholas’ church) regularised the whole affair. He raised it to the status of a college or community to be governed by a warden and eight vicars and this was confirmed by Papal bull in the following year. To avoid any future squabbles he took the rather unusual step of giving the responsibility for the appointment of the priests to the mayor, bailiffs and freemen of the town. This new-found freedom resulted in a succession of building works including a new college house (where the present Saturday market is held in front of the railings) and various other additions to the church in the late fifteenth and especially the sixteenth centuries. It is not clear when precisely the Reformation was adopted in Galway but it certainly had some adherents by the middle of the sixteenth century – at least de jure whatever about de facto. In 1551 the college obtained a charter from Edward VI establishing it as the ‘Royal College of Galway’ and granting it the authority to use a seal. Though the seal itself is lost the surviving impression shows a representation of St. Nicholas as bishop with three maidens kneeling for his blessing. Legend has it that he rescued these from ruin by throwing three bags of money (shown on the seal to the right of the saint) in through their window. During the Confederation of Kilkenny the Catholics recovered the church (1643-52) and they took possession of it again for a brief period during the Williamite Wars (1689-91). Thereafter it has been in the hands of Protestant clergy and is now a Church of Ireland (Anglican) parish church. The office of Warden was abolished under the Municipal Corporation Act of 1840 which decreed that the Royal College of Galway should be dissolved allowing the last warden, Rev. James Daly, to remain in office until his death in 1865. The pulpit at the entrance to the chancel was erected in his honour. The building is of great interest and beauty and preserves some very fine carved stonework and memorials. Fragments of an earlier church can be seen in the exterior of the south wall of the chancel. The major building operation which took place about 1320 resulted in a simple but substantial cruciform parish church with aisles attached to the nave. The tower was added probably towards the end of the fifteenth century. The south aisle followed shortly after in the early years of the sixteenth century and was begun by a very wealthy merchant, Dominick Duff Lynch. Following his death in 1508 it was completed by his son Stephen whose coat of arms, impaled with those of his wife (Margaret Athy), may be seen along with a merchants’ or guild’s mark on either side of the corbel at the junction of the aisle and adjoining transept. The eastern section of the north aisle was widened in 1538 and the remainder completed in 1583: the date is carved in the spandrels on the outside of the west window. The south transept was also lengthened: this was done in 1561 by Dominick’s grandson, Nicholas Lynch. The south porch appears to be a complete refurbishment of a fifteenth century original. The present spire dates from 1683 and the tower parapets were restored in 1883. The most salient features of the exterior are the now-functionless water-spouts, especially the gargoyles, some of them with fantastic creatures and heads. The church possesses a rich array of window forms that date from the fourteenth to the late sixteenth century, many carved with intricate human, animal and floral detailing including two mermaids (one on the gable window in the south transept and the other on that on the north aisle). The interior is particularly rich in tombs and other fittings. The baptismal font in the south aisle is decorated with window forms that echo those in the north aisle. Of particular interest are the numerous grave-slabs and other funerary memorials. Most are not in their original locations but were moved to their present positions in the course of the extensive refurbishments of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The earliest dates to the late thirteenth or early fourteenth century and will be found on the floor of the small chapel on the right-hand side of the chancel. It is a trapezoidal shaped stone carved with an ornate cross that sits on a knobbed stem with up-turned arms. Some commentators have miss-interpreted this as a sword and, in a further flight of fancy, identified the person as a crusader! But nothing could be further from the truth for this is the grave of one of the Anglo-Norman settlers. The inscription in Norman French reads in translation: Here lies Adam Bure. May God have mercy on his soul. Whoever will pray for his soul will have twenty days indulgence. The next oldest memorials date to the sixteenth century. Principal among these are the grave-slab dated 1566 at the junction of the south aisle and transept and the two fine slabs with interlaced ornament, dated 1577 and 1580, set in the east and west walls of the latter. This transept also contains three magnificent tombs. In the corner is a very fine chest-tomb with faint traces of red colouring still visible in some of the niches. These are carved with various coats of arms and a pair of merchants’ marks which are repeated on the top and bottom of a plaque set in the gable wall above. The plaque is blank though it undoubtedly had a painted picture or inscription commemorating the person or persons interred below. Some claim that this is the tomb of the James Lynch Fitz Stephen – the mayor who is reputed to have hung his son – but this is a complete nonsense. Beside this is a magnificent altar-tomb with a canopy of finely executed flowing tracery bristling with cusps reminiscent of that in the Dominican Priory at Strade, Co. Mayo. And like the Strade example it is enlivened with a representation of the crowned fi
- GA094-100038: Hospital, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100038-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-100039: Town hall, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100039-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-100040: Town hall, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100040-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-100041: Castle - hall-house, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100041-. The following summary has been derived from Delany (2004, 164-78) to which the reader is referred for a fuller account. Archaeological excavations undertaken at the Custom House during the period 1997-9 uncovered significant medieval structural remains including those of a high medieval hall (GA094-100041-), the eastern corner of a 13th-century castle (GA094-100069-), a limekiln (GA094-100070- ) and a smelting works (GA094-100071-) that operated in the late and post-medieval periods. A very large quantity of artefacts (11,553) and environmental material was also recovered. The excavations were confined to two separate areas of the site. The eastern area, bordering on Druid Lane, comprised the hall, smelting works and an adjoining laneway; the area to the west was in a 19th-century warehouse building where the remains of the castle and kiln were uncovered. The remains of the medieval hall comprised sections of the buttressed north-eastern and south-western walls with opposing doorways and the remnants of three centrally placed, octagonal stone columns. Evidence for the gable walls was not uncovered as these lay outside the area available for excavation and, in consequence, the full extent of the building is unknown. It was in excess of 14m long and c. 7.7m wide internally. The north-eastern and south-western walls (T 0.95m; H 0.75–1.50m) were constructed of roughly hewn, angular, migmatite boulders and red sandstone with a rubble core and were faced in roughly arranged, alternate random courses of blocky boulders and smaller, angular stones. They rested on a roughly constructed plinth that projected 0.20m from the base of the wall. The opposing doorways were both 1.90m wide internally, with the threshold 0.35m above the plinth. The jambs of the south-western door consisted of chamfered limestone blocks, and the basal stones had a rounded stop-chamfer. Both the jambs and the ingoing were bonded with a white gravel-and-lime mortar, similar to that used in the buttresses. The use of diagonal tooling on the jambs suggests a pre-14th-century date for this door, but it had clearly been altered at a later date. Only a single basal jamb of the north-eastern door survived. It was a dressed, chamfered limestone block with a stop-chamfer and diagonal tooling on all of its exposed faces. The ingoing was straight and formed of randomly coursed migmatite boulders and a roughly hewn limestone block. The mortar used in the doorway construction was similar to that used in the walls, suggesting that they were contemporaneous. A series of buttresses constructed of randomly coursed, roughly hewn migmatite boulders and limestone blocks had been built against the exterior walls of the hall. The buttresses measured 1.4m by 1.15m and rested on substantial boulder plinths. A white/grey gravel-and-lime mortar was common to all and there were also traces of lime render on each of them. The use of limestone and different mortar, and the fact that one of them slightly overlapped the eastern doorway, indicates that the buttresses belonged to a second phase of construction at the hall. The roof of the hall had been carried by a centrally aligned row of octagonal stone columns, three of which were uncovered during the excavation. The north-western one was the best preserved, with three surviving tiers. Only the base and foundation of the central column survived, and the one in the south-west was partly destroyed in the 19th/20th century. The punch-dressing on the columns suggests a 14th- or 15th-century date for them, and it is likely that they replaced earlier wooden supports, although no evidence of these was found during the excavation. Several areas of a crude and uneven stone floor were excavated in the interior of the hall. There were no surviving stratified layers in the hall. There was no indication as when the hall went out of use but the interior was reused as a smelting area in the 16th century (see GA094-10071-). This structure may perhaps be identified with the stone house mentioned in an inquisition taken in 1333. In 1556 it was noted as ‘the ruined house called Erles stone’ and again, in 1636, as the old house called ‘Clogh-In-Early’. It is not depicted on any map of the city other than the mid-17th century pictorial map where it is represented as a church-like structure having large, round-headed windows and what appears to be a cross on its intact south-eastern gable: it is named in the map index as the ‘The old buildings of the illustrious Lord, Richard de Burgo, the Red Earl.’ A county courthouse was built on this site in 1686 and appears to have been built directly on the foundations of the medieval hall (Prunty and Walsh 2016, 25, 43). The progression from medieval hall to county courthouse to custom house uniquely indicates continuity of public ownership of this site from the 13th century to the present day. Compiled by: Paul Walsh Date of upload: 2 February 2018
- GA094-100042: Castle - tower house, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100042-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-100043: Castle - tower house, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100043-. Situated at the junction of Shop Street and Abbeygate Street Upper – at almost the exact centre of the old medieval town – Lynch's Castle is the finest surviving example of an urban tower-house in the country. The building has been much modified and altered over the centuries. The oldest portion, at the street junction, consists of a classic tower-house type castle and dates to around 1500. At this time it possessed a smaller western wing which was subsequently raised – possibly in the later seventeenth century – to the height of the adjoining tower and new windows inserted in it. The straight joint between the two structures is clearly visible in the upper part of the Shop Street facade and the difference in the carving of the hood-moulds over the two windows further highlights this later work. Very little is known about the history of the castle and it is not recorded by or for whom it was erected. It was certainly the home of a very wealthy member of the Lynch family and was reputedly the residence of Thomas Lynch fitz Andrew, mayor of Galway in 1654, who was deposed by the notorious Cromwellian military governor, Colonel Peter Stubbers. There is a record of massive alterations been undertaken to the whole structure in the early years of the nineteenth century and the building was subsequently inhabited by woollen drapers named Lynch. In 1918, it was leased by the Munster and Leinster Bank (now incorporated in Allied Irish Banks) as a preliminary to later outright purchase and extensive renovations were undertaken around 1930 including the insertion of a new entrance door and windows at ground floor level. These were carved in 1933 by the Dublin sculptor, Laurence Campbell. Further repairs to the fabric were undertaken in 1964-6 and a major extension was added to the north at this time. The castle was certainly much higher than the surviving remains indicate and it appears originally to have had five storeys, one more than at present. At some stage, almost certainly as part of the alterations in the early nineteenth century, the floor levels were changed and the present orderly arrangement of late Georgian windows inserted. At this time also it seems likely that the older carvings and hood-moulds were moved to their present positions. Some indication of the original floor levels can be gained from the three surviving gun-loops on the corner of the building and from the few remaining examples of windows which are still in situ. Between the third and fourth storeys on the Shop Street facade are the blocked-up remains of a large, finely decorated window with cusped ogee heads to the lights: its lower section has been removed. The location of such a large window at this level is typical of tower-houses of the period for the principal living rooms were on the upper floors. The remains of two other blocked-up windows can be seen in the masonry of the storey below and it seems likely that the hood-moulds above the present third storey windows may have been taken from them. On the same level as the blocked-up windows is another single-light example on the Abbeygate Street facade. Among the carvings deserving particular attention are the merchants’ marks – in the form in the form of a reversed ‘4’ with a forked stem – that can be seen below the hood-mould terminals on either side of the present third storey windows. This particular mark undoubtedly belonged to the original owner but, as with much else about the history of this building, we do not know his identity. A most unusual feature of the castle is the occurrence of carved water-spouts (eighteen in all) which are now functionless though originally would have carried the rain-water from the roof clear of the building. Nine of these are true gargoyles being in the form of grotesque animal and human heads and these may be compared with the only other surviving examples from Galway on St. Nicholas’ church. There are three panels with coats-of-arms on the castle. The upper circular panel on the Shop Street facade consists of a garland of stylised vine-leaves surrounding a shield bearing the Lynch arms. The inscription directly below the shield does not, as one might expect, relate to any particular person but simply reads Scutum de Lynche – Lynch’s shield or coat-of-arms. We may infer a certain vanity on the part of those who commissioned this work for the shield is shown with supporters on either side (griffins). Authority for using supporters was usually only granted to nobles or others of high order and their inclusion here without official sanction was very much a public statement by the Lynchs of their own importance. Immediately below this panel is the carving of a lion-like creature with the facial characteristics of a human. There is an almost identical figure on the Abbeygate Street facade below another roundel bearing the arms of the Fitzgeralds. Directly under each is a stone with a Latin inscription in gothic letters. That on the Shop Street facade reads in translation ‘After darkness I hope for light’ (from the Old Testament Book of Job 17:12) while the other reads ‘He hath put down the mighty from their seat and hath exalted the lowly’ (from the Magnificat; Luke 1:52). The large rectangular panel at first floor level in the Shop Street facade bears the royal arms of Henry VII (1485-1509) accompanied by a contracted Latin inscription in gothic letters which may be translated: ‘Long live the King of England, France and Lord of Ireland.’ The likely explanation for the occurrence of the royal arms on the castle is that firstly, the building dates to the period of Henry VII’s reign and secondly, as Galway was granted in 1484 the honour of electing its own mayor and bailiffs with all the special privileges that this entailed, the plaque would be a fitting testament of its citizens’ loyalty to the new king. Immediately below this panel is a most unusual carving. It has been interpreted as representing an ape holding a child in its paws though close examination shows that the creature is much more lion-like in appearance. The carving is supposed to represent the story of how a pet monkey or ape rescued a child from a fire in the castle. But this is purely the stuff of myth and legend. A similar story is associated with the Fitzgerald family, Earls of Kildare, and there may be some truth to it in this instance for a chained ape is the device used as a crest in their coat-of-arms. Indeed, it can be seen as such in the roundel on the Abbeygate Street facade where the Fitzgerald arms are carved. The occurrence of these arms on this building is puzzling though, together with the two inscriptions noted above, they might be considered as an expression of gratitude by the townspeople to Garret, Earl of Kildare, who in 1504 had come to the assistance of the burgesses after William Burke and other chieftains had rebelled and invested the town. Garret, who was then lord deputy, defeated the rebels at Knockdoe, some 15km north-east of Galway. Even though built within a walled town the castle incorporated a number of defensive elements including the gun-loops on the corner and a small box-like projection on the Abbeygate Street facade. Though much rebuilt this latter feature houses another loop pointing away from the castle to the north and it probably served to protect a door immediately beside it. Above and to left of it are a curious pair of decorated corbels or brackets. Sitting on top of each one is a perforated block. These are later additions and have led to the corbels been interpreted either as a place where a bell was hung or where a beam supported some form of block-and-tackle arrangement for hoisting goods into the upper storeys of the castle. Indeed, it is very probable that the latter arrangement existed at one time for there are traces of an arched doorway between the corbels. However, it has been suggested that this doorway corresponds with the original principal entrance to the castle a
- GA094-100044: Castle - tower house, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100044-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-100047: Water mill - unclassified, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100047-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-100048: Water mill - unclassified, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100048-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-100049: Water mill - unclassified, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100049-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-100050: Water mill - unclassified, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100050-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-100051: Water mill - unclassified, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100051-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-100052: Dovecote, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100052-. This is the approximate location of a dovecote represented on the mid-17th century Pictorial Map of Galway and referred to in the index as 'Collumbarium antiquum in australi parte urbis', the old dovecote in the southern part of the city (Pictorial Map, Elenchus). This is only known reference to this structure and it is not represented on any other map. Compiled by: Paul Walsh Date of upload: 18 July 2014
- GA094-100053: Cross - Market cross, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100053-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-100054: Cross, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100054-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-100055: Ritual site - holy well, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100055-. With reference to the Red Earl’s Hall (GA094-100041-) Roderic O’Flaherty, writing in 1684, noted that ‘The ruines of the earle’s house called Clogh-an-hiarla, or the earl’s stone, are still extant in Galway nigh the key, where there is a well dedicated to St Brendan, patron of Enagh-duin diocess, wherein was Galway, whose feast, 16th May, usually kept holy by the key-street dwellers of old.’ (Hardiman 1846, 33). This may be identfied with that referred to in a property lease as the ‘Earl’s Well’ in 1686 (Prunty and Walsh 2016, 38). Although the precise location of this well is unknown it would appear to have been in the general area of the present Custom House. Compiled by: Paul Walsh Date of upload: 4 February 2018
- GA094-100058: Quay, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100058-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-100066: Architectural feature, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100066-. In the foyer of the Lynch’s Castle is a very fine fireplace typical of many which graced the great houses in Galway in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. This fireplace came from a building to the north of the castle and was moved to its present location during the renovations in the mid-1960s. The lintel is decorated with an incised joggled pattern in imitation of cut stone-work and the key-stone is carved with the monogram IHS (a contraction of the Greek form of the name ‘Jesus’) surmounted by a cross. Below this are the initials of the husband and wife: R.B. (probably Blake or Browne) and I.F. (probably French) and above the date 1629. Compiled by: Paul Walsh Date of upload: 21 July 2014
- GA094-100067: Architectural fragment, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100067-. Although this may look like the remains of a late medieval house façade this wall is entirely fake and was built in 1854 at a cost of £11. Fragments from five genuine old windows and two doorways, a key-stone from a fire-place lintel and other bits and pieces were brought together and assembled to look like the façade of a house. The reason behind this is recounted on the rectangular panel below the large window which bears the following inscription: ‘This ancient memorial of the stern and unbending justice of the chief magistrate of this city, James Lynch Fitzstephen, elected mayor A.D. 1493, who condemned and executed his own guilty son Walter on this spot, has been restored to this its ancient site A.D. 1854 with the approval of the Town Commissioners by their chairman, V. Revd. Peter Daly, P.P. & Vicar of St. Nicholas.’ The 'ancient memorial' to which it refers is the small gable-shaped stone inset in the wall directly below it and carved with a skull and cross-bones. The stone is dated 1624 and is inscribed: 'remember deathe vaniti of vaniti & all is but vaniti'. Both the carving and inscription are typical of memorials found in graveyards of this period, the latter been based on the well-known epigram from the Old Testament (Ecclesiastes 12:8). It formerly had been set over the doorway of a house which stood on this spot. The plaque – and by association the house – became identified in the local folk tradition with the story of the 'stern and unbending justice' of James Lynch fitz Stephen, mayor of Galway in 1493, who if local tradition and folklore are to be believed hanged his son from the window of his house as an example to posterity: his son had broken trust with a stranger and murdered him. These are the essential elements of the tale which has been embellished in many forms since first recorded in the 17th century and, regrettably, it is not now possible to establish if there is any truth in it. There is no evidence whatsoever to link either this carving or the house in which it stood with the story or anyone mentioned in it. Nonetheless, the house (which by the early nineteenth century was called the Crossbones) became firmly fixed in the minds of the citizens as the place where it all happened. And so when it became necessary to demolish the building in 1844 the 'cross-bones' plaque was preserved. Eventually it was decided to erect a fitting monument to contain it and, in 1854, the fake façade was constructed using the old fragments. But it was not long until people began to consider the whole façade itself as part of an authentic late medieval house and eventually it was believed that this was the very window at which the dreadful deed was carried out. And so the monument entered the literature and local parlance as the 'Lynch Window' or 'Lynch Memorial Window' and was accepted as fact until the whole story was demythologised in the late 1960s (Mitchell 1966-71). In 1978 the memorial was dismantled and reassembled with a concrete backing: it was set a little back from the pavement so that it could be viewed properly. Two side walls were erected to link it to the boundary wall and these were flanked with pillars which formerly were gate piers into the churchyard beside it. (Mitchell 1966-71; Walsh 2001, 92-4) GA094-100067-_01.jpg: View of the Lynch Memorial. GA094-100067-_02.jpg: The ‘cross-bones’ memorial dated 1624. GA094-100067-_03.jpg: A keystone from a fireplace displaying the impaled arms of the Lynch’s/Penrice (left) and Browne (right) flanked by the initials GL [Lynch] and EB [Browne]. This fragment probably dates to the first half of the 17th century. Compiled by: Paul Walsh Date of upload: 5 March 2015
- GA094-100068: House - 16th/17th century, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100068-. On the east side of Abbeygate Street Upper, just off Galway's main street, Shop Street. A commercial three-storey, rectangular building (c. 13m NE-SW; c. 6m NW-SE) with a small two-storey extension to the rear. A substantial internal cross-wall containing a chimney subdivides the building into a larger front two-thirds with a smaller third behind. In the course of recent renovations, the remains of a decorated stone fireplace was uncovered at first floor-level. The fireplace has a large keystone which bears the arms of the Blake and French families (pers. comm. Dr. Jim Higgins 18-06-2015) together with a truncated date of 162_. Corbel stones carry wooden beams at first and second floor-levels to support the floors above. The fenestration on the façade has been altered but traces of earlier window jamb stones survive in some reveals. Compiled by: Gearóid Conroy Date of upload: 11 May 2016
- GA094-100069: Castle - Anglo-Norman masonry castle, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100069-. The following summary has been derived from Delany (2004, 164-78) to which the reader is referred for a fuller account. Archaeological excavations undertaken at the Custom House during the period 1997-9 uncovered significant medieval structural remains including those of a high medieval hall (GA094-100041-), the eastern corner of a 13th-century castle (GA094-100069-), a limekiln (GA094-100070-) and a smelting works (GA094-100071-) that operated in the late and post-medieval periods. A very large quantity of artefacts (11,553) and environmental material was also recovered. The excavations were confined to two separate areas of the site. The eastern area, bordering on Druid Lane, comprised the hall, smelting works and an adjoining laneway; the area to the west was in a 19th-century warehouse building where the remains of the castle and kiln were uncovered. The first castle erected at Galway by the Anglo-Normans was built by Richard de Burgo in 1232 and destroyed by the Gaelic Irish in the following year. It was subsequently repaired or rebuilt, as it suffered a similar fate in 1247. Richard died in 1243 and was succeeded by his son Walter, whose death is recorded at the castle in 1271. This is the latest reference to the existence of the castle at Galway. Walter de Burgo was succeeded by his eldest son Richard, the ‘Red Earl’. Documentary evidence indicates that he continued to enclose the developing town with defensive walls, a process that had been initiated under his father’s direction. The historical evidence seems to suggest that the castle predates the hall (GA094-100041-) which is associated with the Red Earl and was abandoned at around the time the hall was built. The remains of the 13th-century castle comprised the eastern corner of a substantial building. The south-eastern wall (T 1.75m; H lm) comprised four courses of large, roughly hewn migmatite and granite boulders with a clay-bonded core of smaller stones. It had a pronounced external base-batter and preserved traces of possible lime render. The excavated portion was 6m long, but the wall clearly extended beyond the south-western limit of the site. The north-eastern end of this wall was abutted by a buttress (dims 2.2m by lm) composed of migmatite and granite boulders and displaying a pronounced batter. The north-eastern return of the castle (T 1.25m; H 1.15m) comprised three courses of migmatite and granite boulders, which rested on two foundation courses of larger boulders forming a rough plinth (Wth 0.20m) at the base of the wall. This wall was built at an oblique angle to the south-eastern wall and did not have an external base-batter. The evidence suggests that the north-eastern wall may have been partly rebuilt, possibly when the kiln (GA094-100070-) was constructed immediately inside this wall. Excavations undertaken to the south-west at Nos. 3-5 Quay Lane in 2017 uncovered what appear to be further remains of this castle (Galway Advertiser, 18 January 2018, p. 24; SMR file). (Prunty and Walsh 2016, 21) Compiled by: Paul Walsh Date of upload: 5 February 2018
- GA094-100070: Kiln - lime, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100070-. The following summary has been derived from Delany (2004, 164-78) to which the reader is referred for a fuller account. Archaeological excavations undertaken at the Custom House during the period 1997-9 uncovered significant medieval structural remains including those of a high medieval hall (GA094-100041-), the eastern corner of a 13th-century castle (GA094-100069-), a limekiln (GA094-100070- ) and a smelting works (GA094-100071-) that operated in the late and post-medieval periods. A very large quantity of artefacts (11,553) and environmental material was also recovered. The excavations were confined to two separate areas of the site. The eastern area, bordering on Druid Lane, comprised the hall, smelting works and an adjoining laneway; the area to the west was in a 19th-century warehouse building where the remains of the castle and kiln were uncovered. This limekiln was found inside the wall of the 13th-century castle (GA094-100069-) and clearly post-dated its destruction. The excavated remains of the kiln comprised the southern half of a circular, bowl-shaped structure in the eastern corner of the medieval castle. The kiln measured 3.5m in diameter at the top, narrowing to 3m at a depth of 1.25m, which was the limit of the excavation. The structure was faced internally with roughly coursed, red sandstone and green granite boulders and rubble. The enclosing wall was c. 0.65m thick, except on the east where it abutted the medieval castle wall. The external walling appeared to function as a revetment for the inner face of the structure, and there was no clearly defined outer face. The upper part of a square or rectangular opening (Wth 0.4m) was exposed at the limit of the excavation, in the southern part of the kiln. The flue (L 2.75m; Wth 0.85m) for this opening extended southward and across the top of the castle wall, which was much reduced in this area. A roughly built, boulder-and-rubble wall defined the south-eastern edge of the flue, but the north-western wall was missing apart from a couple of stones, which indicated its approximate line. In general, the deposits in the kiln contained frequent inclusions of shell (mainly oyster) and animal and fish bone, as well as occasional bird bone. A substantial assemblage of high medieval pottery, mainly Redcliffe and Saintonge ware, was also found in these deposits. It seems likely that the disused kiln functioned as a dump for domestic refuse. The presence of ash and lime deposits is consistent with the identification of the structure as a limekiln. Compiled by: Paul Walsh Date of upload: 5 February 2018
- GA094-100071: Metalworking site, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100071-. The following summary has been derived from Delany (2004, 164-78) to which the reader is referred for a fuller account. Archaeological excavations undertaken at the Custom House during the period 1997-9 uncovered significant medieval structural remains including those of a high medieval hall (GA094-100041-), the eastern corner of the 13th-century castle (GA094-100069-), a limekiln (GA094-100070- ) and a smelting works (GA094-100071-) that operated in the late and post-medieval periods. A very large quantity of artefacts (11,553) and environmental material was also recovered. The excavations were confined to two separate areas of the site. The eastern area, bordering on Druid Lane, comprised the hall, smelting works and an adjoining laneway; the area to the west was in a 19th-century warehouse building where the remains of the castle and kiln were uncovered. The interior of the hall (GA094-100041-) was used an area for iron smelting in the late and post-medieval periods and two main phases of activity were distinguished. The first phase was represented by four pits, over 50 stake-holes and seven narrow holes or voids, the function of which could not be determined. All of these features were cut into medieval gravel deposits. At the base of one of these pits was an extremely compact deposit of iron slag indicating its use as a furnace pit, and it is assumed that the other two pits had a similar function. They may have been used as part of a smelting process whereby wrought iron was produced on a small scale directly from iron ore. The fourth, larger pit had been partially destroyed during the construction of the foundations of an adjacent business premises. There were large concentrations of stake-holes in the area south-west of the central stone column of the hall and immediately inside the southern door but these did not form any readily identifiable structures. They may have supported small, temporary structures such as worktops or canopies. The second phase of activity was represented by a greater variety of features. These included pits, stake-holes, narrow holes, a collapsed stone structure, wooden objects, traces of clay-and-stone floors and small ironworking features and surfaces. The most notable discovery was a large cruciform anvil base situated in the northern part of the hall. All of these features were cut into accumulated industrial deposits and clearly represented an expansion of iron smelting on the site. Some stones showed evidence of staining which in conjunction with the iron filings discovered in the fill between them suggests that molten iron may have been hammered into shape on them. A collapsed stone structure may have been the remains of a furnace. The anvil was represented by regular cruciform-shaped depressions. The head and arms were of roughly equal dimensions (L 0.9m; Wth 0.55m), but the shaft was longer, at 1.75m and open the bottom: these would have held substantial timber beams on which the anvil was fixed. Occasional clay-pipe stem fragments in the upper levels of the smelting works suggest that the operation may have continued into the early 17th century. However, these finds may have been intrusive, and the general absence of clay pipe and glass suggested to the excavator that the smelting works are more likely to be a 16th-century feature. Compiled by: Paul Walsh Date of upload: 5 February 2018
- GA094-100072: Fortification, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-100072-. Although the town of Galway owes its origin to the establishment of an Anglo-Norman castle in the early 13th century, the choice of site had already been made by the native Irish who, as early as 1124, are recorded as building a 'dún' or fortification at the mouth of the river Galway (now known as the River Corrib). This dún is variously named in the annals as ‘Bun Gaillme’ (1121), ‘[Caistel] Gaillme (1124), ‘[Caislen] Bona Gaillme’ (1128), ‘[Caislén] bona Gaillme’ (1132), ‘Dún nGaillme (1149, 1161), ‘[Caisdel] Gaillmi’ (1170), ‘[Caislen] Bona Gaillme’ (1177), and ‘[Caislen] Bona Gaillmhe’ (1230) which may be translated as the castle or fortification at the mouth of the river Galway (Prunty and Walsh 2016, 10). This dún was to figure in the fluctuating wars of Connacht and Munster and was demolished in 1132 and in 1149. Although again rebuilt it was burned in 1161. It seems to have been re-erected soon after for when the river suddenly went dry in 1178 the inhabitants of the dún collected many old articles from the river bed (Walsh 1996, 52). It is not mentioned again in the annals until 1230, when Richard de Burgo came to ‘Caisleán Bhun na Gaillimhe’ and fought with the O'Flaherties there. This event is recounted in the annals of Lough Cé and Connacht and both entries specifically refer to the Connacht men as being on the west side and the Anglo-Normans on the east side of the river. After a number of engagements and achieving no satisfaction de Burgo withdrew. Roderic O'Flaherty gives the following account of these events: 'Richard de Burgo . . . besieged Odo O'Flaherty, Lord of West Connaught, in the castle of Galway, on the east side of the river; and he being relieved on the west side by Odo, King of Connaught . . . the besiegers quitted the siege;' (O’Flaherty 1684, 32). This is the only reference which specifically indicates that the dún stood on the east side of the river. None of the other annalistic entries give any indication of the location of the Irish fortification. De Burgo had better success when he returned in 1232, for the annals record that he then erected a castle there (see GA094-100069-). It seems likely this was built on the site of the existing fortification as suggested by the excavator who uncovered what appears to be the part of the 13th-century de Burgo castle at Quay Lane in 2017 (Irish Times, 16 January 2018). The ITM coordinates provided for this record should only be considered as indicative of the general location of the 12th-century dún: to date, no definitive evidence has been found for this fortification. Compiled by: Paul Walsh Date of upload: 6 February 2018
- GA094-102: Religious house - Franciscan friars, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-102----. On the now-reclaimed St Stephen's Island on E side of the River Corrib just outside N gate of Galway town (GA094-100----). This Franciscan friary, founded by Wm. de Burgo in 1296, stood to N of the present Franciscan church in Francis St. The scale and layout of buildings is unclear but representations appear on a number of 16-17th-C maps. In 1657 'all the buildings...demolished' except the church which was reused as a court house. Reoccupied and repaired in 1689 and 1723-4, and completely rebuilt in 1781. Amongst its possessions was a watermill (GA094-102003-). (Hardiman 1820, 264-73; Jennings 1947; Gwynn and Hadcock 1970, 250-1) The above description is derived from the published 'Archaeological Inventory of County Galway Vol. I - West Galway'. Compiled by Paul Gosling (Dublin: Stationery Office, 1993). Date of upload: 05 August 2010
- GA094-102001: Church, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-102001-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-102002: Graveyard, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-102002-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-102004: Wall monument, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-102004-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-102005: Wall monument, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-102005-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-102006: Wall monument, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-102006-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-102007: Wall monument, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-102007-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-102008: Tomb - unclassified, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-102008-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-102009: Memorial stone, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-102009-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-102010: Tomb - unclassified, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-102010-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-102011: Tomb - unclassified, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-102011-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-102012: Tomb - unclassified, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-102012-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-102013: Tomb - unclassified, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-102013-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-102014: Tomb - unclassified, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-102014-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-102015: Graveslab, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-102015-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-102016: Graveslab, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-102016-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-102017: Graveslab, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-102017-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-102018: Graveslab, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-102018-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-102019: Tomb - unclassified, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-102019-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-104001: Mill - unclassified, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-104001-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-104002: Mill - unclassified, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-104002-. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is in the process of providing information on all monuments on The Historic Environment Viewer (HEV). Currently the information for this record has not been uploaded. To access available information for research purposes please make an appointment in advance with the Archive Unit (open Fridays 10.00 am – 5.00 pm), Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, The Custom House, Dublin 1 D01W6XO or email NMarchive@housing.gov.ie.
- GA094-106: Religious house - Franciscan nuns (Poor Clares), https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-106----. On Oileán Ealtanach, now Nuns Island, close to W bank of the River Corrib and to NW of Galway town (GA094-100----). Founded in 1649 by Franciscan Nuns or Convent of Poor Clares on a site granted by the Corporation. Abandoned in 1653 but briefly reoccupied in 1660s. By c. 1691 the nuns occupied a house in Market St. within the town. No visible trace remains; the present convent on Nuns Island dates from 1825. (Concannon 1929, 40-80; Hardiman 1820, 274-6) The above description is derived from the published 'Archaeological Inventory of County Galway Vol. I - West Galway'. Compiled by Paul Gosling (Dublin: Stationery Office, 1993). Date of upload: 05 August 2010
- GA094-119: Structure, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-119----. A curve in the wall at the junction of Court Lane and St Anthony's Place was identified as the remains of a possible dovecote. There is no dovecote shown in this location on the mid-17th century Pictorial Map of Galway (TCD MS 1209.73) and the evidence is not sufficient to warrant accepting it as the remains of such. The construction of the curve at this corner appears to continue in a straight line along Court Lane rather than, as one would expect if it were a dovecote, to continue the line of the arc of such a structure. It is possible that the stonework might indicate the remants of a building or structure of some antiquity but this cannot be certain: it is clearly earlier than the remainder of the wall above. On the W face of the corner stone, immediately above the curve, the faint carving of a cross is visible, which is reminiscent of those enigmatic early-19th century carvings associated with J. or I. Healy found at various locations in the city. A fragment from a 15th-17th century window (GA094-120----) has been incorporated in the wall to the N . The attached image (GA094-119----_01.jpg) shows the remains of the wall with the position of the cross indicated by a red arrow. GA094-119----_02.jpg is a close-up of the stone showing the carving of the cross. Compiled by: Paul Walsh Date of upload: 18 July 2014
- GA094-120: Architectural fragment, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-120----. Incorporated in a wall on the east side of Court Lane near the junction with St Anthony's Place is a fragment of a probable window sill (H 0.14m; Wth 0.10m). The stone bears some punch dressing typical of 16th/17th century date and the residual base projection for a mullion. The attached image (GA094-120----_01.jpg) shows the position of the fragment in the wall indicated by a red arrow. GA094-120----_02.jpg is a close-up of the fragment. Compiled by: Paul Walsh Date of upload: 18 July 2014
- GA094-138: Architectural feature, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-138----. This well-known landmark, known as the ‘Browne Doorway’, originally served as the elaborate entrance to a house on the west side of Abbeygate Street Lower at the junction with St. Augustine Street (see attached images). It was removed from its original site in 1878 and re-erected as an entrance to the Eyre Square park in 1905 (see Trench 1905–6). In form it is a fine example of how the Classical style of architecture found expression in the Jacobean world of early 17th-century Galway. It consists of a more-or-less elaborate entrance porch which is defined by Tuscan columns topped with Ionic capitals on tall pedestals, the latter with moulded diamond-shaped panels. The columns have moulded blocks above the capitals and form part of the arhitrave that supports a pulvinated frieze and moulded cornice. The doorway has the semi-circular arch in the new Italian Renaissance style with a central scrolled keystone either side of which is carved a quotation from Psalm 127:1 - 'Nisi Dominus aedificaverit domum, in vanum laboraverunt, qui aedificant eam' (If the Lord does not build a house, then those who build it work in vain). The spandrels below this inscription are carved with Arabesque derived foliage motifs. The entrance supports an oriel window with five lights divided by chamfered mullions and transoms. The apron below the canted sides is carved in low relief with stylised dragon-like creatures: these carvings are very faint. The front panel has the names of the house owners, Martin Browne and Marie Linch, carved in false relief in narrow bands along the top. The names are separated by the IHS monogram that has been enlivened with a square interlace cross rising from the central stem of the H. This cross is mirrored directly below the monogram and separates the date elements ‘16’ and ‘27’ (1627). On the left hand side are the arms and crest of the Browne family and on the right are the impaled arms of Lynch and Penrice with the Lynch crest on top; all in high relief. The ornamentation of the whole is typical of many similar armorial plaques from this period in Galway. Nothing is known about Martin Browne or his wife other than the fact that the house in Abbeygrate Street Lower is represented on the Pictorial Map of mid-17th century Galway and referred to in the map index as 'The town-house and edifices of Mr. Martin Brown' (TCD MS 1207.73, Elenchus, letter 'd'). The attached images (GA094-138----_01.jpg, and 02) were taken c. 1904 and show the Browne Doorway in its original location. GA094-138----_03.jpg is close-up of the inscription and coats of arms. Compiled by: Paul Walsh Date of upload: 13 June 2014
- GA094-140: Armorial plaque (present location), https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CGA094-140----. Four plaques are set high up in a south-east facing wall in the yard to the rear of the Connacht Tribune premises: three have been set upside down. It is clear that they are not in their original location and their provenance is unknown. The carving is very weathered and is similar on each of the plaques which undoubtedly formed part of a much larger monument or commemorative architectural feature. The style of carving and shield shape is comparable with others in Galway and a 16th century date would not be inconsistent with the evidence. Each plaque consists of a raised panel with a narrow border on which is carved a shield in false relief. The plaques are described in order beginning with that at the south-west. Plaque 1: This plague (set upside down) bears the impaled arms of two families, possibly French (dexter) and a variant of Lynch (sinister): these identifications are at best tentative. The shield is flanked by the letter ‘C’ (sinister): the corresponding section of the plaque on the other side is damaged. Plaque 2: This plaque (set upside down) bears a version of the coat-of-arms of the Joyce family. Plaque 3: This plaque bears an unidentified coat-of-arms. The shield displays the arms of the French family flanked by letters ‘C’ and ‘F’. Plaque 4: This plaque (set upside down) bears a merchant’s mark which consists of a truncated reversed 4 type with crosslet terminal to the horizontal bar rising from in inverted V with crosslet terminals. The junction of the 4 and V elements is overlapped by a broken annulet or circle. Similar merchant marks are found in Galway (see Walsh 1993). (Korff et al 1990, Letter B) Compiled by: Paul Walsh Date of upload: 18 July 2014

Works at or in relation to a recorded monument need two months' written notice to the National Monuments Service (National Monuments (Amendment) Act 1994, section 12).

## Architectural heritage (National Inventory of Architectural Heritage)

No building of the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage stands on this parcel.

## Ground and risks (Radon Risk Map of Ireland, EPA; Landslide Susceptibility Classification and LiDAR, Geological Survey Ireland)

- Radon: at the centre of this parcel, about 1 in 5 homes in this area is likely to have high radon levels. Testing a home: https://www.epa.ie/environment-and-you/radon/radon-testing/#d.en.82887
- Landslides: The 1:50,000 map gives no landslide susceptibility class here. Parts of the land are made ground.
- Terrain model: LiDAR of the Office of Public Works, flown in 2011, at 2 m: tile OPW_454, https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/LiDAR/OPW_NASC/OPW_454.zip (ZIP).
- Flooding: the flood maps of the Office of Public Works, https://www.floodinfo.ie/map/floodmaps/, linked only: their licence does not allow re-use.

LiDAR: contains Irish Public Sector Data (Geological Survey Ireland & the Office of Public Works) licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence.

## Neighbouring parcels within 25 m (Tailte Éireann)

- Parcel 5691224: 650 m², https://everytownland.com/parcel/5691224.md
- Parcel 4956329: 233 m², https://everytownland.com/parcel/4956329.md
- Parcel 1976243: 220 m², https://everytownland.com/parcel/1976243.md
- Parcel 1976245: 208 m², https://everytownland.com/parcel/1976245.md
- Parcel 1919824: 205 m², https://everytownland.com/parcel/1919824.md
- Parcel 1976242: 201 m², https://everytownland.com/parcel/1976242.md
- Parcel 2373242: 192 m², https://everytownland.com/parcel/2373242.md

## Downloads

- DXF, in Irish Transverse Mercator metres, with its neighbours and buildings, for a drawing program: https://everytownland.com/parcel/1976244.dxf
- GeoJSON, in WGS 84, for a map: https://everytownland.com/parcel/1976244.geojson
- KML, for Google Earth: https://everytownland.com/parcel/1976244.kml

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Everytownland reads the registered freehold land and the statutory boundaries of Tailte Éireann, the national zoning, planning file and heritage records of the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, and the Residential Property Price Register. A parcel is the land of a title, not an address. The owner's name is in the Land Registry of Tailte Éireann: a copy of the folio can be ordered on landdirect.ie, for a fee; this site names no owner. A price is the price recorded for a past sale, not a valuation.

Sources: Cadastral Parcels Freehold, Townlands, Civil Parishes, Baronies, Electoral Divisions and Buildings, Tailte Éireann, CC BY 4.0; national zoning of development plans (GZT, MyPlan) and National Planning Applications, Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, CC BY 4.0, applicants not shown; designated sites, National Parks and Wildlife Service, CC BY 4.0; Sites and Monuments Record, National Monuments Service, CC BY 4.0; National Inventory of Architectural Heritage, CC BY 4.0; Residential Property Price Register, Property Services Regulatory Authority, re-used with the source acknowledged.

- Page: https://everytownland.com/parcel/1976244
- In JSON: https://everytownland.com/api/parcel/1976244