# Land parcel 5487359, Ireland

Registered freehold land, Tailte Éireann. A parcel is the land of a title, not an address.

- Parcel number at Tailte Éireann (SP_ID): 5487359
- Area: 100 m², as Tailte Éireann measures it
- Buildings (Tailte Éireann): 2 buildings touch it, 527 m² on the ground
- Townland: none: the statutory boundaries draw no townland here, as in the centres of Dublin, Cork and Galway

## Zoning (national zoning of development plans, MyPlan)

- M2 Z5: City Centre (City/Town/village Centre, central area): Development Plan 2022-2028 (Variation No. 11), Dublin City. The zoning objective in the plan: https://www.dublincity.ie/sites/default/files/2022-12/Final%201-14%20Land%20Use%20Zoning%2005.12.22.pdf

## Planning applications on this parcel (National Planning Applications, Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage)

No planning application touches this parcel in the national file, which goes back to 2010.

## Designated sites (National Parks and Wildlife Service)

No designated site (Special Area of Conservation, Special Protection Area, Natural Heritage Area or proposed one) touches this parcel.

## Recorded monuments around it, by their zones of notification (Sites and Monuments Record, National Monuments Service)

This parcel is in the zone of notification of 539 recorded monuments.

- DU018-020: Historic town, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020----. The historic town of Dublin was described in the Urban Survey by Bradley and King (1988) as follows; 'Dublin is the largest city in Ireland. It commenced on the south bank of the Liffey as a Viking port town although there may have been native Irish settlements preceding it. The Viking town clustered around the Christ Church ridge and had its long axis arranged east-west along High Street. By 1100 it was already enclosed by walls and was the most important town in Ireland. In 1170 it was seized on by the Anglo-Normans who made it the administrative centre of the Lordship of Ireland. It was retained by the crown throughout the Middle Ages as a royal city. The Anglo-Normans were great economic entrepreneurs and Dublin was expanded by them during the thirteenth century. Land in the area of the south quays was reclaimed from Liffey, and suburbs were established on the north bank of the river, in Thomas Street, Patrick Street, Bride Street, Kevin Street, and Dame Street. These suburbs, established during the expansionist years of the thirteenth century, were to decline and fade by the end of the fifteenth. The period after 1550, however, saw an economic revival with expanding overseas trade and the input of English monies as part of the Elizabethan conquest of Ireland. The old suburbs re-emerged and land was reclaimed from the marshes on the east of the city. The seventeenth century, despite its wars was a period of prosperity. Economic improvement continued in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries when the city centre took on the shape which it largely retains to this day. The present century has seen the continued expansion of the city on all sides, such that it now occupies an area of many square miles, a far cry from the tiny Viking nucleus established around Christ Church Cathedral. The city's significance to Irish history may be gauged from the fact that it is was the most important Viking town in Ireland, the seat of the Anglo-Norman administration of Ireland, and the undoubted capital of Ireland since 1650. Dublin was established as a longphort in 841. The location of the initial settlement appears to have been near Kilmainham-Islandbridge where a cemetery of ninth century date was discovered over one hundred years ago (Wilde 1866-9; Coffey and Armstrong 1910; Boe 1940, 11-65; Wallace 1985a, 107-8). In 902 the settlement was captured by an Irish alliance and its destruction was so thorough that Dublin was abandoned. When the dispossessed Vikings returned in 917 they established themselves in a different location, on a spur overlooking the confluence of the rivers Liffey and Poddle in the vicinity of the present-day Christ Church cathedral (Graham-Campbell 1976, 40). The morphology of this new settlement has been the subject of important papers by Clarke (1977) and Simms (1979), but nothing is known about the layout of the earlier longphort. Clarke (1977, 41) has suggested that this new foundation was at the site of two earlier Irish settlements, Ath Cliath, a farming community controlling the ford, and Dubhlinn, an ecclesiastical community overlooking the "black pool" from which the town derives its name. If these Irish settlements existed they were almost certainly of rural character, however, and the beginnings of Dublin as a town rest clearly with the Vikings. Early Dublin's most dominant topographical feature was a long narrow ridge, some 15m high, running parallel to the river. It was a location that was easy to defend but the new site had a number of other important advantages. It had a sheltered haven at a point where the Liffey was not only broad but fordable; it was at the intersection of three major long-distance land routes, and it was also close to Dublin Bay. This combination of favourable geographical factors has prompted Clarke to suggest the existence of a pre-viking settlement overlooking the ford, the ath cliath first mentioned in mid seventh century sources. In his analysis of Dublin's early topography he has also identified an ecclesiastical enclosure, co-extensive with the medieval parish of St. Peter, overlooking the dubh linn (black pool) from which the city derives its name. The outline of this enclosure is preserved in the modern street pattern, immediately southeast of the Viking town. Clarke has identified it with the otherwise mysterious ecclesiastical site of Dubh Linn, whose abbots obits are noted in the seventh and eight centuries. Both of these settlements, however, were rural in character and the beginnings of Dublin as a town rest clearly with the Vikings. The Layout of Viking Dublin Simms analysis of the first large-scale map of Dublin, prepared by Jean Rocque in 1756, has identified three plan-units within the walled medieval town. The first unit is centred around the intersection of two routes the east-west axis of Castle Street/Christ Church Place, and the north-south axis of Fishamble Street/ Werburgh Street. The primacy of the east-west route is suggested by the fact that it hugs the northern edge of the ridge and avoids any alteration in street level. By contrast both Fishamble Street and Werburgh Street lead down steep slopes, and the marked bend in Fishamble Street probably arose in order to avoid a sharp break in slope. The boundary of this first plan-unit on the north, east and south is indicated by the line of the town wall, while its western extent can be gauged from two features, the curving alignment of the former Ross Lane, on the southwest, and the excavated portion of the town's tenth century rampart on the northwest. Archaeological support for this analysis comes from the excavations at Fishamble Street where the houses and plots were laid out in the early tenth century (Wallace 1984, 114-6), in contrast with the evidence from High Street and Winetavern Street where the earliest levels were dated to c. 1010-1030 (Murray 1983, 43, 203). Interestingly two routes merge immediately outside the western entrance to Simms first plan-unit, the route leading to the ford, represented by High Street, and the route south, represented by Nicholas Street. High Street was evidently the more important of these two routeways because it forms the axis of the second plan-unit, an extension of the original settlement to the west. The length of the High Street plots is irregular and Simms Suggestion that this may indicate piecemeal growth is supported by the archaeological evidence which has shown that the property boundaries did not stabilise until the mid eleventh century (Murray 1983, 43-9). The boundaries of this plan-unit on the south, west and north coincide with the medieval town wall. Thus the walled area of the Viking town would have comprised about twelve hectares. In the light of this analysis it is interesting to note that the archaeological evidence suggests that the oldest parts of the Viking town, the first plan-unit, were also the wealthiest (Murray 1983, 54-60). High Street, in contrast, was an area of large yards with small dwellings and workshops which probably supported an artisan population. Simms third Plan-unit lies to the north of the other two, and is a more regularly laid-out area, north of Cook Street, which archaeological evidence indicates was reclaimed from the river Liffey during the early years of the thirteenth century. Dublin is particularly fortunate in that the combination of archaeological research and .town plan analysis has successfully identified its earliest growth stages, but the most important result of the archaeological excavations is undoubtedly the evidence which they have provided for town layout. Excavation on the west side of Fishamble Street revealed ten plots, all of which were aligned to the modern street. The individual plots were trapezoidal with the broad end fronting onto the street and they stretched back to the earthen embankment which defended the town. The property divisions were separated from their neighbours by a wooden fence, and
- DU018-020001: Town defences, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020001-. The first defensive works in Dublin have been dated to the tenth century (Clarke 2002, 3-4). This comprised an ovoid enclosure made of earth and timber, which occupied the eastern end of a natural ridge overlooking the confluence of the rivers Poddle and Liffey. It straddled the high ground along Castle Street/Christchurch Place and included the river frontage at Fishamble Street/Essex Street West. Within this embankment were a series of long narrow properties defined by post and wattle boundary fences with houses fronting onto streets. These earthen defences were revealed during excavations at Christchurch Place which formed the S side of this settlement and Fishamble Street where it acted as a flood barrier prior to the construction of the city wall. The banks were substantial in size; at Ross Road the final phase measured 4m high by 5m wide, surmounted by a timber palisade fence. Around c. 1015 AD there was a western expansion of the defensive enclosure to include High St. and Nicholas St. This earthen fortification was subsequently replaced by the first Hiberno-Norse stone wall (Wallace 1981, 109-54). The new wall almost tripled the size of the defended area by including settled land on the west, along High street. It was built of massive limestone blocks, quarried locally. The area enclosed extended from Parliament Street and Exchange Street Upper in the East to Bridge Street on the west and from Cook Street on the north to Ross Road and Ship Street in the south. A significant stretch of this wall survives along Cook Street. A section of this wall was identified during excavations at Ross Road. The Anglo-Norman's expanded into the pre-existing town c. 1170 and immediately began to re-fortify the town's defences and expand outside the line of the Hiberno-Norse wall. The most ambitious programme , was the construction of Dublin Castle. Funds for building and maintaining walls, mural towers and gates were raised by means of periodic murgage grants. Dublins first charter dates from 1221. Over subsequent centuries the city wall was altered, with crenellations and buttresses added (Thomas 1992, 80). It was extended in the thirteenth-century to enclose the newly-reclaimed areas outside the early city wall with Buttevant Tower placed in the NE side of the reclaimed area at the junction of the old and new wall and Isolde's Tower in the East. The Anglo-Norman defences in Dublin consisted of a curtain wall with mural towers and gate houses. It has been suggested that there were breaks in it in the east making direct access to the river possible (Simpson 2000, 55). At Dublin castle a rock cut moat was channelled around the castle and fed by the Poddle river. The city walls survive as isolated sections and sections attached to the mural towers. Recent excavations have revealed them below ground surface level. Dublin castle was built in the angle of the existing city walls (Lynch and Manning 2001, 167-204). A barbican gate and drawbridge gave access directly from the town, midway along the N side. The most impressive section of city wall survives at Cook Street, which contains St. Audeon’s Gate Excavations at Woodquay revealed a long section of city wall which is preserved at the Civic Offices. There are upstanding remains of the city wall incorporated into the modern town layout at Lamb Alley and Ship Street Lower (Clarke, Dent and Johnson 2002, 31-2). Access, in and out of the medieval city, was controlled by gates. These varied greatly in design from those with double-turrets and portcullis, to examples with round and or square turrets or a combination of both. There is little upstanding evidence for these except for St. Audeon's Gate which is heavily restored and the remains revealed at Dublin Castle during 1985-86 excavations. We are largely dependent on historical sources for morphological information, in particular that contained in Perrot's descriptive Survey of the perimeter towers and walls (1585) which indicate that the gates on the S side of the settlement were particularly formidable (Gilbert 1891-1944, ii, 558-561). These appear on Speeds map of 1610 and have been mapped by the Friends of Medieval Dublin (Clarke 1978; Clarke 2002; Clarke, Dent and Johnson 2002, 31-2). The city wall was defended by mural towers. They are historically well documented but there is little upstanding information. Perrrot's survey (1585) indicates diversity in size and form. Archaeological excavations have revealed sub-surface remains of mural towers such as Geneval's tower at Ross Road and Isolde's tower in Exchange Street. (315383 233926) (1). Dublin Castle: Known as 'Cork Tower' this was located at the NW corner of Dublin Castle. Under construction in c. 1228; rebuilt in 1413. It stood three storeys above a dungeon in 1585; collapsed in 1624 and was re-built in 1629. It was demolished during the 18th century (Healy 1973, 16). A large portion of the tower was exposed during excavation in 1985-6 (Lynch and Manning1987, 178, FMD map 1978, A1; Lynch and Manning, 2001, 169-204; Clarke 2002, D5). (315482 233964) (2) Dublin Castle: Known as the 'Store House Tower' or the' Powder Tower' this was formerly located at the NE corner of Dublin Castle. Excavations in 1985-86 uncovered most of the base of the circular tower, sitting on bedrock associated with 14th century layers producing pottery and coins. It overlay a section of rampart that enclosed the Viking town. A section of medieval wall abutted the Powder Tower (Lynch and Manning 1987, 178; Healy 1973, 16, FMD map 1978, A2). (315500 2333910) (3) Dublin Castle: Stands at the SE corner of Dublin Castle. Variously known as the 'Record Tower', the' Black Tower' and the 'Wardrobe Tower'. Under construction c. 1228; restored and re roofed c. 1566. It is a massive circular tower, three storeys high. Battlements were added in 1819 (FMD map, 1978, A3). Extant in modified form 2002 (Lynch and Manning2001, 169-204, Clarke 2002, 22, D15). (315460 233880) (4) Dublin Castle: This was a small turret which was located mid-way along the S curtain wall. It was three storeys high in 1585; demolished c. 1766 and a polygonal tower erected on the site (Healy 1973, 17, FMD map, 1978, A4, Clarke 2002, 22, D12). (315434 233922) (5) Dublin Castle: Tower abutting W side of Bermingham tower, square tower, early 13th (Lynch and Manning 186, 18) little square tower, 3 storeys 1585. Lowest courses extant below ground level 2002, Clarke 2002, 22, D19). (315338 233832) (6) Ship St. Little: Known as 'Stanihurst's Tower' after James Stanihurst, recorder of Dublin, who owned the adjoining property. The remains still survive on the N side of Ship Street. They are round outside the city wall; square inside the wall and stand three storeys high (H c. 14.5m, T c. 1.8m). It was refaced in the 19th century and has a thick base batter. A section of city wall survives either side of it (Healy 1973, 18, FMD map 1978, A6). This S stretch of town wall (L 85m, H 5m) leads up to the boundary of Dublin Castle. It is built of coursed masonry and battered towards the extra-mural street level, which is on the fosse site (Thomas 1992, 2, 80; Clarke, Dent and Johnson 2002, 32). Extant in modified form 2002 (Clarke 2002, 21, D 18) (315181 233797) (7) Ross Road: Substantial remains of Geneval's Tower was recorded during excavations in 1992. Remains comprise a rectangular structure attached on either side to the sections of city wall. It probably had an outer element. This replaced an earlier stone wall built in the early 12th century which had itself succeeded a Viking bank of 10th century date (Healy 1973, 18, FMD map 1978, A7; Clarke 2002, 21; D 9 Walsh 1994, 16-17; Walsh 2001, 112). (315044 233797)(8) No.10 John Dillon Street: Known as the Round Tower or Sarsefield's Tower. The position of this tower is indicated on a deed map of 1780 which locates the site behind No. 10 John Dillon Street. It was a relatively low half round tower (H 4.5m) and was filled with earth. In 1585 it was held by Sir Willaim Sarsefield (Healy 1973, 19; FMD map 1978, A8) (Clarke 2002, 21, D 16). (314966 233871) (9) Lamb Alley; Known as Sedgraves Tower as Christopher Sedgrave occupied the tower in 1585 (Healy 1973, 19). It was two storeys high and formerly accessible by a stairs which ran from the town wall (FMD map 1978, A9, Clarke 2002, 21, D17). (314941-233894) (10) Lamb Alley: Known as the Watch tower or Fagan's Tower because the sentry stood there watching over Newgate Gaol. This building was located on the N side of Lambe Alley (FMD map 1978, A 10). It had an upper chamber accessible by stairs (H 7.5m). In 1618 Alderman Thaddy Duff was given a lease at an annualrate of two shillings (Healy 1973, 19). (314859 233981) (11) Bridge St. Upper/St Augustine St.: Clarke mentions the former existence of a corner tower c. 1260. It was still there in the 14th century and was probably used as a masshouse in the early 17th century (Lennox 1989, 185, Clarke 2002, 21). Known as Fitzsymon's Tower in 1585 or 'Brown's castle' after Richard Brown who was Lord mayor in 1614, 1615 and 1620. It stood midway between Bridge Street Upper and St Augustine Street. It was square in plan and four storeys high. It is described as the tower at the corner of the old town wall, that is the earlier town wall which lay along the S side of Cook Street. During the Thirteenth century it was granted to John Garget and later Roger Esseburn. In 1492 it was held by Reynold Talbot and in 1585 by Nicholas Fitzsimons (Healy 1973, 20; FMD map 1978, A11). No visible surface trace. (314808 234120) (12) St Augustine St: Formerly located at the rear of the Brazen Head Hotel in Bridge Street and known as Harbard's Tower. It was two storeys high with the upper storey vaulted (H c. 10m, Wall T 1.65m). It was held in 1584 by Thomas Cheyvers; in 1585 by William Harbard; in 1598 by the widow Harbard and in 1605 by Christopher Cosgrave (Healy 1973, 20, FMD map 1978, A12). Shown on Speeds map 1610 (Clarke 2002, 21, D10) (314838 234143)(13) Merchant's Quay: Known as William Usher's House, this fortified building was situated at the NW corner of the city wall where it bordered the river Liffey (Healy1973, 20). This was built c. 1310 by Geoffrey de Mortone to prevent access to the city wall. In 1317 restoration works took place and a roof passage to the wall was reserved for the public (FMD map 1978, A13). (315126 234113) (14) Merchant's Quay/ Winetavern Street/Wood Quay: In the 13th century a tower is mentioned here when it was granted to John le Warre (FMD map 1978, A 14; Clarke 2002, 21, D14). Known as 'Prickett's tower' after the occupier in 1585 (Healy 1973, 21). At this time it was a rectangular tower (ext. dims. L9m, Wth 8.4m, wall H 10.2, T 1.02m). It had a timber loft and a turret on its E side. Probably damaged in the gunpowder explosion of March 1597 (De Courcy 1996, 314-15). No visible surface trace at ground level. (315257 234127) (15) Exchange Street Lower/Wood Quay: Known as 'Fyans Castle', this tower was situated on the quay wall of the river at the junction of Winetavern Street and Wood Quay. It was first mentioned in 1305. It was granted to John Marcus in 1455 (Healy 1973, 21). In 1585 it was granted to Alderman Richard Fyand (De Courcy 1996, 170). Described by Perrot in 1585 as a square tower, four stories high (L 11.9m, Wth 6.25m, H 13m, wall T 1.25m). Lit by loopholes in the lower stories and windows in other stories (op cit). Shown on Speeds map of Dublin, 1610 (Gillespie 1973, 33; Clarke 2002, 21, D 8). (315323 234130) (16) Essex Quay/Exchange Street Lower: Known as Casey's tower, after the occupier in 1604 (Healy 1973, 21). This was a small round tower, two storeys high, situated nearly opposite St Michael and John's church. It was granted in 1471 to Robert Fitzsymon on condition that he repaired it with stone and lime and roofed it with oak and slates. Perrots survey of 1585 describes it as a small round tower with a timber loft and two rooms (L 3.75m, Wth 4.37m, wall T 0.93m, wall H 6.7m). In 1726 it was described as a ruin with its S side facing onto Blind Quay (De Courcey 1996, 160). No visible surface remains at ground level (FMD map 1978, A 16). (315367 234138) (17) Exchange St Lower: Known as Isolde's Tower this mural defence ocupied the NE corner of the Medieval walled town of Dublin which projects onto the river Liffey. The city Quay wall abutts the tower on the E and W sides. Excavations in 1993 exposed the base of a circular tower (int. dims.4.68m, H 2.2m, Wall T 3.9m ). This had been built on a plinth; the wall faced internally and externally with large blocks of mortared masonry (Simpson 1994, 21-2). This tower had been demolished in the late 17th century and a property built over it . The finds included medieval and post-medieval pottery, glass fragments, metal leather and human bones (FMD map 1978, A17; Healy 1973, 21). Surviving remnants of the lower courses of Isolde's tower have been conserved. The lowest courses are extant below ground level (Clarke 2002, 21; Clarke, Dent and Johnson 2002, 33, 37). (315403 234107)(18) Esex Gate: Known as Buttevant Tower; in 1585 this was described as an old square ruinous tower with one vault. It had been granted in the 13th century to William Picot. Demolished in 1673 when Essex Gate was constructed (Healy 1973, 21, FMD map 1978, A 18). Part of the N wall excavated (Simpson 1994, 107-08; (int dims. H 9.37m, Wth 3.75m, T 1.25m; De Courcy 1996, 60). Marker plaque 2002 (Clarke 2002, 21, D2). (315453 234056) (19) Parliament Street: Known as Bysse's Tower. In 1585 this was a three storied half round tower (int dims. Wth 5m, H 8.12m, Wall T 1.25m, De Courcy 1996, 36). It was called Bises Tower because it adjoined Mr Bise's house and was granted to him in 1574 (Healy 1973, 21). It lay in the middle of the present Parliament Street and was demolished in 1763 when this street was laid out. No visible surface remains at ground level (FMD map 1978, A 19) (Clarke 2002, 21; D3). Marker plaque 2002. (315432 233950) (20) Dublin Castle: Known as 'Castle Gate' and Bedford Tower this is located at the existing entrance in Castle Street. Formerly it comprised two round towers between which was a gate, portcullis and drawbridge. The towers were re-built in 1617 and were finally demolished in the 18th century. The turret on the old Genealogical Office is built on the remains of the W tower. Excavations in 1985-86 exposed the tower portion N of a large rectangular barbican aligned on the main entrance (Lynch and Manning1986, 17-18; Lynch and Manning2001, 169-204). There was a drawbridge put in about midway across the moat (Healy 1973, 16-17, Youngs, Clarke and Barry 1987, 178; FMD map 1978, B1, Clarke 2002, 22, E2)). (315276 233825) (21) Werburgh Street. Known as 'Pole Gate' or 'Pool Gate'. It was located just inside the junction with Ship Street. It derived its name from its proximity to the pool in the River Poddle. It was a square tower, the first storey was vaulted and contained a portcullis for the gate. Shown on Speeds map (1610) (Gillespie, 1973, 33). No visible remains above ground (Bradley and King 1987, i,47, FMD map 1978, B2); Clarke, Dent and Johnson 2002, 32). (315129 233753) (22) Nicholas street: Known as St. Nicholas Gate it was three storeys high and had two round towers outside the wall and two square ones within with a portcullis for the gate. It is probably identifiable with Hascuff's Gate mentioned in 1534 (McNeill 1950, 50; Bradley and King, 1, 48; FMD map 1978, B3). Shown on Speed's map (1610). (Gillespie 1973, 330; Healy 1973, 18-19; Clarke, Dent and Johnson 2002, 32). No visible remains above ground. (314905 233994) (23) John Dillon Street: Known as Fagan's castle, it was still standing in 1788 (Healy 1973, 21-22). It was attached to the early town wall that ran from Cornmarket to Cook Street. It was round on the outside of the city wall and square inside the wall (H c. 10m, Wall T 0.60m) in 1585. Its N wall may have been revealed during recent excavtions (Coughlan 2000, 229-30). No visible surface trace (FMD map 1978, B5; Clarke 2002, D6). (24) St Audeon's Park/Cook St: Known as St Audeon's Gate, it was first mentioned in 1240 and was subsequently called the Watergate. It was let in 1602 to the Master of the tanners who used it as a meeting place until the mid-18th century (Healy 1973, 22). The gate was formerly a proper gatehouse with a tower above it. It has been heavily restored as a gateway with shallow side towers topped with crenellations at a level with the town wall (Wth 4.6m, H 4.15m). There are three external buttresses, which appear to be later additions (Bradley and King 1987, i,54, FMD map 1978, B6). There is early masonry surviving in the external face (Simpson, 2000, 41) A section of town wall survives to the E and W of the gate (Thomas 1992, 2, 80). A projecting tower at the W end has a mock Gothic door (Clarke 2002, E11, Clarke, Dent and Johnson 2002, 33). (25) St. Michael's Close: This gate is mentioned in a Twelfth century deed and it stood at the bottom of MacGilla Mogholmóc's Street now St. Michael's Close (Gilbert 1854-9, 1, 230; Bradley and King, 1, 55; FMD map (1978 B7). (26) Winetavern Street: Known as King's Gate or Winetavern Gate. Shown on Speed's map of 1610. The city wall continued E from this gate to Wood Quay (UASDC, Vol VIII, I, 55; FMD map 1978, B8). (27) Dame Street: Dam Gate or Dame's gate was formerly located at the W end of Dame Street. Shown on Speed's map of 1610 as Dame's gate (Gillespie 1873, 33). It had two towers and a portcullis and was one of the narrowest entries into the city. It was demolished in 1698 (Healy 1973, 21; Bradley and King, 1, 53; FMD map 1978, B9; Clarke 2002, E4). (28) Cornmarket (Wormwood Gate):(314832 234019) Cornmarket: Gormond's Gate was two storeys high vaulted with a portcullis for the gate. It was named after William Gudraud who lived nearby in 1933 (Healy 1973, 20). During the 17th century, the name of the gate was corrupted into Ormond Gate, and subsequently into Wormwood Gate. (Bradley and King 1987, i,50, FMD map 1978, B10; Clarke 2002, E 5; Clarke, Dent and Johnson 2002, 32). (29) Bridge Street Lower: The former existence of a gate here is mentioned by Clarke (2002, 21, E1). Marker plaque on site in 2002. Bridge gate defended the S end of the bridge across the River Liffey at Usshers Quay. Mentioned c. 1200 AD, it was burned down early in the 14th century (De Courcy 1996, 44-5). In 1585 Perrot recorded that the gate was a square tower, two stories high (L5.6m, Wth 4.34m,H 9.4m,wall T 2.1m)) with the lower storey vaulted. The upper storey was a timber loft with no loops (op cit). It was rebuilt in 1598 when a slab bearing the arms of Elizabeth I was placed on it (Healy 1973, 21). No visible trace (Bradley and King 1987, i,51; FMD map 1978, B11; Clarke 2002,E1) (30) The Coombe: Known as Coombe Gate it was first mentioned in 1468. It stood at the lower end of the Coombe where it separated the Liberty of St. Sepulchre from that of St. Thomas (CARD 1, 493; Bradley and King 1987, 1, 56; FMD map 1978, B12; Clarke 2002, 21, E17). (31) Thomas St. West/Watling Street: Known as Crocker's Bar this gate is mentioned in the Fiants of Elizabeth I in 1568. It stood at the W end of Crocker's Street which ran along the line of the present Cromer and Marshall Lanes (Bradley and King 1, 56, FMD map 1978, B13, Clarke 2002, E3). (32) Hammond Lane: A gate is shown on the Friends of medieval Dublin map1978,. Mentioned by Bradley and King 1987, 3, 190, No.5. There are no visible surface remains. (33) Francis Street Known as St. Francis Gate, formerly situated at the S end of Francis Street.It is mentioned in a deed of 1529-34 which refers to it as one of the boundaries of the Liberty of St. Patrick's (McNeill 1950, 302; Bradley and King 1987, 1, 56 FMD map 1978, B14, Clarke 2002, 22, E12). (34) Dame Street : Known as Blind Gate or Hogs Gate in 1577, it was formerly located at the E end of N Dame Street (Somerville and Large, 1996, 118). In 1662 it was in a ruined and dangerous condition and the citizens complained that it was a blind gate and 'wholly useless' (Gilbert 1854-9, 2, 257). It was removed shortly afterwards (Bradley and King 1987, 1, 56; FMD map 1978,. (314296 233927 (35) James Street: Known as St. James's Gate. Mentioned in 1485, 1555 and as a tower over gate in 1599 (Clarke 2002, 22, E13). It separated St. James Street from Thomas Street and led into the Liberty N. St. Thomas Court (Bradley and King, 1, 57, FMD map 1978, B16). Shown on Speed's map (1610) as James Gate (Gillespie 1973, 33). (36) Wexford Street: Known as St. Kevins Gate, it was situated in Wexford Street which was still known in the 19th century as St. Kevin's Port (McCready 1892, 42; Bradley and King, 1, 57; FMD map 1978, B17; Clarke 2002, 21, E14). (37) Patrick Street: St Patrick's Gate is mentioned in 1250 and again in a deed of 1305 which states that the town ditch stretched from Newgate to ground near this gate (Gilbert 1854-9, 239). It probably indicated the S extent of the suburb outside St. Nicholas Gate, in Patrick Street, (Bradley and King 1987, i,57; FMD map 1978, B18, Clarke 2002,21, E16). (38) Pimlico/ John Street South: Clarke 1978, shows the position of Washam's Gate at the junction between Pimlico and Ardee Street. It may have been part of the defences of Thomas Court ( Bradley and King 1987, i, 58; FMD map 1978, B19 (39) Ship St Great /Stephen's St Upper: Clarke 1978, shows the position of White Friar's Gate to the N of the junction between Ship Street and Stephens Street (Bradley and King 1987, 1, 58 FMD map 1978, B20). Described as a gate with a tower above in 1502 (Clarke 2002,22, E19). No visible surface remains above ground. (31507/23378) (40) Ship Street Little: The section of city wall between Bermingham Tower and Stanihurst's Tower (L c. 40m H c. 9m, Wth c. 2m) was strengthened in c. 1250. Mentioned in 1585. Extant in modified form 2002 (Clarke 2002, 20). (41) (31507/23378) Power's Square: The Urban Archaeological Survey mentions an extant section of city wall in this area (1987, VIII, 2). (42) (31497/23400) Cook St: Excavations in 1989 exposed a section of wall (Wth. at base c. 2m) built of coursed limestone masonry on N. face (Excavations 1989, 21). Largely extant in modified form 2002 (Clarke 2002, 20). ((43) Back Lane/High St: Shown on the Friends of Dublin1978, map. (44) May Lane: This gate was formerly situated at the junction of Bow Street and May Lane. Shown on the Friends of Medieval Dublin Map 1978,. Mentioned by Bradley and King (1987, 3, 190 (No. 1). To be built in 1470 (Clarke 2002, 22). No visible surface remains above ground. (45) Bow Lane East: This gateway site was shown on the Friends of medieval dublin 1978, map. mentioned by Bradley and King 1987, £, 197, No.205. No visible surface remains above ground. (46) Aungier St/ Digges Street Upper: This gateway was shown on the Friends of medieval Dublin 1978, map and mentioned by Bradley and King (1987, i, No.200). No visible surface remains above ground. (47) New Street South: This gate was shown on the Friends of Medieval Dublin Map 1978. Mentioned by Bradley and King (1987, 3, 196, No. 162; Clarke 2002, 21, E 8). No visible surface remains above ground. (48) Whitefriar Street: This gate was shown approximately on the Friends of Medieval Dublin Map 1978,. This was described as a new gate near the house of the Carmelite friars in 1496 (Clarke 2002,22). (49) Woodquay/Winetavern St: Excavations in 1969-81 revealed a staggered stretch of town wall on the inner S side of which were found a series of earlier defence lines. The stone wall has been dated to c. 1100AD with indications of repair in the 13th century (L106m, Wth 1.5m, H 3.5m). It was composed of rubble fill within mortared stone facings and possibly revetted on the outside. (Thomas 1992, 2, 79-80). (31492/23383)(50) Lamb Alley/Francis St: Excavations in 1991 outside the medieval city wall exposed the outer W edge of the fosse of the city wall (Wth 20-25m, D.6m). It produced 13th-17th century material (Hayden 1992, 12-13, Hayden 1993,20-21). A free-standing portion of the city Wall survives where it has been conserved by Dublin city Council (L14.20m,Wth 1.80m, H 4.7m). It is well faced with cut limestone. The W face has a low batter and is thought to be secondary. The rubble core is partially exposed. It appears to have been built on a bank (Simpson, 2000, 46; Clarke, Dent and Johnson 2002, 32). (31540 23412)(51) Esses Gate: Excavations at 3 Essex Gate in 1993 revealed the base of a strong mortared wall with a pronounced batter and orientated N-S. It had a core of uncut heavily mortared stone faced with rectangular limestone blocks (Scally 2002, 11-33). (52) 27-30 Parliament Street: Archaeological test trenching in 1994 at 27-30 Parliament Street revealed a asection of town wall (Scally 1995, 29-30; Scally 2002,11-33). (31543 23407) (53) 33-34 Parliament St: Excavations in advance of re-development in 33-34 Parliament Street in 1993, uncovered a clay bank with timber uprights on the river side. It had been constructed on a bed of well preserved wattle and brushwood. A small assemblage of metal and bone finds indicated a date of 11th-century (Scally, 1994, 24-25; 2002, 9-112). (54) Bridge St Lower St Augustine St: Excavations in 1980 on a site between Bridge Street and St. Augustine Street revealed the city Wall (Wth 2m, H 1.25m). It was built on a bank. The W face was constructed of large, dressed stones (O'Reilly 1989-90, 74). (31526 23384) (55) Christchurch Place: Excavations in 1993 uncovered the remains of the earliest earthen defences at the S side of town. These developed from a low counterscarp bank (H0.75m) to a raised earthen mound (H 4m, Wth 5m). A post and wattle fence had been added. It was replaced in the 12th century by a stone wall(H3.5m). Its rear face was battered. At the S end of the site the Anglo-Norman town wall was uncovered with a large sub-rectangular stone building abutting it( c.11.6m; Wth 6.4m). This was a two-storey building. An original doorway with Dundrystone jambs was located in the E wall. It has been interpreted as a garrison for troops defending the town wall (Walsh 1994, 16-17). (315414 234105)(56) Exchange St Upper Essex Gate: Excavations in 1996 at Essex Gate and Exchange Street Upper, uncovered a stretch of city Wall. This was built of mortared limestone blocks surviving to a two-three course height (Scally 1997, 23-4; Scally 2002, 11-33; Clarke, Dent and Johnson 2002, 33). St Augustine Street:(57) The most northerly stretch of city wall on the W side remains as a property boundary (L30m) (Thomas 1992,80). It is part of the later Anglo-Norman extension to the circuit. (31511 23371) (58) Patrick St; Excavations at the junction of Patrick Street and Nicholas Street in 1992 revealed the full width of the city ditch outside the city wall with associated stone-lined drains (Wth 18m, D 5m). It was flat-bottomed, rock-cut with steeply sloped sides. It had a substantial stone wall (Wth 1.50m, H 1m) built along the N lip in the 13th-14th century. The ditch had been deliberately back-filled in the 15th-16th century (Hurley 1993, 25-26; Walsh 1997,78-80). Further excavations in this location revealed another ditch profile (Wth c. 20m, D 6.7m) (Walsh C, 1997,70-76) and an external berm between the wall and lip of ditch. Also evidence for a possible external bank. (31511 23374) (59) St Nicholas Place /Patrick Street: Excavations in 1991 revealed a section of city ditch (Wth c. 20m, D.3m) which had silted up in the 15th to 16th century (Walsh,1997, 78-9). (3151023375) (60) St Nicholas Place /Nicholas St: Excavations in 1991 revealed part of the city ditch (Wth c. 22m) and city wall (H 1.50m) with a berm (Wth 4.5m). Finds of 13th-century date and later were recovered (Walsh 1992, 13). (31515 23401)(61) Winetavern St: A section of city wall was uncovered at Winetavern Street (Wth 1.60m, H 1.m, L 2.5m) during excavations in the early '90s (Walsh 1997,92-4). It was founded on boulder clay. There were no finds apart from a skull (Walsh 1997, 92-4). (62) Winetavern St: Archaeological excavations in 1989 exposed a section of town wall c. 2.20m below ground level. It was faced with limestone blocks with a core of limestone rubble and was mortared. The N face was straight and S face irregular (Mc Mahon 1990, 21). (63) Bridge St Lower: Archaeological excavations in 1989 revealed a section of city wall of c 1300 date which runs NNW-SSE roughly parallel to Augustine Street. The wall is built of un-evenly coursed limestone rubble, set in sandy mortar, widest at its base, narrowing by means of shallow offsets on the interior face (Wth 2-3m). A sherd of Hamgreen pottery and local Dublin ware were found in the foundations (Cotter1990, 21). (315304 233828)(64) Ship St Lower: A section of city wall survives at the rear wall of houses that were built along the W side of the street in the early-mid eighteenth-century (L 38.7m, H 3.80m - 4.20m). It is constructed of large limestone blocks with no evidence of a batter. There is evidence present for sixteenth-century repairs (Simpson 2000, 45). (314820 233990)(65) Bridge St Upper: Excavations in 1992 exposed the city ditch outside the city wall on the W side of Bridge Street Upper. Bounded on the S by Cook Street and on the W by Augustine Street. The city ditch (Wth.7.5m,D c. 12.5m) contained deposits dating from the 14th to early 18th-century (Hayden 1993, 18; Hayden 2000, 84-116, Clarke 2002, 20). (315297 233827) (66)The section of wall between Stanihurst's Tower to Pool Gate Wall (L 50m, H 8m, T1.90m) was built in the late 12th century. Strengthened in c. 1250. Repaired in brick in the 16th (Simpson, 2000, 45) Partially extant 2002 (Clarke 2002, 20). (67) The section of city wall between Bermingham Tower and Stanihurst's Tower (L 132, H c7m, Wth c 2m) was strengthened in c. 1250. Mentioned in 1585. Extant in modified form 2002 (Clarke 2002, 20). (315183 233787) (68)Ross Road :The section of city wall between Genevals Tower and St Nicholas Gate (L 24m, H 8m, T 2m) was partly rebuilt 10-13m outside pre-1170, S. wall in the late 12th century. Portion extant below ground level 2002 (Clarke 2002, 20). (315242 234037)(69) Excavations in 1969-81 revealed a staggered stretch of town wall, on the inner S side of which were found a series of earlier defence lines. The stone wall has been dated to c. 1100 AD with indications of repair in the 13th-century (L 106m, Wth 1.5m, H 3.5m). It was composed of rubble fill, within mortared stone facings and possible revetted on the outside (Wallace 1981, 113; Thomas 1992, 2, 79-80). Partly extant above ground, remainder outlined at ground level (Clarke 2002, 20). (314894 233886)(71) Cornmarket: Excavations in 1992 revealed a section of the Anglo-Norman Ditch (D 6m) with fills dating from the 13th to 15th centuries (Hayden 1993, 20-21). It had a timber revetment on the upper slope. Documentary sources suggest it was a dry ditch (Simpson 2000, 44; Clarke 2002, 20). (DU018-020713-) (314905 233856)(72) Cornmarket: Excavations in 1991 outside the medieval city wall exposed the outer W edgeof the fosse of the city wall (Wth 20-25m, D.6m). It produced 13th-17th century material (Halpen 1992, 12-13, Hayden 1993, 20-21; Hayden 2000, 84-116). (73) Castle St: The section of city wall between Pool Gate and Genevals Tower (L c 50m , H 8.5m, wall T c. 2m) was partly rebuilt in the late 12th century. Portion extant below ground level 2002 (Clarke 2002, 20). (DU018-020715-)(74) A section of city wall between Sarsefields Tower to Sedgraves Tower (L 100m, H 5m, T 1.5m). Wall with rampier and buttress in 1585. Portion extant, marker plaque 2002 (Clarke 2002, 20). (314956 233880)(75) A section of city wall between Sedgraves Tower and Fagan's Tower (L28m H 5m,T 1.5m). With rampier and buttress in 1585. Portion extant 2002 (Clarke 2002, 20). (76) Kevin Street: Clarke mentions a section of town wall, aligned N-S, and built c. 1120. Implied in E gate (Clarke 2002, 20). The exact location of it is unknown. (315506 233295)(77) Kevin Street Lower: Excavations in 1997 uncovered a ditch running E-W (D.0.84m,Wth 2.34m) with steep sides and a flat base (Mc Conway 1998,46). (315263 234069)(78) Fishamble Street: Clarke mentions the former existence of a gate at Fishamble Street in 1317 (2002, 21). Marker plaque on site in 2002. (79) Clarke mentions the existence of a city ditch outside city wall which was present in 1559 (Clarke 2002, 21). The exact location of this is unknown. (80) The section of city wall between St Nicholas's Gate and Sarsefield's Tower Wall (L c. 100m', T 1.20m ) with rampier, buttress 1585. Portion extant below ground level, marker plaques 2002 (Clarke 2002, 20). (315187 233799)(81) Dublin Castle? Excavations in 1993 revealed a section of town wall of c. 1140 date (H 2.60m, Wth 1m) with a batter towards its base. It had a plinth both within and without faced with rectangular blocks of masonry and a rubble core. Demolished to ground level in the late 12th century. Partly replaced by Genevals Tower in early 13th century (Walsh 2001,108-11, Clarke 2002, 20). (DU018-020726-)(314819 234145)(82) Excavations in 1991 exposed a section of city Wall (L14m,Wth 1.80m, H 1.70m, associated with a river front wall and a medieval town wall. Built of coursed masonry. It had been used as a foundation for later buildings (Swan 2000,126-158). (315276 233858) (83) Werburgh St: Excavations in 1999 at 14-15 Werburgh Street revealed a sequence of defences on the S side of the town, dating from the 10th century. The earliest was a clay bank (H 0.9m, Wth 5m. The remains of two city walls, orientated E-W were exposed, the earlier dated to c. 1100 was demolished and re-used as a foundation for a replacement wall in the late 12th century (Simpson 2002, 77; Clarke 2002, 20). (84) Winetavern Street: A section of medieval town wall (Wth c. 2m wide at base) built of coursed limestone masonry on N. face was revealed during pre-development testing in 1989 (Mc Mahon 1990, 21). Largely extant in modified form 2002 (Clarke 2002, 20). (314957 233798)(85) The site is located between what was the medieval Fair Green to the north and the abbey of St Francis to the south, which occupied the present-day site of the church of St Nicholas of Myra. Excavations in 2000 investigated the area of the medieval city ditch underneath the west market. The upper fill of the ditch was located along with a length of its outer edge. The upper fills are associated with a cut that adheres to the notional line of the western edge of the city ditch. Six separate fills were recorded, yielding over 280 sherds of medieval pottery, including Dublin-type coarseware dating to the last quarter of the 12th century. The cut truncated a masonry structure in calp limestone, which survived to five courses on the north elevation. The structure has been interpreted as a bridge abutment or a mill (Myles 2002, 86-7). (86) Ross Road/Derby Square: Archaeological investigations close to Ross Road and Derby Square in 1989 revealed the town ditch. Remains of the medieval city wall were revealed, at a depth of 6.5m below present ground level, located some 20m to the north of the supposed line of the city wall as indicated by previous research (Gowen1990, 22). (87) Cornmarket/Thomas Street West: Newgate built c. 1177 had a circular tower at each corner with a gate and portcullis in between. In 1285 the city gaol was established here (Healy 1973, 19). In 1620 a portion of the gate had fallen down. Repairs were carried out throughout the 17th century. It was used as a prison until 1780 and in 1788 it was demolished (Healy 1973, 20). Part of the tower was preserved by the corporation until 1932 (UASDC, Vol. VIII, I, 49; FMD map 1978, B4). (315000233849)(88) Lamb Alley: Test excavations at Mother Redcap's Market revealed a faced blackstone wall underneath the market wall. This appeared to be the remains of the medieval city wall (Kehoe 2004,12). Further excavations in 2003 exposed medieval deposits which produced 15/16th century pottery(Cotter. c. 2006,122-3). (314882 234201)(89) Church St: Known as Ostman's Gate. Described as a stone gate c. 1185. Possibly demolished in c. 1317 (Clarke 2002, 21, E9). (315257 233864)(90) Excavations in 1992, on the Jury's Hotel site, revealed the remains of the town wall (H 3.5m). This comprised a mortared rubble core of wall, the facing stones had been robbed. The wall was thought to be pre-Norman in date and analogous to that uncovered at Wood quay and dated to AD 1100 (Hayden, A 1993, 20). Close by, three levels of houses and laneways and a fourth level of pits were investigated. Post and wattle buildings aligned at right angles to a laneway that ran SW-NE were uncovered. The finds indicated a 11th- early 12th century date. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 23 August 2012
- DU018-020002: Mural tower (Historic Town), https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020002-. Dublin Castle: Known as the 'Store House Tower' or the' Powder Tower' this was formerly located at the NE corner of Dublin Castle. Excavations in 1985-86 uncovered most of the base of the circular tower, sitting on bedrock associated with 14th century layers producing pottery and coins. It overlay a section of rampart that enclosed the Viking town. A section of medieval wall abutted the Powder Tower (Lynch and Manning 1987, 178; Healy 1973, 16). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 23 November 2022
- DU018-020003: Mural tower (Historic Town), https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020003-. Dublin Castle: Stands at the SE corner of Dublin Castle. Variously known as the 'Record Tower', the' Black Tower' and the 'Wardrobe Tower'. Under construction c. 1228; restored and re roofed c. 1566. It is a massive circular tower, three storeys high. Battlements were added in 1819 (FMD map, 1978, A3). Extant in modified form 2002 (Lynch and Manning 2001, 169-204; Clarke 2002, 22). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 23 November 2022
- DU018-020004: Mural tower (Historic Town), https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020004-. Dublin Castle: This was a small turret which was located midway along the S curtain wall which forms part of the Dublin City wall. It was three storeys high in 1585; demolished c. 1766 and a polygonal tower erected on the site (Healy 1973, 17; Clarke 2002, 22). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 23 November 2022
- DU018-020005: Mural tower (Historic Town), https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020005-. Dublin Castle: Tower abutting W side of Bermingham tower, square tower, early 13th (Lynch and Manning 1986, 18) little square tower, 3 storeys 1585. Lowest courses extant below ground level 2002 (Clarke 2002, 22, D19). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 23 November 2022
- DU018-020006: Mural tower (Historic Town), https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020006-. 'Stanihurst's Tower' on the N side of Little Ship Street was a mural tower located to the E of Pole Gate [DU018-020021-] which defended the city wall (DU018-020007) of Dublin. Known as 'Stanihurst's Tower' after James Stanihurst, recorder of Dublin, who owned the adjoining property. This tower was described in 1585 as follows; 'From Bremyghams towre to Stanirste [h]is towre is 196 foote [60m] distant, whereof there is next the said Bremyghams towre 64 foote [19.5m] within the castell diche not rampered, and from thens to Stanirste [h]is towre, beinge 132 foote [40m], is sufficientlie rampiered, and firme grounde 20 foote [6m] hie from the foundacion of the wall, which wall is 28 foote [8.5m] hie, wherof 8 foote [2.4m] is abowe the said rampier besydes the garettes and 7 foote [2.1m] thicke. The said Stanirste [h]is towre is rounde withowt the wall and skware within, three stories hie, with three tymber loftes, and in the loer storie three lowpes [loops], in the second storie one lowpe, and in the third storie twoe lowps, the wall 6 foote [1.8m] thicke, 19 foote [5.8m] sqware within, and the towre 46 foote [14m] hie besydes the garettes. From Stanhurst [h]is towre to the Pole gate [DU018-020021-] is 168 foote [51m] distant, and the wall and rampier agreinge in like height and thicknis as the other parte of the said wall and rampier aforsaide' (CARD Vol. 2, 551). The remains still survive on the N side of Ship Street. They are round outside the city wall; square inside the wall and stand three storeys high (H c. 14.5m, T c. 1.8m). It was refaced in the 19th century and has a thick base batter. A section of city wall survives either side of it (Healy 1973, 18). This S stretch of town wall (L 85m, H 5m) leads up to the boundary of Dublin Castle. It is built of coursed masonry and battered towards the extra-mural street level, which is on the fosse site (Thomas 1992, Vol. 2, 80; Clarke, Dent and Johnson 2002, 32). Extant in modified form 2002 (Clarke 2002, 21). See attached Google Street Maps photos of section of Dublin City wall and polygonal shaped mural tower. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 28 April 2023
- DU018-020007: Mural tower (Historic Town), https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020007-. Geneval's (Genevel's/Genevelles) Tower on the N side of Ross Road was a mural tower on Dublin City wall standing between Pole Gate (DU018-020021-) 100m to the ENE and St Nicholas' Gate (DU018-020022-) 70m to the WSW. This mural tower on the Dublin City walls (DU018-020001-) was described in 1585 as follows; 'From the Pole gate [DU018-020021-] to the towre caled Genevels towre, nowe in Mr. Parkins pocession, is 186 foote [57m] distant, and the wall and rampier agreinge in licke height and thicknis as the other parte of the said wall and rampier aforsaid. The said Geneviels towre is rounde without the wall, and sqware within, three stories hie, with twoe timber loftes, and in the loer storie one lowpe [loop], in the second storie one lardge lowpe, and the wall 8 foote [2.4m] thicke and 12 foote [3.6m] sqware in one waye, and 16 foote [4.9m] another waye, and the towre 46 foote [14m] hie. From Geneviels towre to Saint Nicholas gate [DU018-020022-] is 252 foote [77m] distant, and the wall and rampier agreinge in licke height and thicknis as the other parte of the said wall and rampier aforsaid' (CARD Vol. 2, 552). Substantial remains of Geneval's Tower was recorded during excavations in 1992. Remains comprise a rectangular structure attached on either side to the sections of city wall. It probably had an outer element. This replaced an earlier stone wall built in the early 12th century which had itself succeeded a Viking bank of 10th century date (Healy 1973, 18; Clarke 2002, 21; Walsh 1994, 16-17; Walsh 2001, 112). The Dublin Assembly Roll of 1603-04 recorded that; 'Richard Durninge, gentleman, made Richard petycion to have severall interestes in revercion uppon severall parcelles he holdeth of this cittie, videlicet, the tower near Genevelles Inns' (CARD Vol. 2, 417). The results of excavations undertaken in 1993 by Claire Walsh and Alan Hayden under licence No. 93E0129 were summarised as follows; 'This small excavation was carried out both in and to the south of the area excavated by Claire Walsh and Alan Hayden (No. 59 ). It was carried out as enabling works prior to the construction of an elaborate sub-surface, crypt-like, viewing structure. In order to prepare the site for the earth-retaining walls of the viewing enclosure, some of the 'steps' at the edges of the above excavation cutting had to be reduced in level. Also the unexcavated, southern portion of the tower interior had to be reduced in level by approximately 1m. The results of the exercise yielded no new features, but it provided an opportunity to expose more of the tower walls and the northern face of the pre-Norman wall for photography and detailed elevation drawings. Also, features revealed in the earlier excavation were followed and recorded, in particular a small portion of a foundation structure abutting the tower, thought to possibly be the foundations of Geneval's Inns. The finds included pottery and floor tiles, iron nails and rivets, a small copper alloy 'boss' and several fragments of leather, one worked' (Excavations.ie 1993:060 - Geneval's Tower, Dublin; https://excavations.ie/report/1993/Dublin/0001438/). See attached Speed's 1610 Map of Dublin City showing Geneval's Tower standing on the city walls between Pole Gate labelled No. 39 to the E and St Nicholas Gate labelled No. 45 to the W Compiled by: Caimin O'Brien Date of upload: 28 April 2023
- DU018-020008: Mural tower (Historic Town), https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020008-. Sarsfield's Tower at No.10 John Dillon Street. This mural tower on the Dublin City walls (DU018-020001-) was described in 1585 as follows; 'From Saint Nicholas gate [DU018-020022-] to the towre in sir William Sarsfelds possession is 312 foote [95m] distant, whereof there is 74 foote [22.5m], nexte adjoyninge unto Saint Nicholas gate, of the wall but 16 foote [4.9m] hie, and the firme grounde 9 foote [2.7m] hie within the said wall and the reste beinge 238 foote [72.5m] is fowre foote and a halfe [1.4m] thicke, 16 foote [4.9m] hie besydes the garettes and a rampier within of 15 foote [4.5m] thicke and nere as hie as the wall in the insyde, besydes the buttris which is from the botom of the diche [ditch] to the fundation of the wall 19 foott [5.8m] goode, by estimacion. The said towre in Sir William Sarsfeldes pocession, is a demy rounde towre fylled with earthe, and nether vawte [vault] nor lofte, with fowre lowps [loops], 11 foote [3.3m] sqware within the towre, and the wall fowre foote [1.2m] demy thicke and 16 foote [4.9m] hie evin with the wall befor. From the towre in Sir William Sarsfeldes pocession to the smale towre [DU018-0208009-] in the pocession of Mr. Christofer Sedgrave is 340 foote [103m] distant, and the wall and rampier with the buttris withowte the said wall, agreinge in licke height and thicknes as the other parte of the said wall, rampier, and buttris afor mencioned. savinge that there is no rampier within 80 foote [24m] next adjoyning to the said towre in Mr. Sedgraves pocession' (CARD Vol. 2, 552-3). No.10 John Dillon Street: Known as the Round Tower or Sarsefield's Tower. The position of this tower is indicated on a deed map of 1780 which locates the site behind No. 10 John Dillon Street. It was a relatively low half round tower (H 4.5m) and was filled with earth. In 1585 it was held by Sir Willaim Sarsefield (Healy 1973, 19; Clarke 2002, 21). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 23 November 2022
- DU018-020009: Mural tower (Historic Town), https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020009-. Sedgrave's Tower in Lamb Alley (Back Lane/Rochelle Street) located between St Nicholas' Gate and the New Gate on Dublin City Walls. In 1259 The Dublin White Book recorded a grant to; 'Master Hugh de Kyngesbury, during his life, their tower in Rochelle street, with all easements and appurtenances. Reservation of free entry and exit in time of war' (CARD Vol. 1, 101). This mural tower on the Dublin City walls (DU018-020001-) was described in 1585 as follows; 'From the towre [DU018-0208008-] in Sir William Sarsfeldes pocession to the smale towre in the pocession of Mr. Christofer Sedgrave is 340 foote [103m] distant, and the wall and rampier with the buttris withowte the said wall, agreinge in licke height and thicknes as the other parte of the said wall, rampier, and buttris afor mencioned. savinge that there is no rampier within 80 foote [24m] next adjoyning to the said towre in Mr. Sedgraves pocession. The said towre in Mr. Sedgraves pocession is a demy rounde towre with twoe vawtes [vaults], one eqwall with the wall, with three lowps [loops] the other witha paire of stayres going upe unto it from the wall, and covered for a fewe to stand upon, with a garet abowt, and 11 foot [3.3m] long one waye, and 6 foott [1.8m] another waye, the towre 26 foot [8m] hie and fowre foote [1.2m] thicke. From the towre in Mr. Sedgraves pocession to the towre [DU018-020010-] in Mr. Richard Fagan his pocession is 90 foote [27.4m] distant, and the wall agreeing in like height and thicknis as aforsaid, and no rampier within the said parte of the wall, but the licke buttris withowt as befor' (CARD Vol. 2, 553). Lamb Alley; Known as Sedgraves Tower as Christopher Sedgrave occupied the tower in 1585 (Healy 1973, 19). It was two storeys high and formerly accessible by a stairs which ran from the town wall (Clarke 2002, 21). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 28 April 2023
- DU018-020010: Mural tower (Historic Town), https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020010-. The Watch Tower or Fagan's Tower stood on the N side of Lamb Alley between Sedgrave's Tower (DU018-020009-) and the New Gate (DU018-020377-) on Dublin City Walls. This mural tower on the Dublin City walls (DU018-020001-) was described in 1585 as follows; 'From the towre [DU018-020009-] in Mr. Sedgraves pocession to the towre in Mr. Richard Fagan his pocession is 90 foote [27.4m] distant, and the wall agreeing in like height and thicknis as aforsaid, and no rampier within the said parte of the wall, but the licke buttris withowt as befor. The said towre in Mr. Fagans pocession is a rounde towre withowte, and sqware within, and nether vawte [vault] nor lofte, but a waye going upe unto the tope, beinge ten foote [3m] sqware upon the tope, with a garett and fyve lowps [loops] in the waye going upe, and the towre 32 foote [9.8m] hie and 2 foote [0.6m] thicke, besydes the thicknis of the stayres. From the towre in Mr. Fagans pocession to the sowth-easte towre of the Newe gate [DU018-020377-] is 120 foote [36.5m] distant, the wall 17 foote [5.2m] hie and fyve foote [1.5m] thicke, and no rampier within the said wall, but howses joyning close to the said wall within, and the licke buttris withowt the said wall, as the other parte of the said wall hawe befor' (CARD Vol. 2, 553). Lamb Alley: Known as the Watch tower or Fagan's Tower because the sentry stood there watching over Newgate Gaol (DU018-020757-). This building was located on the N side of Lambe Alley. It had an upper chamber accessible by stairs (H 7.5m). In 1618 Alderman Thaddy Duff was given a lease at an annual rate of two shillings (Healy 1973, 19). The results of an excavation on the suggested site of Fagan's Castle by Tim Coughlan under licence no. 96E0300 were summarised as follows; 'A pre-development excavation commenced at the site in mid-October 1996 and continued until mid-March 1997. The excavated area consisted of a 6m-wide trench running east-west for approximately 32m between Back Lane and Lamb Alley. The archaeological deposits were sealed by an average of 0.4m of overburden with only minor cellar disturbance. The entire excavation area was excavated to subsoil. Seven phases of activity were recorded. Phase I-postholes, pits, gullies, and a clay bank Phase II-cultivation Phase III-expansion of the clay bank Phase IV-post-and-wattle structures Phase V-stave-built structures Phase VI-later medieval activity Phase VII-post-medieval activity' (www.excavations.ie 1997:105). During the excavation, part of a mortared masonry structure of possible medieval date was identified in the western half of the area (Area X). It is possible that the structure uncovered represents the remains of a mural tower on the city wall' (Coughlan 1999, 61). Coughlan, T. 1999 Archaeological Report: Excavations at Back Lane, Dublin 8. Unpublished archaeological report (96E0300) for Zoe Developments Ltd.. Submitted to the National Monuments Service, Dublin. See attached images taken from Coughlan 1999. To see a video of this section of the city wall see following RTE archive footage at https://www.rte.ie/archives/2020/0505/1136521-old-city-wall-dublin/ Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 28 April 2023
- DU018-020011: Mural tower (Historic Town), https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020011-. Fitzsymon's (Fitzsimon's) Tower later called Brown's Castle stood 60m to the N of the New Gate (DU018-020377-) standing between the New Gate to the S and Gormond's (Wormwood/Ormonde) Gate (DU018-020029-) 40m to the N. The tower stood between Bridge Street Upper and St. Augustine Street and prior to the 13th-century may have stood on the corner of Dublin City Walls. In 1261 the Dublin White Book recorded a grant to; 'John Garget, citizen: A tower upon Gurmund's Gate [DU018-020029-], and the tower which is situated in the corner of the old wall of the city, in the lower part of the plantation of William the Clerk, towards the south, with all the adjacent land appertaining to the city and lying between the tower upon Gurmund's Gate, and the abovenamed tower, towards the south, and between the new wall of the city, towards the west, and the land which Walter Tailor held from the city, towards the east' (CARD Vol. 1, 94). The Dublin White Book recorded a grant to; 'Roger Esseburn, citizen: A tower between the tower on Gurhmund's Gate and the tower on the New Gate, with all the city ground, between Gurhmund's Gate and that tower, on both sides of the wall, and between the new wall of the city, towards the west, and the land which Walter Tailor formerly held, towards the east' (CARD Vol. 1, 126). In 1492 the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded a grant to; 'Reynold Talbot, merchaunt, have, occupie and enjoy the toure betwyx the New Gate and Gormonds Gate to hym and to his assignes duryng the terme of lx. yere next ensuyng the forsaid day and yere, payng yereli therfor to the saide citte vi.d. at ii. festes of the yere, Ester and Mighalmas, by even [porcions]; soe that the said Reynold doe make a rofe of tymmyr of oke over the said toure coverette with bordes within the first ii. yere of the said terme [at] the propre costes of the said Rynold. And that eny graunt, yift or acte made of the said toure, by auctorite of assemble or otherwise, to eny person or persones before ys tyme, be utterly voide and of none effect in lawe. And that the saide Reynold, his heirs and assignes, leve the said toure stiff and stanch at the end of the said terme sufficientli covered' (CARD Vol. 1, 377). Fitzsimon's Tower on the Dublin City walls (DU018-020001-) was described in 1585 as follows; 'From the northe towre of the Newe gate [DU018-020377-] to the towre in Mr. Nicholas Fitzsymons pocession is 180 foote [55m] distant, the wall 4 foote [1.2m] thicke and 22 foote [6.7m] hie, with a buttris withowte as befor, and no rampier within but howses close joyning to the wall within. The said towre in Mr. FitzSymons pocession is a sqware towre, fowre storie hie, with three loftes and no vawte [vault], 2 lowps [loops] in the loer storie, three lowps in the second storie, fowre lowps in the third storie, and fowre lowps in the fowrthe storie, the towre 32 foote [9.8m] hie, sixten foote [4.9m] sqware, and three foote [0.9m] thicke. From the towre in Mr. Fitzsymons pocession to Gormondes gate [DU018-020029-] is 140 foote [43m] distant, the wall 20 foote [6m] hie, and 5 foote [1.5m] thicke, and no rampier within, with a buttris withowte as befor' (CARD Vol. 2, 554). Gilbert (1854, vol. 1, 262) recorded that; 'In the early part of the seventeenth century this tower was styled "Browne's Castle," from its proprietor, Richard Browne, who kept his mayoralty in 1614, 1615, and 1620, in this building, in a back room of which the proscribed Roman Catholic Priests used to celebrate Mass privately in the reign of James I. Browne's Castle was subsequently converted into an inn, which acquired the name of the "Black Dog," from the sign of a Talbot or hound there suspended'. Known as Fitzsymon's Tower in 1585 or 'Brown's castle' after Richard Brown who was Lord mayor in 1614, 1615 and 1620 (Clarke 2002, 21). The castle or mural tower was illustrated by Hooper and Newton for Francis Grose in 1791. No surface remains visible. See attached drawing of Brown's Castle taken from Francis Grose's Antiquities of Ireland. Compiled by: Caimin O'Brien Date of upload: 28 April 2023
- DU018-020012: Mural tower (Historic Town), https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020012-. Harbard's Tower located between Bridge Street Upper and St. Augustine Street standing on the S bank of the River Liffey and 100m N of Gormond's Gate (DU018-020029-). Mural tower described in the Urban Survey of Dublin as; 'There was a distance of 103 yards between Gormond's Gate and this tower. It was two storeys high and the upper storey was vaulted. It was situated at the rear of the Brazen Head in Bridge Street' (Bradley and King 1987, Vol. 1, 50-1). This mural tower on the Dublin city walls (DU018-020001-) was described in 1585 as follows; 'From Gormondes gate [DU018-020029-] to a towre in William Harbardeg pocession is 308 foote [94m] distant. The said towre in Wiliam Harbardes pocession is sqware towre, towe storie hie the loer storie is a timber lofte with three lowps [loops]; the other storie is vawted [vaulted] over with three lowps. The towre is sqware, 16 foote [4.9m] one waye, and 10 foote [3m] another waye, and the wall 5 foote [1.5m] thicke and 32 foote [9.75m] hie. From the towre in William Harbardes pocession to Mr. William Ushers howse [DU018-020013-] is 140 foote [43m] distant, the wall 14 foote [4.3m] hie, and 5 foote [1.5m] thicke, and no rampier within nor buttris withowte' (CARD Vol. 2, 554-5). In that same year the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded a grant to; 'Thomas Chyvers, merchant, shall have a lese for tearme of threskore and one yeares, in reversion, uppon a towre in the backsyde of the howse wherin Mr. James Bellewe, alderman, did dwell in Brydgstret, payeing per annum to the cittie two shillinges, sterling, under suche condicions as shalbe inserted in his lese (CARD Vol. 2, 194). On the 8th of November in 1598 the Civic Regulations for the Defence of Dublin stated that; 'At a meeting this day of the Mayor and aldermen it was resolved, for the more safety of this city, that the several gates shall be shut every night at five of the clock, and the wickets stand open till six, and then the keys to be brought to the Mayor. And, for the better warning to be given to all men to take knowledge hereof, the Mayor is to make proclamation and will all Saint Audoens [DU018-020075-] bells to knoll, to begin half an hour later and hold till six, by which those that have charge of the keys may the better keep their time of bringing the same to the Mayor, etc. It was likewise agreed that twenty-four faithful and sufficient men should be hired by the several wards within the city to watch the walls and gates in the form following, videlicet: at either gate two, whereof one to be placed at the top of the gate, at the castle of the Crane one man; upon the tower in Mr. Stanihursts background [DU018-020006-] one man; upon the tower [DU018-020007-] at Jenevylls Inns, one man; upon the wall betwixt Saint Nicholas gate [DU018-020022-] and New gate [DU018-020377-] in three several places most convenient, three men; uppon the tower in John Cars background, one man; uppon the tower in the Widow Habards background, one man; and the little new tower [DU018-020013-] in Mr. Ushers background, one man; which men, being furnished with armour and weapons, shall begin the watch every night at six, and continue till six in the morning; they shall be visited and searched every night by one sufficient man, to be chosen and agreed upon to be captain of the watch, and he to call them forth at the hour aforesaid, and see them placed in form above mentioned. It is thought also meet and resolved that twenty-four men shall attend every night upon the man that shall be appointed to visit the watch, which shall come by turns upon the inhabitants of the city, and the said captain to visit the watch at the gates and walls every hour lest they should neglect their charge; the standing watch to be [supplied with] shot, and the rounning watch to be [supplied with] shot, and pikes to be furnished by their several wards' (CARD Vol. 3, 527-8). St Augustine St: Formerly located at the rear of the Brazen Head Hotel in Bridge Street and known as Harbard's Tower. It was two storeys high with the upper storey vaulted (H c. 10m, Wall T 1.65m). It was held in 1584 by Thomas Cheyvers; in 1585 by William Harbard; in 1598 by the widow Harbard and in 1605 by Christopher Cosgrave (Healy 1973, 20). Shown on Speeds map 1610 (Clarke 2002, 21). See attached section of Speed's 1610 Map of Dublin City showing Harbard's Tower standing to the N of Gormond's Gate labelled No. 29 and on the S bank of the River Liffey Compiled by: Caimin O'Brien Date of upload: 7 July 2023
- DU018-020013: Mural tower (Historic Town), https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020013-. Usher's House also known in the 16th-century as Mr William Usher's House was either a medieval house/castle of 14th century date that was possibly rebuilt or refortified with a 16th-century mural tower standing on Dublin City walls approximately 30m to the W of the Bridge Gate (DU018-020030-) and 30m NE of Harbard's Tower (DU018-020012-). The Historic Atlas of Dublin City recorded that Usher's House on the S side of Usher's Quay was 'Crenellated and turreted tower at corner of city wall' to be built 1310 and to be completed in 1331 (Clarke 2008, 21). Described in the Urban Survey of Dublin as; 'The distance between the tower and Usher's house was 47 yards. It was situated at or near the north-west corner of the city wall, where it met the Liffey. In 1310 Geoffrey de Mortone was granted permission to build a tower at the town end of the bridge of Dublin, and another at the corner of the town wall west of the bridge, and between them to build a fortified house (Healy 1973, 20) (Bradley and King 1987, 51). In 1560 the Dublin Assembly Roll made an agreement; 'that John Ussher shall have [of] the dydche of the cittie so moche as lyeth against his garden and orcharde during his lyfe, he keaping the same cleane and full of watyr contynuallie' (CARD Vol. 2, 12). In 1566 the Dublin Assembly Roll made an agreement; 'that Mr. John Ussher shall have the towne diche joyninge unto his orcharde on the west side of the towne wall for terme of lxi. yeres, paieng yerelie iiii.d. to the treasorer for the tyme being, and the said John making yt clene, to kepe yt replenished with water contynuallie (CARD Vol. 2, 44). Mr William Usher's House was described in 1585 as follows; 'From the towre [DU018-020012-] in William Harbardes pocession to Mr. William Ushers howse is 140 foote [43m] distant, the wall 14 foote [4.3m] hie, and 5 foote [1.5m] thicke, and no rampier within nor buttris withowte The wall of one syde of the said Mr. Ushers howse to the Bridge gatte [DU018-020030-] is 104 foote [32m], the wall 4 foote [1.2m] thicke, and 19 foote [6m] hie, and the grounde is firme 5 foote [1.5m] hie within the said wall, and the Liffie goethe hard by, and at every ful sea it floes upe against the said wall, being a springe tyde' (CARD Vol. 2, 555). On the 8th of November in 1598 the Civic Regulations for the Defence of Dublin stated that; 'At a meeting this day of the Mayor and aldermen it was resolved, for the more safety of this city, that the several gates shall be shut every night at five of the clock, and the wickets stand open till six, and then the keys to be brought to the Mayor. And, for the better warning to be given to all men to take knowledge hereof, the Mayor is to make proclamation and will all Saint Audoens [DU018-020075-] bells to knoll, to begin half an hour later and hold till six, by which those that have charge of the keys may the better keep their time of bringing the same to the Mayor, etc. It was likewise agreed that twenty-four faithful and sufficient men should be hired by the several wards within the city to watch the walls and gates in the form following, videlicet: at either gate two, whereof one to be placed at the top of the gate, at the castle of the Crane one man; upon the tower in Mr. Stanihursts background [DU018-020006-] one man; upon the tower [DU018-020007-] at Jenevylls Inns, one man; upon the wall betwixt Saint Nicholas gate [DU018-020022-] and New gate [DU018-020377-] in three several places most convenient, three men; uppon the tower in John Cars background, one man; uppon the tower in the Widow Habards background, one man; and the little new tower [DU018-020013-] in Mr. Ushers background, one man; which men, being furnished with armour and weapons, shall begin the watch every night at six, and continue till six in the morning; they shall be visited and searched every night by one sufficient man, to be chosen and agreed upon to be captain of the watch, and he to call them forth at the hour aforesaid, and see them placed in form above mentioned. It is thought also meet and resolved that twenty-four men shall attend every night upon the man that shall be appointed to visit the watch, which shall come by turns upon the inhabitants of the city, and the said captain to visit the watch at the gates and walls every hour lest they should neglect their charge; the standing watch to be [supplied with] shot, and the rounning watch to be [supplied with] shot, and pikes to be furnished by their several wards' (CARD Vol. 3, 527-8). Compiled by: Caimin O'Brien Date of upload: 7 July 2023
- DU018-020014: Mural tower (Historic Town), https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020014-. Prickett's Tower stood beside a medieval quay on the S bank of the Rive Liffey along Merchant's Quay, c. 250m to the E of Bridge Gate (DU018-020030-) which would place the tower at the junction between Winetavern Street and Merchant's Quay which is 250m to the E of Bridge Gate. In the late 13th century the Dublin White Book recorded a grant to; 'John la Warre : A tower, with appurtenances, on the bank, outside of and opposite to the King's Gate. In perpetuity. Reservation of ingress and egress. Annual rent, half a mark of silver. Under common seal; attested by commonalty' (CARD Vol. 1, 90). In 1285 the Dublin White Book recorded a grant to; 'To their fellow-citizen, William de Bristol:particle of ground on the bank, containing twenty feet, from the stone tower towards the west as far as the citizens' land on the east, and extending from the kay towards the south to the foot of the said tower on the water of Auenlif [Liffey] towards the north. Annual rent, three shillings of silver' (CARD Vol. 1, 105-6). In 1322 the Dublin White Book recorded; 'On Friday next after [November 30] the festival of St. Andrew the Apostle, in the sixteenth year of the reign of King Edward [II], Robert de Notyngham came into the full city Assembly and surrendered to the Mayor, commonalty, etc., a place on the water, contiguous to the tower towards the east, and formerly held by Wulfran of Bristol, who had it from the commonalty at the annual rent of three shillings. The commonalty accepted the surrender' (CARD Vol. 1, 118). This mural tower on the Dublin City walls was described in 1585 as follows; 'From the Bridge gate [DU018-020030-] along the Marchaunt Key to Prickettes towre is 843 foote [257m] distant, and the Key [Quay] 9 foote [2.7m] hie from the chanell to the pavment. The said towre in Prickettes pocession is a sqware towre, with a towret [turret] in the tope on the easte syde; the towre 30 foote [9m] sqware one waye, and 28 foote [8.5m] the other waye the wall three foote fowre inches [1m] thicke and 34 foote [10m] hie, and no heightes but one timber lofte in the sqware, and towe small vawtes [vaults] in the towret, and no lowps but a window to the easte syde. From Prickettes towre alonge the Woode Key to Mr Fianes castell [DU018-020015-] is 356 foote [108m] distant, and the Key agreing in height from the chanell to the pavment as befor' (CARD Vol. 2, 555). Mural Tower described in the Urban Survey of Dublin City as follows; 'From the Bridge Gate along Merchant's Quay to Pricketts's Tower was 281 yards. The wall seems to have been absent here. Prickett's Tower is probably to be identified with the tower "on the bank outside and opposite to the King's Gate granted to John le Warre in the thirteenth century. In 1585 it was occupied by a Mr. Prickett, and hence the name. The tower was situated at the foot of Winetavern Street; it was thirty-four feet high with a turret on top' (Bradley and King 1987, Vol. 1, 51-2). Merchant's Quay/ Winetavern Street/Wood Quay: In the 13th century a tower is mentioned here when it was granted to John le Warre (Clarke 2002, 21). Known as 'Prickett's tower' after the occupier in 1585 (Healy 1973, 21). At this time it was a rectangular tower (ext. dims. L 9m x Wth 8.4m x H 10.2m; wall T 1.02m). It had a timber loft and a turret on its E side. Probably damaged in the gunpowder explosion of March 1597 (De Courcy 1996, 314-15). No surface remains visible. See attached Speed's 1610 Map of Dublin City showing Merchant's Quay labelled No. 9 and the junction with Winetavern Street labelled No. 25, Wood Quay No. 8 and Fian's Castle No. 7 which was c. 110m to the E of Prickett's Tower. Compiled by: Caimin O'Brien Date of upload: 7 July 2023
- DU018-020015: Mural tower (Historic Town), https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020015-. Fyan's Castle at the E end of Wood Quay depicted on Speed’s 1610 map of Dublin City where it is shown standing on the N line of the Dublin City walls running parallel to the S bank of the River Liffey (Clarke 2002, 21). Annotated 'Fyan's Cas. (Site of)' on 1863 ed. OSi 25-inch map. In 1305 Ordinances by the Common Council of Dublin described this building as; ‘the small tower opposite St. Olave’s church (DU018-020087-)’ (CARD Vol. 1, 223) located on Fishamble Street. The castle or mural tower was described as standing over the ‘fish slip’ on the S bank of the River Liffey. In 1456 the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded a grant to; ‘Jhon Marcus, marchand, schold have the towyr ovre the fysh slype ycalled for xxx. yere, beryng therfor vi.d. yerely, and the sayd Jhon shall repeyre sayd towyr and slype yn all plase wher hyt ys nedfull with lym and scand, and so to kepe hite upe styf and stanch duryng the terme forsayde. And yf hyt be unbylyt aftyr the fyrst yere, that than the Mayre and Baylyfys for the tyme beyng shold require hym to repeyre hit within iii. monthys aftyr the requisicion; and yf he do not, that hyt be laufull to the Mayre and Baylyfys for the tym being to entre into the said towyr, etc.’ (CARD Vol. 1, 290). In 1557 the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded an agreement with ‘Mr. Richard Fyand, Aldreman of the cittie of Dublin, shall have the towre over the slypp by Fitz Symonds house (DU018-020016-) upon the Wod Key, to hym and his heyres in fee ferme, paing xviiid. By the yere to the tresorie, with suche condicions as the lerned counsaill of the cittie shall thinke convenyent to be inserted in the said graunt’ (CARD Vol. 1, 469). In 1571 the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded an agreement that ‘two pryvies shalbe buylded and made by the masters of the cytties wourckes upon the chardges of the cyttie, one by easte Mr. Fyans new towre and thother over the myll stream without Gormondes gate [DU018-020029-]’ (CARD Vol. 2, 71). Fyan’s Castle on the city walls was described in 1585 as follows; 'From Prickettes towre [DU018-020014-] alonge the Woode Key [Wood Quay] to Mr Fianes castell is 356 foote [108m] distant, and the Key agreing in height from the chanell to the pavment as befor. The said Mr. Fians castell is a sqware towre, fowre storie hie, 38 foote [11.6m] sq ware nne waye, and 20 foote [6m] another waye, towe spickes or lowps [loops] in the loer storne, and windoes in every of the other rowmes; the wall fowre foote [1.2m] thicke and 42 foote [12.8m] hie, and the grounde firme, 8 foote [2.4m] hie from the chanell within the castell. From Mr. Fians castell to a smale towre [DU018-020016-] in the pocession of Fitzsymon, of Balmadroght, is 144 foote [44m] distant, and the pavment from the channell agreing in height as the Key befor' (CARD Vol. 2, 555-6). Castle described in the Urban Survey of Dublin City as; ‘This was located at the bottom of Fishamble Street, some 119 yards along Wood Quay from Prickett’s Tower [DU018-020014-]. It is first mentioned in 1305 and was some four stroyes high. In 1557 the castle was granted to Richard Fyan. In 1605 some adjoining land was reclaimed by Richard Proudfoote and the tower was subsequently known as Proudfoote’s castle’ (Bradley and King 1987, Vol. 1, 52). According to Gilbert (1854, Vol. 1, 375); ‘The Fyans were citizens of high importance in Dublin in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. John Fyan was Mayor in 1472 and 1479; Thomas Fyan, Sheriff in 1540; and the hospitality of Richard Fyan, Mayor in 1549 and 1564, has been extolled by local chroniclers. Robert Barnewall, fifth Lord Trimleston, married, in 1559, Anne, only daughter of Richard Fyan, Alderman, whose son is referred to in a document of the year 1618, as "William Fyan, of Dublin city, merchant, aged forty years." Later in the seventeenth century, Fyan's Castle acquired the name of "Proudfoot's Castle," from George Proudfoot, merchant, cousin to James Barry, first Earl of Santry, who inherited it from his father, Alderman Richard Barry, merchant, and Sheriff of Dublin. In the reign of Charles II., "Proudfoot's Castle" was occasionally used as a State prison’. In 1608 a land grant from King James to James Hamilton, esq. of Co. Wexford included; ‘A piece of waste ground near the E. and N. walls of the city of Dublin, extending from Fyan's castle, and so near the walls, and from the walls westward to a garden, late in the occupation of Will. Grace or Pat. Colly, and Fagan's orchard, and so by the bounds thereof to Hogge lane eastward; and from the Liffey N. to the city wall and Dame's-street S. parcel of the estate of the crown’ (Cal Pat. Rolls 6 Jas I, 130). In 1622 the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded that; ‘the said cranner and waterbayliffs shall permit noe man to measure coales at the Kea from Fyans Castle to the Bridge, but to such owners as are to dischardge their coales at the Kea from Fyans Castle to the Bridge, and none to be sent downe the river or harborrow to any barque or vessell, which sending of measures downe the river is found to be very hurtfull to the cittie, and a proffitt only to the ingrossers and retaylers of coales’ (CARD Vol. 3, 145). See attached section of Speed's 1610 Map of Dublin City showing Fians Castle (No. 7), accessible online at http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PR-ATLAS-00002-00061-00001/38 and 1847 OSi City of Dublin: sheet 57 "City of Dublin," held by Ordnance Survey Ireland. © Public domain. Digital content: © Ordnance Survey Ireland, published by UCD Library, University College Dublin http://digital.ucd.ie/view/ucdlib:40849 Compiled by: Caimin O'Brien Date of upload: 10 July 2023
- DU018-020016: Mural tower (Historic Town), https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020016-. Fitzsymon's Tower (Case’s/Casey’s Tower) a mural tower at Essex Quay located c. 40m E of Fyan’s Castle (DU018-020015-) on the N section of the Dublin City Walls which runs parallel to the S bank of the River Liffey. Annotated 'Case's Tower (Site of)' on 1863 ed. OSi 25-inch map where the site is depicted on Essex Quay. In 1471 the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded an agreement with ‘Robert Fitz Symon [who] shall have a towre, the wiche is betwix Isot is towre [Isolde’s Tower DU018-020017-] and the Fysshe Slypp, for terme of c. yeres, payng therfor yerly to the towne i.d., and he bylde hitt up with stones and lyme, and battayll hitt abowt, and put a roffe of oke tymber therupon, and hellet with sclates, and soo duryng the said terme kepe hit styff and staunche, and to bylde hit within two yeres’ (CARD Vol. 1, 347). This circular-shaped tower on the city walls was described in 1585 as follows; 'From Mr. Fians castell [DU018-020015-] to a towre in the pocession of Fitzsymon, of Balmadroght [Ballymadrough, Co. Dublin), is 144 foote [44m] distant, and the pavment from the channell agreing in height as the Key befor. The said towre in Fitzsymons pocession is a smale round towre withowt, and sqware within, one timber lofte, with towe rowmes, and 2 lowps [loops] in every rowme, 12 foote [3.6m] sqware one waye, and 14 foote [4.2m] the other waye, the wall 3 foott [0.9m] thick and 22 foote [6.7m] hie, and the earthe hie within the said towre 8 foote [2.4m] as befor. From Fitzsymons towre to Issoldes towre [DU018-020017-], is 174 foote [53m] distant, and the pavment from the chanell agreinge in height as befor' (CARD Vol. 2, 556). In 1605 the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded an agreement with; ‘Jacobe Newman shall have a lease for tearme of one hundreth and eighten yeares, beginning at Michalmas last past, uppon a voide pece of grownd at the west end of the tenement he holdeth of this cittie, scituate uppon the Wood Key, neare Isoldes tower [DU018-020017-], which plott lieth betwixt the said tennement and a littell tower called Casses tower, and contayneth from the tennement nowe buylded by the said Jacobe in the east to the said Casses tower, in the west, thirtie and six [yardes,] paieing therout yearly fouer shillinges and six pence, Iryshe, rent, with other covenantes and condicions to be incerted in his lease’ (CARD Vol. 2, 435). Case’s [Casey’s] Tower described in the Urban Survey of Dublin City as; ‘This was situated 48 yards from Fyan’s Castle on Essex Quay, more or less opposite SS Michael & John’s church. In 1471 it was granted to Robert FitzSimon on condition that he repaired and re-roofed it. In 1585 it was still held by his descendants but in 1604 it is referred to as Cases’ tower (Healy 1973, 21)’ (Bradley and King 1987, Vol. 1, 52). No surface remains visible. Essex Quay/Exchange Street Lower: Known as Casey's tower, after the occupier in 1604 (Healy 1973, 21). This was a small round tower, two storeys high, situated nearly opposite St Michael and John's church. It was granted in 1471 to Robert Fitzsymon on condition that he repaired it with stone and lime and roofed it with oak and slates. Perrots survey of 1585 described it as a small round tower with a timber loft and two rooms (L 3.75m, Wth 4.37m, wall T 0.93m, wall H 6.7m). In 1726 it was described as a ruin with its S side facing onto Blind Quay (De Courcy 1996, 160). See attached section of Speed's 1610 Map of Dublin City showing Fian’s Castle (No. 7) with Fitzsimons Tower shown to the E of Fian’s Castle, accessible online at http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PR-ATLAS-00002-00061-00001/38 and 1847 OSi City of Dublin: sheet 57 "City of Dublin," held by Ordnance Survey Ireland. © Public domain. Digital content: © Ordnance Survey Ireland, published by UCD Library, University College Dublin http://digital.ucd.ie/view/ucdlib:40849 Compiled by: Caimin O'Brien Date of upload: 10 July
- DU018-020017: Mural tower (Historic Town), https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020017-. Isolde’s Tower (Newman’s Tower\Baker's Tower) stood on the NE corner of Dublin City walls between Essex Quay and Lower Exchange Street. Annotated Newman’s Tower on Speed’s 1610 map of Dublin City. In 1993 during the demolition of four houses on Essex Quay the remains of Isolde’s Tower were uncovered. The ‘site of’ or location of this angle tower was shown on the 1863 ed. OSi 25-inch map 40m to the NE of the precise location of the monument. Around the year 1260 the Dublin White Book recorded a grant to William Picot, Clerk of the City which included the; 'tower which is called Butauant [Buttevant DU018-020018-], situated upon the bank near Isolda's Gate, together with all their land adjacent between the street through which the passage is from the gate of the aforesaid Ysolda's [Isolde] Tower towards the church of St. Olave [DU018-020087-], and extending from the street as far as the new wall, towards the water of Auenlyf [Liffey]. To be held, with the appurtenances and the easement of the wall of the city, both on the east and on the north. Reservation of ingress and egress. To render yearly to the Mayor of the city, for the time being, one pair of gilt spurs on Easter Day' (CARD Vol. 1, 93). This circular-shaped tower on the NE angle of the city walls was described in 1585 as follows; 'From Fitzsymons towre [DU018-020016-] to Issoldes towre, is 174 foote [53m] distant, and the pavment from the chanell agreinge in height as befor. The said Issoldes towre is a rounde towre, towe storie hie, 18 foote [5.5m] sqware within the wall, and the wall 9 foote [2.75m] thicke, and 40 foote [12.2m] hie from the channell, one timber lofte and a plate forme in the tope, with three lowps [loops] in every rowme. From Issoldes towre to an olde towre, caled Buttevantes towre [DU018-020018-] , is 106 foote [32m] distant, the wall 22 foote [6.7m] hie in the owtsyde, and 5 foote [1.5m] thicke, and firme grounde within the said wall 12 foote [3.65m] hie from the chanell with owt, so the grounde within is within 10 foote [3m] as hie as the said wall' (CARD Vol. 2, 556). In 1602 the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded that; 'Jacobe Newman made humble suyte to be remittid of a yeares rent of the tower at the Wood Key callid the Bakers tower, supposed by him to be helte by this cittie soe longe from him, and alsoe to have a letter of attornye to sue the bakers for wast, and to have the counterpaune of the bakers lease: it is therfore ordered and agreed, by the aucthoritie afforesaid, that notwithstanding he might have had the key of the tower at his caule, and that the cittie have reservid a free passadge and accesse to that tower for defens of this cittie, that he shalbe allowed the laste Easter tearmes rent, and the rest of his rent the next Michalmas he must paie, and take the key at his pleasure; and wee agree that he shall have a warrant under the cittie seale to prosecute the master and companye of bakers for the ruen [ruin] of the tower, and the counterpaune of their lease shalbe forthcoming for him' (CARD Vol. 2, 389). Three years later the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded that; 'Jacobe Newman shall have a lease for tearme of as menye yeares as he hath uppon the tower called Isoldes tower and the tennement therunto adioyning, uppon a voyde peace of ground in the north and east syde of the said tower and tennement, contayninge theis parcelles following, videlicet: firste, from the said tower to thend of the Hog lane, eastwarde, two hundreth fouer score and two yardes; from the loe water marke to thend of the Hog lane in breadth sowthwarde, fyftie eight yardes: from the loe water marke to the myddell of Fagans orchard wall, nowe in the occupacion of the constable of the Castell of Dublin, fortie three yardes; from the Buttevant tower to the corner of Fagans orchard wall, one hundreth fyftie and fouer yardes; from the loe water marke to the Dames mylles [mills] sowthward, one hundreth Dames twentye and five yardes; from the loe water marke throughe the smale iland unto the pavement of the Dames street sowthward, one hundreth thirtie and two yardes; the smale peace of grownd lyeing northward of the said tennement and tower, and being of the leingth of the said tennement and tower, and lyeing northward from the same, is in breadth fouer yardes; for which parcelles the said Jacobe Newman is to paie fouer shillinges, Iryshe, per annum, with other covenantes and condicions to be incerted in his lease. Provided alwaie that the same be nott preiudiciall in the watercourse from the said mylles, nor to the watercourse from the Castell dyche, nor that any housse be buylded uppon the premisses, and that the lease be taken out by the post assemblye' (CARD Vol. 2, 457-8). In the same year another agreement stated; 'that Jacobe Newman shall have a lease for tearme of one hundreth and eighten yeares, beginning at Michalmas last past, uppon a voide pece of grownd at the west end of the tenement he holdeth of this cittie, scituate uppon the Wood Key, neare Isoldes tower, which plott lieth betwixt the said tennement and a littell tower called Casses tower [DU018-020016-], and contayneth from the tennement nowe buylded by the said Jacobe in the east to the said Casses tower, in the west, thirtie and six [yardes,] paieing therout yearly fouer shillinges and six pence, Iryshe, rent, with other covenantes and condicions to be incerted in his lease' (CARD Vol. 2, 435). Isolde’s Tower was described in the Urban Survey of Dublin City as; ‘This was a round tower, some forty feet high, and was situated 58 yards from Case’s Tower, on Essex Quay near the corner of Parliament Street. It was granted in 1558 to the Corporation of Bakers and in 1602 to Jacob Newman with permission to sue the bakers for ruining the tower (Healy 1973, 21)’ (Bradley and King 1987, Vol. 1, 52-3). Excavations in 1993 exposed the base of a circular tower (int. dims. 4.68m, H 2.2m, Wall T 3.9m). This had been built on a plinth; the wall faced internally and externally with large blocks of mortared masonry (Simpson 1994, 21-2). This tower had been demolished in the late 17th century and a property built over it. The finds included medieval and post-medieval pottery, glass fragments, metal leather and human bones (Healy 1973, 21). Surviving remnants of the lower courses of Isolde's tower have been conserved. The lowest courses are extant below ground level (Clarke 2002, 21; Clarke, Dent and Johnson 2002, 33, 37). The results of the excavations carried out by Linzi Simpson in 1993 under licence No. 93E0099 was summarised as follows; 'The site is bounded by Lower Exchange St. on the south and Essex Quay on the north and lies along the known circuit of the medieval walls of Dublin. The excavation revealed a circular mural tower (below), identified as 'Isolde's Tower', which had been demolished to almost foundation level in the 17th century. The city wall was also located abutting the tower on the western and southern side and following the line of Lower Exchange St. The tower occupies the north-east angle of the city wall and projected into the river Liffey with the Poddle along the eastern side. It formed part of the re-vamp of the city defences, dated to c.1260, which resulted in an extension of the city walls to encompass reclaimed land stretching to the banks of the Liffey. The tower The tower, which is circular in plan, has an internal diameter of 4.5m and walls which were almost 4m thick. At its highest, at the western side, it survived to almost 2.5m while being less than half that height on the eastern side. It was built of regularly coursed limestone blocks and faced internally and externally with a strongly mortared rubble core. The start of a batter was visible on the western side. The tower sat directly on river gravels on a rough plinth and the interior had been back-filled almost immediately with deep deposits of silt, possibly to stabilize the base. The city wall The city wall was exposed on the western side, abut
- DU018-020018: Mural tower (Historic Town), https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020018-. Buttevant's Tower (Essex gate). According to the Historic Atlas of Dublin City; 'On the eastern side, the name of the most forward tower Buttevant (French butte avant), suggests that this defensive structure jutted outwards in the direction of the Liffey without any return wall along the river frontage, which may have served as an Hiberno-Norse quayside (Clarke 2002, 6). Around the year 1260 the Dublin White Book recorded a grant to William Picot, Clerk of the City which included the; 'tower which is called Butauant [Buttevant], situated upon the bank near Isolda's Gate, together with all their land adjacent between the street through which the passage is from the gate of the aforesaid Ysolda's [Isolde] Tower [DU018-020017-] towards the church of St. Olave [DU018-020087-], and extending from the street as far as the new wall, towards the water of Auenlyf [Liffey]. To be held, with the appurtenances and the easement of the wall of the city, both on the east and on the north. Reservation of ingress and egress. To render yearly to the Mayor of the city, for the time being, one pair of gilt spurs on Easter Day' (CARD Vol. 1, 93). In 1563 the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded an agreement that; 'John Money, belman, shall have the towre besowth [beside] Isoldes [DU018-020017-], and he to buylde the same with a rowfe of oke, sclats or bordes, and he to have the same during his lyfe, and he to kepe the lane cleane which is ioyninge to the same' (CARD Vol. 2, 32). In 1574 the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded that; 'Robert Byce, gentleman, shall have a lease for terme of lx. and one yeares upon the towre over the Dammes gate [DU018-020028-], Buttevantes towre, and the bulwark betwixt bothe the said towres, paing yearely to this citie the som of vi.s. viii.d. Irishe, and that he shall performe all such covenauntes, condicions and clauses as shalbe comprised in the said lease for houylding and reparacion of the said towres' (CARD Vol. 2, 93). This tower on the city walls was described in 1585 as follows; ' From Issoldes towre [DU018-020017-] to an olde towre, caled Buttevantes towre, is 106 foote [32m] distant, the wall 22 foote [6.7m] hie in the owtsyde, and 5 foote [1.5m] thicke, and firme grounde within the said wall 12 foote [3.65m] hie from the chanell with owt, so the grounde within is within 10 foote [3m] as hie as the said wall. The said Buttevantes towre is an ould sqware ruenus [ruinous] towre, with one vawt [vault], and the wall 4 foote [1.2m] thicke, 30 foote [9m] hie from the chanell, and 12 foote [3.65m] sqware within the walles, and the grounde 8 foote [2.4m] hie within the said towre from the chanell. From Buttevantes towre to the rounde halfe towre adjoyninge to Mr. Robert Bise [h]is howse [DU018-020019-] is 188 foote [57m] distant, the wall and grounde within agreing in height and thicknis as the other parte of the wall befor' (CARD Vol. 2, 556). Tower was described in the Urban Survey of Dublin City as follows; 'In 1585 this was described as an old square ruinous tower with one vault. it was located some 35 yards from Isolde's tower. it was granted in the thirteenth century to William Picot. It was demolished in 1675 when Essex Gate was constructed (Healy 1973, 21)' (Bradley and King 1987, Vo. 1, 53). Part of the N wall (int. dims. H 9.37m, Wth 3.75m, T 1.25m) was excavated (Simpson 1994, 107-08; De Courcy 1996, 60). Marker plaque 2002 (Clarke 2002, 21). The 1892 edition of the Ordnance Survey map of sheet 57 for Dublin City annotated this site as 'Essex Gate' 'Site of Izod's Tower. No surface remains visible. See attached section of OS sheet 57 for Dublin City Compiled by: Caimin O'Brien Date of upload: 10 July 2023
- DU018-020019: Mural tower (Historic Town), https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020019-. Bise's\Bysse's Tower - A medieval semi-circular shaped mural tower on the side of Bise's House on Parliament Street that was on the city walls between Buttevant's mural tower (DU018-020018-) 50m to the N and Dames' City Gate (DU018-020028-) 30m to the S. In 1574 the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded that; 'Robert Byce, gentleman, shall have a lease for terme of lx. and one yeares upon the towre over the Dammes gate [DU018-020028-], Buttevantes towre [DU018-020018-), and the bulwark betwixt bothe the said towres, paing yearely to this citie the som of vi.s. viii.d. Irishe, and that he shall performe all such covenauntes, condicions and clauses as shalbe comprised in the said lease for houylding and reparacion of the said towres' (CARD Vol. 2, 93). Described in 1585 as follows; 'From Buttevantes towre [DU018-020018-] to the rounde halfe towre adjoyninge to Mr. Robert Bise [h]is howse is 188 foote [57m] distant, the wall and grounde within agreing in height and thicknis as the other parte of the wall befor. The said towre joyning to Mr. Bise [h]is howse is a demy-towre with three storie heightes, no vawt [vault] but towe loftes, with 3 lowps [loops] in the loer rowmes, and 2 lowps in the second rowme, the wall 4 foote [1.2m] thicke, 26 foote [8m] hie, and 16 foote [5m] sqware within the walles. From Mr. Bise [h]is towre to the easte gatte called Dames gate [DU018-020028-] is 108 foote [33m] distant, the wall 17 foote [5.2m] hie and 5 foote [1.5m] thicke, and the grounde firme within, agreing in height with the reste befor' (CARD Vol. 2, 556-7). In 1609 the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded an agreement that; 'Christofer Byse, gentleman, shall, in consyderacion of the some of fortye poundes, sterling, current monny in England, have all that the cittyes righte which it hath or oughte to have unto the inns called Powers Inns, nowe in the said Christofer his possession, and alsoe shall have a lease for tearme of fower score and nyneten yeares, uppon the tower over Dams gate [DU018-020028-], with the way or staiers uppe therunto, the tower called Buttevantes tower [DU018-020018-], and one other tower or flancard uppon the citty wall, scituated betwixte the tower over the Dams gate and Buttevantes tower, at the yearly rente of sixe shillinges and eight pence, lawful monny of Ireland; with other covenantes to be incerted in his lease; and the said forty powndes to be paid within the sixe monneth, nexte herafter. Provided this graunt be not prejudicial to this citty for the five shillinges penny halfe penny, Iryshe, allowed this citty by thexchequer for the said Powers' (CARD Vol. 2, 514). Bise's Tower was described in the Urban Survey of Dublin City as follows; 'This was a three storied half-round tower, 63 yards from Buttevant tower, and was so named from the fact that it adjoined Mr. Bise's house and was granted to him in 1574 (Healy 1973, 21). It lay in the middle of Parliament Street about two-thirds of the way up, and was demolished in 1763 when Parliament Street was laid out' (Bradley and King 1987, 53). This semi-circular shaped mural tower standing on the E side of the Dublin City walls to the N of Dames' Gate (No. 7) is depicted on De Gomme's 1673 Map of Dublin City. Parliament Street: Known as Bysse's Tower. In 1585 this was a three storied half round tower (int. dims. Wth 5m, H 8.12m, Wall T 1.25m) (De Courcy 1996, 36). No surface remains visible (Clarke 2002, 21). Marker plaque 2002. Compiled by: Caimin O'Brien Date of upload: 10 July 2023
- DU018-020020: Gateway, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020020-. Castle Gate on Dublin Castle: Known as 'Castle Gate' and Bedford Tower this is located at the existing entrance in Castle Street. Formerly it comprised two round towers between which was a gate, portcullis and drawbridge. The towers were re-built in 1617 and were finally demolished in the 18th century. The turret on the old Genealogical Office is built on the remains of the W tower. Excavations in 1985-86 exposed the tower portion N of a large rectangular barbican aligned on the main entrance (Lynch and Manning 1986, 17-18; Lynch and Manning 2001, 169-204). There was a drawbridge put in about midway across the moat (Healy 1973, 16-17; Youngs, Clarke and Barry 1987, 178; Clarke 2002, 22). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 23 November 2022
- DU018-020021: Gateway, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020021-. Pole Gate / Pool Gate on Werburgh Street was located just inside the junction with Ship Street. It derived its name from its proximity to the pool in the River Poddle. Annotated 'Pole gate (site of)' on 1863 ed. OSi 25-inch map. This gateway was described in 1585 as follows; 'From Stanhurst [h]is towre [DU018-020006-] to the Pole gate is 168 foote [51m] distant, and the wall and rampier agreinge in like height and thicknis as the other parte of the said wall and rampier aforsaide. The towre on the said Pole gate is a sqware towre with twoe stories, the loer storie upon a vawte [vault] with three lowpes [loops], and the upper storie a timber lofte, and the wall 6 foote [1.8m] thicke and 14 foote [4.3m] sqware within, and the towre 46 foote [14m] hie, besydes the garettes, from the fundacion of the wall, with a perculles [portcullis] for the same gate. From the Pole gate to the towre caled Genevels towre [DU018-020007-], nowe in Mr. Parkins pocession, is 186 foote [57m] distant, and the wall and rampier agreinge in licke height and thicknis as the other parte of the said wall and rampier aforsaid' (CARD Vol. 2, 551-2). It was a square tower, the first storey was vaulted and contained a portcullis for the gate. Shown on Speeds map (1610) (Gillespie 1973, 33). No visible remains above ground (Bradley and King 1987, Vol. 1,47; Clarke, Dent and Johnson 2002, 32). See attached Speed's 1610 Map of Dublin City showing the Pole Gate labelled No. 39. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 28 April 2023
- DU018-020022: Gateway, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020022-. St. Nicholas Gate on Nicholas street, annotated St. Nicholas' Gate (Site of) on the 1863 ed. OSi 25-inch map. This gateway also known as Asculf's Gate and St Patrick's Gate (Clarke 2002, 21) on the Dublin City walls (DU018-020001-). In 1250 the Dublin White Book recorded that; ' Richard Chartris and Agnes, his wife: The tower next to St. Patrick's Gate, on the western side, at the yearly rent of four shillings of silver; with reservation of free ingress and egress. If the buildings on the tower should be ruined by fire, or otherwise, Richard and his wife are, at their own cost, to re-edify and maintain them' (CARD Vol. 1, 86). Another grant from c. 1252 in the Dublin White Book recorded a grant; ' To Reimund of Poitou: The entire Gate of St. St.Patrick's, with cellars and appurtenances, easements underneath and on each side, and the custody of the gate during life. Reservation of ingress and egress. Annual rent, half a mark of silver' (CARD Vol. 1, 90). In 1466 the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded that Dublin citizen John Boulond was granted; 'one of the yates [gates] of the seide citte callet Seint Nicholas Yate, for terme of his lyff, berryng yerly therfor viii.d. of silver that is to say, iiii.d.' (CARD Vol. 1, 322-3). In 1535 The Dublin Assembly Roll ordained that 'William Queytrott of Dublin, merchant, shold haw the hold towr over Seynt Nicholas Gate, with all the appurtenances, for ever to hym and his heirs mallis, apon condicion that he byld and make two flat rowis apon hitt well coveryd with lede, apon his own propir cost, within two yers next after the dat abow wryttyn, and also do all maner other necessary reparacion belongyng to the said towr duryng as long as he and his heirs mallis shall broke and enyoy hitt; the said William and his heirs mallis or their assignis paying yerly for and out of the said towir, with all the appurtenances, unto the use of the citte of Dublin iii.s. iiii.d. of leffull mony of Irland all maner of services and demands. Prowydit allway that the cittezents of the citte of Dublin, and ther successors for ever in tyme haw fre incomyng and fre outgoyng to and fro the said tour when and as oftyne as nede shall requir for the defence of the said tour [and] gate with all the appurtenances. And also prowydid that if the said William dey without issue male of his body laffull begottyn, that [the] executors or assignis of the said William haw the said towr in terme duryng thre skor yers and one, and that in consideracion of the cost that the said William is bound by indentur unto the citte to doo apon his part' (CARD Vol. 1, 399). St. Nicholas Gate was described in 1585 as follows; 'From Geneviels towre [DU018-020007-] to Saint Nicholas gate is 252 foote [77m] distant, and the wall and rampier agreinge in licke height and thicknis as the other parte of the said wall and rampier aforsaid. Saint Nicholas gate hawe towe rounde towres withowt, and sqware within, and the said gate placed betwixte bothe the towres, every towre three heightes, whereof towe loftes and fowre lowps [loops] in every towre, the wall 5 foote [1.5m] thicke, 39 foote [11.8m] in lengthe one waye, and 18 foote [5.5m] brod the other waye, and the towre 45 foote [14m] hie, with a perculles [portcullis] for the same gate. From Saint Nicholas gate to the towre [DU018-020008-] in sir William Sarsfelds possession is 312 foote [95m] distant, whereof there is 74 foote [22.5m], nexte adjoyninge unto Saint Nicholas gate, of the wall but 16 foote [4.9m] hie, and the firme grounde 9 foote [2.7m] hie within the said wall and the reste beinge 238 foote [72.5m] is fowre foote and a halfe [1.4m] thicke, 16 foote [4.9m] hie besydes the garettes and a rampier within of 15 foote [4.5m] thicke and nere as hie as the wall in the insyde, besydes the buttris which is from the botom of the diche [ditch] to the fundation of the wall 19 foott [5.8m] goode, by estimacion' (CARD Vol. 2, 552). Nicholas street: Known as St. Nicholas Gate it was three storeys high and had two round towers outside the wall and two square ones within with a portcullis for the gate. It is probably identifiable with Hascuff's Gate mentioned in 1534 (McNeill 1950, 50; Bradley and King 1987, 1, 48). Shown on Speed's map (1610). (Gillespie 1973, 330; Healy 1973, 18-19; Clarke, Dent and Johnson 2002, 32). No surface remains visible. See attached Speed's 1610 Map of Dublin City showing St Nicholas Gate labelled No. 45 Compiled by: Caimin O'Brien Date of upload: 28 April 2023
- DU018-020023: Windmill, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020023-. De Courcy (1996, 422) mentions a mill maintained by Guinness Brewery which was on the site in 1757. This former windmill was once used to power the Roe Distillery on Thomas Street in Dublin. George Roe and Company had its beginning in 1757 when Peter Roe bought a small distillery on Thomas Street in Dublin. This Thomas Street Distillery was powered by the largest smock windmill at that time in all Europe. Now known as St. Patrick’s Tower, and located on what is now Guinness property. By 1887 it had been built into the largest distillery in Europe. At that time the Thomas Street Distillery covered seventeen acres, and Geo. Roe & Co., Distillers were producing two million gallons of whiskey annually. Roe whiskey had a large and important export to the United States, Canada, and Australia. The Row family actually funded the restoration of Christ Church Cathedral in the 1880s. The late 19th and early 20th centuries defined a very difficult period for the whiskey industry in Ireland, and the Roe distillery was no exception. By 1926 Geo. Roe & Co., Distillers had ceased producing whiskey, although they still possessed large quantities of unsold stock in storage. In the mid 1940′s the Limited Company dissolved. Finally, in 1949 Guinness took over the site of the old Roe Thomas Street Distillery (http://archiseek.com/2010/old-windmill-guinness-dublin). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 31 July 2012
- DU018-020025: Gateway, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020025-. St. Audeon's Gate in St. Audeon's Park/Cook St, annotated 'St. Audoen's Arch' on 1863 ed. OSi 25-inch map. St. Audeon's Gate, was first mentioned in 1240 and was subsequently called the Watergate. It was let in 1602 to the Master of the tanners who used it as a meeting place until the mid-18th century (Healy 1973, 22). The gate was formerly a proper gatehouse with a tower above it. It has been heavily restored as a gateway with shallow side towers topped with crenellations at a level with the town wall (Wth 4.6m, H 4.15m). There are three external buttresses, which appear to be later additions (Bradley and King 1987, Vol. 1, 54). There is early masonry surviving in the external face (Simpson 2000, 41). A section of town wall survives to the E and W of the gate (Thomas 1992, Vol. 2, 80). A projecting tower at the W end has a mock Gothic door (Clarke 2002, E11; Clarke, Dent and Johnson 2002, 33). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 28 April 2023
- DU018-020026: Gateway, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020026-. St. Michael's Close: This gate is mentioned in a Twelfth century deed and it stood at the bottom of MacGilla Mogholmóc's Street now St. Michael's Close (Gilbert 1854-9, 1, 230; Bradley and King 1987, Vol. 1, 55). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 23 November 2022
- DU018-020027: Gateway, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020027-. Winetavern Street: Known as King's Gate or Winetavern Gate. Shown on Speed's map of 1610. The city wall continued E from this gate to Wood Quay (Bradley and King 1987, I, 55). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 23 November 2022
- DU018-020028: Gateway, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020028-. Dam Gate was the E gate of Dublin City which was also referred to in the 13th century as St Mary's Gate (Orpen 1892, 292) or the gate of of St Mary del Dam or 'La porte de Sainte Marie del Dam' (DU018-020080-). In 1459 the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded the granting to; 'Willyam Grace, goldsmyth, schall have the towyr ovre the Dame's yate, and he to kep hit up on hys expens, and to be[a]r to the towne therfor yerly duryng hys lyve ii.s.' (CARD Vol. 1, 302). In 1543 the Assembly Rolls recorded; 'that Richard Fitz Symon, of Dublin, merchaunt, then beyng [one of the] Balliwes of the same citte, shall hawe the tour [tower] over the Damys gate to hym, his heirs and assignes...of thre skore yers and one, payng out of hit yerly to the collector of the langable of the...apon condicion that he byld [build[ a roff [roof] of good oke [oak] and sclate [slate] apon hit' (CARD Vol. 1, 413). In 1559 the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded; 'that the treasorrer and masters of wurkes of this cittie shall cause a stone wall to be made without the Damsgate, from the gate unto thend of the myll [DU018-020091-], that no dong [dung] shalbe laid uppon thende of the iland, nor in the towne ditche there, from hensforth' (CARD Vol. 2, 4). In 1574 the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded that; 'that Robert Byce, gentleman, shall have a lease for terme of Lx. and one [61] yeares upon the towre over the Dammes gate, Buttevantes towre [DU018-020018-], and the bulwark betwixt bothe the said towres, paing yearely to this citie the som of i.s, viid. Irishe, and that he shall performe all such covenauntes, condicions and clauses as shalbe comprised in the said lease for houylding and reparacion of the said towres' (CARD vol 2, 93). In 1577 'Dammes gate' (Dam Gate) was listed as one of 'The names of the gates of the citie and suburbs of Dublin' (CARD Vol. 2, 546). Dame's Gate (No. 15) is depicted standing on the W end of Dame Street (No. 14) at the junction with Exchange Court on Speed's 1610 map of Dublin City. Annotated 'Dame's Gate (Site of) on the 1867 ed. OSi 25-inch map. Dames Gate or Dam Gate was located at the W end of Dames Street with a second gate called Hog's Gate or the Blind Gate (DU018-020034-) located at the E end of Dame Street at the entrance to College Green known in the medieval period as 'Hoggen Green'. The location of Dames Gate was described by Gilbert (1854-9, vol. 2, 557) as; 'From Mr. Bise his towre [DU018-020019-] to the easte gatte called Dames gate is 108 foote [33m] distant, the wall 17 foote [5] hie and 5 foote [1.5m] thicke, and the grounde firme within, agreing in height with the reste befor'. This gate was removed c. 1698 and the gates condition and removal was described by Gilbert (1854-9, vol. 2, 256-7) as follows; ' "Dame's-gate" was "one of the narrowest entrances into the city, and, standing upon the ascent, was, when business increased, and the town grew more populous, much thronged and incumbered with carriages; for remedy whereof, the Earl of Strafford attempted to have the passage enlarged by throwing down a part of the city wall, and some houses adjoining thereto; but the neighbouring proprietors could not be prevailed on to yield their consents upon the terms proposed, and the project came to nothing." The pedestal of the Virgin's statue, with other concomitant remains of antiquity connected with this portal, existed till the Gate was demolished in conformity with a Bill passed by the Parliament of Ireland in 1698, for "enlarging Dame's-gate, raising the pavement there, and making the passage more easy." The city continued to receive rent for the tower over Dame's-gate for many years after it had been demolished, and in the last century, the King-at-Arms, when about to make proclamations, always demanded admission to the city formally from the Lord Mayor and other civic officers, who assembled for these occasions on the site of Dame's-gate'. Dam Gate or Dame's gate was described in the Urban Survey of Dublin City as follows; 'From Bises [Byce's] Tower [DU018-020019-] to Dame's Gate was a distance of 36 yards. The gate was located at the top of Dame Street, opposite the entrance to Exchange Court. It derived its name from the nearby dam on the Poddle, which also gave its name to the church of St Mary del Dame [DU018-020080-]. Up until the reformation statue of the Blessed Virgin stood in a niche over the gate. It had two towers and a Porteculis, and was one of the narrowest entries into the city. The gatehouse was let to various tenants who are recorded from 1459. It was demolished in 1698 (Healy 1973, 21). From Dames Gate the town wall continued southwards to join the castle at the Store Tower thus completing the circuit of the city (Bradley and King 1987, vol. 1, 53-4). See attached section of Speed's 1610 Map of Dublin City showing Dame's Gate (No. 15) at the W end of Dame Street (No. 14) adjacent to St. Andrew's Church (No. 16), Newman's Tower (No. 6) to N, accessible online at http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PR-ATLAS-00002-00061-00001/38 and 1886 OSi City of Dublin: sheet XVIII.56 ("City of Dublin," held by Ordnance Survey Ireland. © Public domain. Digital content: © Ordnance Survey Ireland, published by UCD Library, University College Dublin <http://digital.ucd.ie/view/ucdlib:40905>). Compiled by: Caimin O'Brien Date of upload: 10 July 2023
- DU018-020029: Gateway, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020029-. Gormond's\Gurmund's\Godmund's Gate was the W gate of Dublin City standing at the W end of Cook Street. Annotated 'Ormonde Gate (Site of) on 1863 ed. OSi 25-inch map where it is depicted standing on the street called Wormood Gate. Annotated 'Ormond's Gate' on Speed's 1610 map of Dublin City where it is labelled No. 29. In 1261, John Garget, a citizen of Dublin City was granted; 'A tower upon Gurmund's Gate, and the tower which is situated in the corner of the old wall of the city, in the lower part of the plantation of William the Clerk, towards the south, with all the adjacent land appertaining to the city and lying between the tower upon Gurmund's Gate, and the abovenamed tower, towards the south, and between the new wall of the city, towards the west, and the land which Walter Tailor held from the city, towards the east. The Mayor and commonalty remit to John Garget, during his life, two shilings and eight pence of the yearly rent for the tower called Gurmund's Tower, and the corner tower, situated in the corner of the old wall of the city between the New Gate [DU018-020377-] and Gurmund's Gate' (CARD Vol. 1, 94). Six years later in 1267, Roger de Assebourne, was granted; 'the towers upon the New Gate [DU018-020377-], with buildings, cellars, easements, and all appurtenances, as well near to as upon them, with the exception of two arches in the Gate, of which others are enfeoffed, and together with all the citizens ground adjacent on the south side. They also grant to Roger a piece of ground, with buildings and appurtenances, on the south side, between the New Gate and the house which William the Clerk inhabits, and another ground lying between that which the latter held, on one side, and the city wall on the other, and extending in length from the towers as far as the tower between the land and Godmund's Gate' (CARD, vol. 1, 100). In 1563 the Dublin Assembly Rolls recorded an agreement with; 'Peter Carricke, sherman, shall have ten shillings yerlie for k[eeping] of the Bridge gate [DU018-020030-] and Gormonde's Gate' (CARD Vol. 2, 32) In 1577 Richard Stanihurst recorded the following details about this gate; 'Gurmund his gate, hard by the Cucull, or Coockolds post. Some suppose that one Gurmundus builded this gate, and thereof to take the name. Others judge that the Irish assaulting the civitie were discomfited by the earle of Ormond, then by good hap sojourning at Dublin. And because he issued out at that gate, to the end the valiant exploit and famous conquest of so woorthie a potentate should be ingrailed in perpetuall memorie, the gate bare the name of Ormond his gate' (CARD, Vol. 2, 547). This gateway was described in 1585 as follows; 'From the towre [DU018-020011-] in Mr. Fitzsymons pocession to Gormondes gate is 140 foote [42m] distant, the wall 20 foote [6m] hie, and 5 foote [1.5m] thicke, and no rampier within, with a buttris withowte as befor. The said Gormondes gate is a sqware towre, twoe storie hie, wherof one rowme is upon a vawte [vault] with three lowps [loops] and a slate roote; the towre is sqware, 18 foote [5.5m] one waye, and 15 foote [4.6m] another waye, the wall 5 foote [1.5m] thicke, and 30 foote [9m] hie, with a perculles [portcullis] for the same gate. From Gormondes gate to a towre [DU018-020012-] in William Harbardeg pocession is 308 foote [94m] distant' (CARD Vol. 2, 554). In 1593 the Dublin Assembly Rolls recorded a lease to; 'the masters, wardens and corporacion of smithes and goldsmithes shall haye a lese for tearme of thre skore and one yeares, begyning at Easter last past, uppon Gormonds Gate, otherwyse cauled Ormonds Gate, with the appurtenances, payeing therfore yearly to this cittie foure shillinges, sterling , current mony of England, they covering the same with lede [lead]' (CARD Vol. 2, 263-4). Cornmarket (Wormwood Gate): Gormond's Gate was two storeys high vaulted with a portcullis for the gate. It was named after William Gudraud who lived nearby in 1233 (Healy 1973, 20). During the 17th century, the name of the gate was corrupted into Ormond Gate, and subsequently into Wormwood Gate (Bradley and King 1987, Vol. 1, 50; Clarke 2002, 21; Clarke, Dent and Johnson 2002, 32). See attached section of Speed's 1610 Map of Dublin City showing Ormond Gate (No. 29), accessible online at http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PR-ATLAS-00002-00061-00001/38 and 1847 OSi City of Dublin: sheet 20 "City of Dublin," held by Ordnance Survey Ireland. © Public domain. Digital content: © Ordnance Survey Ireland, published by UCD Library, University College Dublin <http://digital.ucd.ie/view/ucdlib:40849> Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 27 April 2023
- DU018-020030: Gateway, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020030-. Bridge Gate also known as Ostman's Gate - Annotated 'Bridge Gate (Site of)' on 1863 ed. OSi 25-inch map at the junction of Lower Bridge Street and Merchant's Key adjacent to Whitworth Bridge which was probably built on the site of the medieval bridge also called Ostmans' Bridge (DU018-020042-) which crosses the River Liffey. Annotated 'Old Bridge' on Rocque's 1756 Map of Dublin City. Around the year 1250 the White Book of Dublin recorded a grant to; 'Radulf le Hore, their fellow-citizen: A tower, with its appurtenances, at the head of the Ostmans' Bridge, towards the south. Annual rent, two shillings of silver, with reservation of free ingress and egress. Under common seal; attested by commonalty' (CARD Vol. 1, 85). The White Book of Dublin recorded a grant c. 1285-90 to 'William de Notyngham, citizen: A stone tower, near the Ostmans ' Bridge and adjoining the tower beyond the Ostmans' Gate' (CARD Vol. 1, 106). In 1556 the Dublin Assembly Roll record a grant to; 'Petyr Carrycke, sherman, shall have the custodie and keaping of the Bridgate and Gormondes gate with the fee of vi.s. viii.d., he doing his duetie in his awne person, or by an able man, and not by a child or insufficient person' (CARD Vol. 1, 456). In 1563 the Dublin Assembly Rolls recorded an agreement with; 'Peter Carricke, sherman, shall have ten shillings yerlie for k[eeping] of the Bridge gate and Gormonde's Gate [DU018-020029-] ' (CARD Vol. 2, 32). In 1571 the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded that; 'the inhabytantes of the Bridge street keye and Oxmantowne shall have one of the bels of Saint Georges to be put to the use of a clocke over the Bridge gate in the towre ther, whensoever all thinges appertayninge to the saide clocke be made upp in full aredynes. Provyded that yf yt shall fortune that the saide inhabytantes do not contynue the same as a clocke, that then the saide bell to be restoryd to the cyttie againe' (CARD Vol. 2, 69). The Bridge Gate was described in 1585 as follows; 'The wall of one syde of the said Mr. Ushers howse [DU018-020013-] to the Bridge gatte is 104 foote [32m], the wall 4 foote [1.2m] thicke, and 19 foote [6m] hie, and the grounde is firme 5 foote [1.5m] hie within the said wall, and the Liffie goethe hard by, and at every ful sea it floes upe against the said wall, being a springe tyde. The said Bridge gate is a sqware towre, towe storie hie; the loer storie is a vawte [vault] with 2 lowps [loops]; the upper storie is a timber lofte and no lowpe. The towre is sgware, 18 foote [5.5m] one waye, and 14 foote [4.2m] another waye, the wall 7 foote [2.1m] thicke, and 30 foot [9m] hie from the pavment. From the Bridge gate along the Marchaunt Key to Prickettes towre is 843 foote [257m] distant, and the Key 9 foote [2.7m] hie from the chanell to the pavment' (CARD Vol. 2, 555). In 1595 the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded that ; 'the Bridge gate is now in perell of fauling, wherby greate daunger may happen to her majesties subiectes passing that waie, besydes great inconvenience to growe to this cittie, yf the same do happen to faule: for remedy wherof, it is ordered and agreed, by thaucthority of this assembly, that Mr. Smithe and Mr. Bellewe shalbe agentes to prosecute uppon the cittie chardges the bill preferred befor the Lord lord deputy and councell against Mr. William Ussher for this cause, and that in the meane tyme Mr. Maior shall take present order lickwise uppon the cittie chardges, wherby no daunger by the coming downe of the said gate may happen' (CARD Vol. 2, 283-4). In 1596-7 the Dublin Assembly Roll passed a motion for the 'spedy buylding of the Bridge gate, and the reparacion of some defectes latlie espied in the vaut of the Newgate: it is ordred, by the aucthoritie aforsaid, that Mr. William Usher shalbe presentlie conferrid withall about the said Bridge gate, and that expedicion be usid in furthering boothe gates, and that Mr. Thressurer shall call in presentlie uppon the dettors to the cittie, and use Mr. Maior [h]is aucthoritie for compelling them to paie forthwith suche monyes as is owing by them, and that Mr. John Tirrell and Mr. Walter Galtrom, aldermen, shall hastin the masters of workes to go forward in the said worke' (CARD Vol. 2, 302). In 1608 the Dublin Assembly Roll described; 'the dangerosnes of the slippe nexte adioyning unto the Bridge gate, by reason of the ruyns the same is fallen unto, and therefore to avoide the myscheafes that might ensue therbye, and praied some good course to be held for repaiering the defectes therof: it is therfore ordered and agreed, by the aucthorytie aforesaid, that the thresurer and masters of the woorkes shall presently viewe the defectes of the said slippe, and that Mr. Maior shall give warrant to the said thresurer for dysburssinge of soe muche monny as shall defraie the chardge therof for the better defens of the citty; and that sir John Tirrell, Mr. Forster, Mr. Ball and Mr. Plunckett to be assystant to give their advice for the better fortefyeing therof' (CARD Vol. 2, 500). Bridge Gate described in the Urban Survey of Dublin as; 'From Usher's House [DU018-020013-] to the Bridge Gate was 35 yards. The gate defended the southern end of the bridge. It was two storeys high, with the lower storey vaulted. It is first mentioned about the year 1200. The gate was rebuilt in 1598 when a slab bearing the arms of Elizabeth I was placed on it (Healy 1973, 21). It is termed Ostman's Gate in 1284 (CARD Vol. 1, 103) (Bradley and King 1987, Vol. 1, 51). Bridge Street Lower: The former existence of a gate here is mentioned by Clarke (2002, 21). Marker plaque on site in 2002. Bridge gate defended the S end of the bridge across the River Liffey at Usshers Quay. Mentioned c. 1200 AD, it was burned down early in the 14th century (De Courcy 1996, 44-5). In 1585 Perrot recorded that the gate was a square tower, two stories high (L 5.6m x Wth 4.34m x H 9.4m; wall T 2.1m) with the lower storey vaulted. The upper storey was a timber loft with no loops (op. cit.). It was rebuilt in 1598 when a slab bearing the arms of Elizabeth I was placed on it (Healy 1973, 21). No surface remains visible of the 'Bridge Gate'. See attached section of Speed's 1610 Map of Dublin City showing the Bridge Gate on the S side of the Bridge (No. 5) crossing the River Liffey, accessible online at http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PR-ATLAS-00002-00061-00001/38. See attached section of Rocque's 1756 Map of Dublin showing the multi-arched 'Old Bridge' traversing the River Liffey. Compiled by: Caimin O'Brien Date of upload: 7 July 2023
- DU018-020031: Gateway, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020031-. The Coombe: Known as Coombe Gate it was first mentioned in 1468. It stood at the lower end of the Coombe where it separated the Liberty of St. Sepulchre from that of St. Thomas (CARD 1, 493; Bradley and King 1987, 1, 56; Clarke 2002, 21). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 28 April 2023
- DU018-020032: Gateway, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020032-. The precise location of the extramural gate on the outer or suburban defences of the Dublin City walls known as the 'Gate of the Crokers Bars' has not been identified (Clarke 2002, 21). Croker's Lane is shown on the 25 inch ed. OSi 6-inch map where it is shown as the lane adjoining onto the W end of Marshal Lane which runs parallel to the N of St. Thomas Street. Croker's Lane was the back lane which ran parallel to the N of St Thomas Street and was also known as 'vicus pottorum' 'vicus figulorum' or 'Street of the Pots' (Clarke 2002, 14-5). A fortification known as 'Le Barris [Bars] and ditch' is mentioned in 1267 (Brooks 1936, 1). In 1320 the Mayor of Dublin granted William le Mareschal land in the vicinity of the Abbey of St Thomas the Martyr which included; 'the fosse towards the north near the gate at the Barrs. Permission is given to Le Mareschal to conduct and discharge at his will the overflow water through the fosse' (CARD Vol. 1, 114). In 1318 the Mayor of Dublin granted John Le Blound; 'a plot of ground near the tower at the Bars, which Philip le Toller held from the citizens at their will' (ibid. 117). In 1462 the Dublin Assembly Roll, granted that; 'the gardeyn that ys on the north side of the yat [gate] of Crokarys barrys [Crokers Bars] be seyst... to the town by autorie of thys semble, and Rogere Penkyston and Thomas Cromall to make a wall of cley [clay] on the west syd of the sayd gardeyn for the defens of the town, and thay to have the sayd gardeyn tyll thay have har costs that thay done on the wall' (CARD Vol. 1, 314). In 1466 the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded that; 'the yate of the Crookerres barres, the wyche is rwynous, that hitt be the firste worke that shalbe made in the saide citte' (ibid. 322). In the same year the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded that; 'as the citte hath done grete cost on the Crokker ys barres and Woder ys heyres haith a titill to the yate [gate], and if hitt be bilded with a towr will entre into hit, a relece be suet fro them, othyr els the towr be made in suche a place that the rent therof may cum to the tresury' (CARD Vol. 1, 324). In 1503 the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded a grant to Thomas Moyr, a merchant, 'the towre over the yate of Crokeres Barres for terme [of] xxxi. yere next folowyng payn therfor yerly xiid. to the citte durying the sad terme, etc.' (CARD Vol. 1, 389). Medieval gate described in the Urban Survey of Dublin City as follows; 'This gate is mentioned in the fiants of Elizabeth I, in 1568, when it was said to be in St James' parish. It presumably stood at the western end of Crocker's Street, which ran along the line of the present Cromer and Marshall Lanes' (Bradley and King 1987, Vol. 1, 56). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 28 April 2023
- DU018-020033: Gateway, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020033-. St. Francis Gate on Francis Street, formerly situated at the S end of Francis Street. It is mentioned in a deed of 1529-34 which refers to it as one of the boundaries of the Liberty of St. Patrick's (McNeill 1950, 302; Bradley and King 1987, Vol. 1, 56; Clarke 2002, 22). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 28 April 2023
- DU018-020034: Gateway, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020034-. In 1577 'Hogs gate' was listed as one of 'The names of the gates of the citie and suburbs of Dublin' (CARD Vol. 2, 546). The gate was removed c. 1662 and its decayed condition and reasons for its removal were described by Gilbert (1854-9, vol. 2, 257-8) as follows; 'The eastern boundary of this line of street, dividing it from Hoggen-green, was "Hogges-gate," known in the seventeenth century as the "Blind-gate," which appears to have been removed in the reign of Charles II., the citizens having represented, in 1662, that it was "wholly useless, that the further continuance of the standing thereof would not be without much danger to his Majesty's subjects;" and, pursuant to an order of the House of Commons, the following letter was written by their Speaker on the 19th April, 1661, to be communicated by the Lord Mayor to the Aldermen: "Mr. Mayor and gentlemen, the House of Commons having received a petition from divers of the inhabitants of the city and suburbs of the city of Dublin, therein expressing the danger that they and other his Majesty's subjects, who have occasion to pass to and from the College-green, are liable unto, by reason of the tottering condition of the Gate called the Blind-gate, standing upon the entrance of the said Green next unto Damaske-street, and taking notice themselves, that the said Gate is much decayed, and being very sensible of the ill consequences which may happen by the fall thereof to the adjoining inhabitants, and to other persons, that at such time may be going by that place about either public or private affairs; and considering also, that the said Gate is no strength or ornament to the city, and is very incommodious, in respect of the strait and narrow passage under the same, have therefore commanded me to recommend it to your special care, that the said Gate may be forthwith taken down, and that no other for the future may be erected in the same place'. Hogs Gate/Blind Gate was described in the Urban Survey of Dublin City as follows; 'This was located at the eastern end of Dame Street and seperated it from College ("Hoggen") Green. In 1662 it was in a ruined and dangerous condition and the citizens complained that it was a bind gate and "wholly useless" (Gilbert 1854-9, Vol. 2, 257). It was removed shortly after (Bradley et. al. 1987,Vol. 1, 56). In 1600, the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded that; 'Walter Dermot, saddler, shall have a le[a]se, for tearme of threskore and one yeares, uppon a towre over the gate le[a]ding to Hoggen Grene, caulled the Blynd gate, at the yearly rent of vi.s. viii.d., per annum, and he to make, betwixt this and Mydsomer next, stronge and fensyble levies or shuttinges for the said gate, and shall open and close the same at all howres convenyent, and shall performe such other covenauntes and condycions as shalbe incertid in his lease' (CARD Vol. 2, 348). Two years later in 1602 the Assembly Roll recorded a petition from alderman Philip Conran which requested; 'for haveing the nomber of three score foote in leyngth, thirtie foot broad, with out the Blind Gate leading to Hoggen Greene and on the south side therof, and adioyning to the orchard wall, to the end to erect therin a housse for an hospitall: it is therfore, in regard of his charitable inclinacion, orderid and agreed, by the aucthoritie afforesaid, that he shall have the same, soe as the grownd be first surveighed and appointid for the buylding by Mr. Maior, and that this graunt shall contynue noe longer then that the buylding shall contynue for the use afforesaid mentionid in his bill, and that the next parte of the buylding shalbe fortie foote from the gate in the sowth' (Card Vol. 2, 383). In 1604 the Assembly Rolls recorded that a petition; 'to undertake to build a Bridewell near this city, which now is in building; and whereas the same is a chargeable work, and is to be furthered by every one that hatha feeling of the good which thereby will redound to the city in particular, and generally to the whole kingdom: ordered, that, for tho above purpose, an estate in fee-simple be granted, under the city seal, to three persons to be nominated by the Mayor, and three by the petitioners, of so much land as shall be thought convenient in the Hoggen Green, from the gate [Hogs Gate] in the north towards Tirrells Park in the south, and from the wall leading from the gate [Hogs Gate] in the west towards the Butts eastward. The ground, according to survey, contains in breadth one hundred and twelve yards, in length thirty-three yards' (CARD Vol. 2, 420) Hogges Gate\Blind Gate is depicted standing on the E end of Dame Street (No. 14) at the NW corner of College Green then known as Hoggeen Green on Speed's 1610 map of Dublin City. On Speed's map of the city the gateway is shown standing to the E of the crossroads between Dame Street, St. George's Lane (No. 17 on Speed's Map) known today as South Great George's Street and the road known as St. Augustine's (No. 11 on Speed's Map) which today is called Temple Lane South. The precise location of this gate has not been identified (Clarke 2002, 22), but it was located on Dame Street a short distance to the E of this crossroads and it is possible that the gate was located at the junction between Trinity Street and Dame Street. The angle of Trinity Street resembles the angle of the boundary running off the S side of Hogges Gate that is depicted on Speed's 1610 map. Trinity Street runs SE off the S side of Dame Street and connected the 'Nunnery of St Mary de hogges' (DU018-020047-) with Dame Street. At the W end of Dame Street was located Dames Gate (DU018-020028-). See attached section of Speed's 1610 Map of Dublin City showing Hogges Gate at the E end of Dame Street, accessible online at http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PR-ATLAS-00002-00061-00001/38. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 26 April 2023
- DU018-020035: Gateway, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020035-. St. James's Gate at E end of St. James's Street which formed the W gateway into the medieval city of Dublin. In 1485 Garret, the Earl of Kildare came to Dublin and 'sent part of his horsemen over the river against St. James's Gate to enter in the city; but, as God would, some of the city, being upon the walls, did see the horsemen coming and had the gates shut' (Cal. Carew MSS, 176). In 1556 the gateway heightened and converted into a gatehouse, in this year the Dublin Assembly Rolls recorded that; 'It is ordered and agreed, by the said auctoritie, that Walter Clynton shall have the void grounde by Sainct James gate for xli. yeres, paing therfore to the cittie yerelie sixe shillings eight pens, Irishe, at Easter and Michelmas, by equall porcions, and he to buyld a house upon the same' (CARD, Vol. 1, 454). In 1599 the Assembly Rolls recorded that; 'the master and wardens of the company of glovers shall have a lese for term of threskore and one yeares uppon the towre over St. James Gate, beginning at Eastir last, they payeing yerely twentie shillinges, sterling, with condicion that they shall repayre the same at theire costes, and be at chardges in keping the gate, and shutting and opening the same, as becometh, contynually; and, withall, to kepe a wachman every night, when occasion is, uppon the top of the gate, at theire chardges' (CARD, Vol. II, 330). The gateway and tower separated St. James Street from Thomas Street and led into the Liberty N. and St. Thomas Court (Bradley and King 1987, 1, 57). Shown on Speed's map (1610) as James Gate (Gillespie 1973, 33). A medieval well (DU018-020055-) called St. James's Well stood to the S of St. James's Gate. In 1620 the Dublin Assembly Rolls recorded that; 'James Veldon, tanner, shall have a lease for tearme of fourscore and nyneteene yeares uppon a voyd plott of ground without Saint James gate, on the north side thereof, bonding from the said gate to a howse which the said James houldeth neere thereunto, contayneing in breadth from the said gate in the east to the said howse in the west twentie three foote [7m], and in the sowth and north end twentie eight foote [8.5m], and in length from the said gate in the sowth to the well called Saint James well in the north fortie five foote [13.7m] at the yearelie rent of twentie shillinges, sterling current mony in England (CARD Vol. 3, 127). In 1625 the Dublin Assembly Rolls recorded that the; 'masters of the cittie workes shall furthwith cause Saint James gate to be repaired and amended at the charge of the citty, if the company of glovers be not tyed to it by theire lease' (ibid., 190). A pattern and large fair was held at this well in front of the St James's Gate annually on the 25th of July, the feastday of Saint James the Apostle (Clarke 2002, 28). In 1610 Barnaby Rich wrote the following about a St. James' Well on the W side of Dublin City; 'On the west part of Dublin they have St. Jeames his well, and his feast is celebrated the 25. of Julie, and upon that day, a great Mart or faire is kept fast by the Well. The commoditie that is there to be vented, is nothing else but Ale, no other merchandize but only Ale: I thinke such another Faire was never heard of in any other place, where a man can not buy so much as a penniworth of pins, but what money hee hath to bestow, hee must lay it out for Ale, and yet it carries the name of S. James his faire. The multitude of rascall people that useth to frequent this faire, are first accustomed to perform certaine ceremonies at S. James his well, in casting the water, backward and forward, on the right side and on the left, and over their heads; then drinking a draught of the water, they go into the Faire, and there installing themselves in some Brothel-booth, they sit and drinke drunke all the day after' (Rich 1610, 52-3). See attached Rocque's 1756 Map of Dublin City showing the location of St. James's Gate and Speed's 1610 map of Dublin City which shows St James's Gate as No. 56 and 1886 OSi City of Dublin: sheet XVIII.56 ("City of Dublin," held by Ordnance Survey Ireland. © Public domain. Digital content: © Ordnance Survey Ireland, published by UCD Library, University College Dublin <http://digital.ucd.ie/view/ucdlib:40905>) Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 21 April 2023
- DU018-020037: Gateway, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020037-. St Patrick's Gate controlled entrance and exit of traffic at the S end of St Patrick Street (King’s highway) and is mentioned in 1250 and again in a deed of 1305 which stated that a ditch presumably the town ditch without the wall, near Bertram’s Court, was granted to Roger de Asheburn. The deed stated that the ditch stretched from the tenements near the Newgate (DU018-020200-) as far as the ground near St Patrick’s Gates towards the south and lying in breadth between the place where the fairs are held and the wall of the city of Dublin (Gilbert 1854-9, 239). It probably indicated the S extent of the suburb outside St. Nicholas’ Gate (DU018-020022-), in Patrick Street (Bradley and King 1987, Vol. 1, 57; Clarke 2002, 21). The Dublin White Book recorded in 1250 a grant from the Citizens of Dublin to ‘Richard Du Chartris and Agnes, his wife: The tower next to St. Patrick’s Gate, on the western side, at the yearly rent of four shillings of silver; with reservation of free ingress and egress. If the buildings on the tower should be ruined by fire, or otherwise, Richard and his wife are, at their own cost, to re-edify and maintain them’ (Gilbert 1889, Vol. 1, 86). Another grant from c. 1252 in the Dublin White Book recorded a grant; 'To Reimund of Poitou: The entire Gate of St. Patrick's, with cellars and appurtenances, easements underneath and on each side, and the custody of the gate during life. Reservation of ingress and egress. Annual rent, half a mark of silver' (Gilbert 1889 Vol. 1, 90). Gilbert (1854-9, Vol. 1, 257) recorded that the ancient laws of the city contain the following enactment : "The second watchman (vigilator) shall begin his patrole at the New-gate, and so through the High-street to the new Tholsel, and so far as St. Patrick's Gate, including Rochel-street (vicus Rupelle), and the three lanes (venellae), namely, St. Audoen's-lane, Gillamocholmog's-lane, and the other lane leading to the house of Thomas le Marechal." In 1390 the Christ Church Deeds recorded that the Mayor and community of Dublin granted to, ‘Thomas Mawereward, of Dublin, a messuage without the gate of St. Patrick's, extending on the east from the corner of the stone wall, without the said gate, beside the King's highway, as far as the arches of the old schools there, and from the said highway beyond the watercourse of the Mill del Poll up to the land of the said schools’ (Anon. 1888, No. 255). The Calendar of Archbishop Alen’s Register recorded that, ’the street (vicus) is two-fold, sc St Patrick’s church and St Patrick’s Street; similarly the gate is two-fold’ (RSAI Alen Register, 232). John Speed's map of Dublin from 1610 depicted a gateway standing at the S end of St. Patrick Street, to the W of St Patrick’s Cathedral with the Poddle river immediately to the E of the gateway. The gateway is depicted as a freestanding crenellated gateway with tall arched entrance guarding the junction between the medieval roadway annotated on Speed’s map as ‘St Patricks Street’ to the N and New Street to the S. The gateway stands between two rows of terraced houses flanking either side of New Street, one of these buildings on the W side may have been the tower mentioned in the grant of 1250. The stream known as the Poddle flowed southwards in front of the row of houses to the E of the gateway. Exchequer Decree No. 33 in the year 1658 between Robert Bennett and the Attorney General decreed on behalf of the plaintiff related to ‘1 castle & 6 messuages near St Patrick’s gate in Dublin suburbs in the Liberties of the Archbishop of Dublin’ (PRONI T808/15020). Cross-reference with Dublin City Defences DU018-020001-. Compiled by: Caimin O'Brien
- DU018-020039: Gatehouse, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020039-. Whitefriars' Gatehouse appears to have been located in the middle of the road at junction between Golden Lane, Ship Street and Whitefriar Street and is named after the friars of the Carmelite Priory (DU018-020049-) located 90m to the S. Whitefriars' Gate is depicted as a freestanding rectangular-shaped tower aligned on a N-S axis rising above a vaulted archway/gateway which traversed the W end of 'St. Stevens Street' (18) on Speed's 1610 map of Dublin. On this map it is shown standing on the W end of the street where it curves around at the junction with Ship Street, Golden Lane and White Friar Street. A building annotated W.H for Watch House and outlined as a rectangular-shaped structure aligned E-W standing in the centre of the street on Rocque's 1756 Map of Dublin is located in close proximity to the site of the medieval Whitefriars' Gate It is not clear whether this structure is built on the site of the medieval gate or at a short distance to the W of the site of the gatehouse. Clarke (1978) shows the position of Whitefriars' Gate to the N of the junction between Ship Street and Stephens Street (Bradley and King 1987, 1, 58; FMD map 1978, B20). The Dublin City Assembly Roll of 1465 recorded that the city granted the prior and convent of the Carmelite's (DU018-020049-) of Dublin the lane that went from the church of Saint Stephen's (DU018-020593-) to the church of Saint Kevin's (DU018-020078-) with the right to build a gateway at both ends of the lane (CARD 1, 321). In 1502 the Dublin City Assembly Roll recorded that; 'Sir Nicholas Kenan, chaplyn of Seynt Patri[c]ks of Du[b]lyng [DU018-020086-], schall hawe the towre [tower] over the yatte [gate] by the White Frerys goyng to Seynt Stewnes [Stephen's] for xxxi yere terme next folowyng the dat[e] thereof, and he to pay yerly unto the citte xii d. ayer of godde lawfull money, and a c. of applys [apples] at every Cristymas to the May[o]r for the ye[a]r beying, and the said xii d. to be payd to hym that schall kepe the yatt [gate] to make it fast' (CARD 1, 388). No visible surface remains. There was a second gate on Whitefriars Street (Clarke 2002, 22) which may be the 15th century gate built by the Carmelite Friars (DU018-020049-) in the 15th century. It is not clear whether the above 1465 reference relates to this Whitefriars' gate or to a second unlocated gate which stood on Whitefriars' Street. See attached Whitefriars' Gate marked E19 on the Map of Medieval Dublin (Clarke 2002, 22) and section of Speed's 1610 map of Dublin showing the tower at the W end of St Stephen's Street labelled 18 at the junction with the street leading down to the Carmelite Friary (DU018-020049-) known as the 'White Friers' which is labelled number 21 on the 1610 map. See attached section of Rocque's 1756 Map of Dublin showing the location of the Watch House annotated W.H. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 23 November 2022
- DU018-020040: Bridge, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020040-. Known as Castle Bridge this provided access to Dublin Castle from Castle Street (Bradley & King 1987, 37). Excavations in this area between 1985-6 exposed the outer portion of the Castle moat opposite the outer main entrance, the outer edge of the moat curved in at this point to abut one end of a large rectangular barbican aligned on the entrance (Lynch & Manning 1987, 178) (FMD map 1978, C1; Clarke 2002, 22). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 2 August 2012
- DU018-020041: Bridge, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020041-. Known as 'St. Nicholas' Bridge, this spanned the Poddle River immediately outside St. Nicholas' Gate (Bradley & King 1987, 1, 38). Shown on Clarkes map (FMD map 1978; C2). There are no visible remains above ground. Compiled by : Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 2 August 2012
- DU018-020042: Bridge, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020042-. Father Matthew Bridge occupies the site of 'Ostmans Bridge' the earliest bridge over the River Liffey. Dating from the 11th century it comprised a series of causeways reaching as far as the central channel (Clarke 1978, 8). This was replaced by a succession of bridge foundations, remains of which were recovered in 1816 when the present bridge was built (Gilbert 1854-9, 1, 322). The foundation of the older bridge stood upon ruins which comprised regularly laid stones on a platform of oak timbers supported by small piles (Bradley and King 1987, 1, 36; FMD map 1978 C3). The bridge completed in 1428 was of four unequal stone-arched spans and was in use until the early 17th century when it fell into disrepair (De Courcy 1996, 149-52; Tutty 1981, 23-33). Gwynn and Hadcock recorded the following details about this bridge, marked 'Old Bridge' on Speed's Map of Dublin 1610; 'The [Dominican Friary] church [DU018-020050-] was consecrated in 1402 and in 1428 a bridge, called "the Old Bridge', was completed to connect the friary with its schools of St. Thomas Aquinas on the other side of the river, where philosophy and divinity were taught'. A 19th-century view (c. 1810) of the Four Courts painted from Merchants Quay on the opposite bank of the Liffey by William Sadler, shows the four-arched 15th century Bridge of Dublin shortly before it was pulled down. See attached Speed's Map of Dublin 1610 which shows the 'Old Bridge' annotated Number 5 and 19th century painting of the bridge by William Sadler Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 22 November 2022
- DU018-020043: Bridge, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020043-. Known as 'Pole Gate Bridge' this lay immediately outside the Pole Gate spanning the Poddle River. It is mentioned in a document in 1574 (Gilbert 1854-9, 3, 358, Bradley & King 1987, 1, 38; FMD map (1978) C4). Compiled by : Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 2 August 2012
- DU018-020045: Religious house - Franciscan friars, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020045-. The present catholic church occupies the site of St. Francis friary founded founded by Ralph le Porter before c. 1233 when Henry III authorised a grant of 20 marks to the Friars Minor of Dublin for repairs to their church and houses (Cal. doc. Ire. 1. No. 2004). In 1270 the King ordered the escheator of Ireland to make immediate payment of 100 shillings to the Priors minor of Dublin for further repairs to their church (Cal. Liberate Rolls, No. 1105). In 1308, John le Decer, formerly Mayor of Dublin founded the construction of the chapel of St. Mary here (Gwynn and Hadcock, 1970, 248). An extent of the Friary in 1340 described the building as a church, cloister, cemetery and other buildings. Following the Dissolution, the friars abandoned the site and the buildings were put to secular use. In 1541 it was granted to Thomas Stephens (Bradley & King 1987, 2, 145). A total of c. 30 skeletons were exposed during excavations in the 1980's (McMahon 1988, 276). Excavations outside the walled medieval town at the junction of Francis Street and Hanover revealed building debris associated with 13th-14th century material associated with the former precinct of the friary (Halpin 1993, 24) (18:20(574). Pre-development site assessment NW of the site in 1994, at 34-36 Francis Street produced disturbed burials and fragments of medieval mid 13th century tile fragments indicating the extent of the large associated graveyard (DU018-312----) (FMD map (1978) H2, Murtagh, D, 1995, 26, Clarke 2002, 19, B2). Medieval tiles extant (Eames & Fanning 1988, 276). In 1994, at numbers 34-36 Francis Street, 84 burials were excavated by Alan Hayden. These were associated with medieval pottery and floor tiles, and the excavator suggested that the cemetery represented that of the Franciscan friary (Excavations 1994, 26, 94E0019). Excavations at Davis Place near the Franciscan friary site in 2000 revealed further human remains. Analysis of the human remains by Laureen Buckley has found that the burials consist of six juveniles, one adolescent, four young adults (17-25 years) and four middle adults (26-45 years). The adults included five males and two females (DU018-020939----). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 2 August 2012
- DU018-020046: Religious house - Augustinian friars, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020046-. The Augustinian Friary of the Holy Trinity was created about the year 1259 by one of the family of Talbot (Gilbert 1861, 1, 170). In 1282 William de Stafford left legacies to various churches including the Augustinian Friars before leaving on pilgrimage to the Holy Land (Gwynn and Hadcock 1970, 298). At the dissolution of the monastery in 1540 it was described as a 'church with belfry, a hall and dormitory' (Gilbert 1854-9, 2, Appendix 1-11; Gwynn and Hadcock 1970, 299). A total of c. 70 burials of late 12th -14th century were revealed in excavations in 1993 (Reid 1994, 29). Test excavations in 1995 indicated that remains of the friary survived on the E side of Cecilia House (Gowen 1996, 17-18) and further excavations in 1996 exposed a section of wall with a relieving arch and a corner tower (Simpson 1997, 20-21; FMD map (1978) H3, Clarke 2002, 19-20, B3)
- DU018-020048: Religious house - Cistercian monks, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020048-. The Cistercian Abbey of St. Mary is located on the N bank of the River Liffey between Capel Street and Arran Street East and is a National Monument (No. 401) in state care. It was founded in 1139 as a daughter house to the Benedictine Order of Savigny in France. In 1147 the Order adopted the Cistercian rule was made subject initially to Combermore (Cheshire)and then in 1156 a charter granted it to Abbot Ranlulf of Buildwas (Shropshire). It became one of the largest and most important medieval monasteries in Ireland (Gwynn and Hadcock 1970, 131) expanding to its greatest extent of 12,00 hectares, from Dublin and adjacent counties into Westmeath, Galway, Roscommon, Mayo and Cork. The monastic grange or farm of St Mary's, a triangular block of land which has maintained its integrity within the streetscape was bound to the west by the course of the river Bradoge from the abbey green running along Bolton Street, Dorset Street, Drumcondra Hill and Parnell Street, Summerhill and Ballybough in the south well illustrated in Speeds map of 1610 (Stout 2012, 141). All that is obvious now is the chapter house with adjoining passage or slype but and although the abbey's fine masonry was robbed out for various building projects in the general vicinity such as the construction of Essex bridge in 1687 archaeological remains may survive within and below adjacent buildings. The chapter house is rectangular in plan (L 14.3m, Wth 7.1m) with 4 rib-vaulted bays which spring from corbels and is composed of semi-circular arcs. The ribs are moulded and of Dundry stone from Bristol (Bradley & King 1987, 2, 141-144). The interior was lit by three lancet windows in the E wall (now blocked) and a S window. Excavations in 1886 exposed a stone built coffin underneath the Chapterhouse and fragments of inlaid and incised floor tiles in the area of the S transept (Donnelly 1887, 19). A portion of its cloister arcade was discovered in Cook Street in 1975 during demolition of a 17th century wall. These are stored at St. Audeon's church (Stalley 1987, 131). In the modern Carmelite Friary on White Friar St. is a medieval statue to the Blessed Virgin which apparently belonged originally to St. Mary's Abbey (FMD map (1978), H5). Extensively documented in Clarke (2002, 18-19, B6; Doran, B & L 2009, 188-201). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout and Margaret Keane Uploaded on: 21 September 2012 Revised on : 01 February 2018
- DU018-020049: Religious house - Carmelite friars, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020049-. The modern Carmelite friary on Whitefriar Street occupies the site of St. Mary's Carmelite Priory also known as the 'White Friars' with Whitefriars' Gate (DU018-020039-) 100m to N (FMD map (1978) H6). The Carmelite Priory was described in the Urban Survey of Dublin as follows; 'According to Ware this friary was founded in 1274 by Sir Robert Baggot, chief justice. The reality was a little more complex. In 1278, the friars were granted land in the city by Roger Oweyne, James de Birmingham and Nicholas Bacuir but the citizens refused permission to the friars to build. They then approached Baggot who obtained land for them in the southern suburbs of the city which he bought from the abbey of Baltinglass [WI027-024001-] (Gwynn and Hadcock 1970, 289). Licence to enclose land granted by de Birmingham and Bacuir was granted in 1280 and this presumably indicates that building works were by then in progress. The friary was surrendered in 1539 and two years later the property was granted to Nicholas Stanyhurst. When the site was examined by jurors on 18 August 1541, they found that the possessions consisted of 3 acres and that the church and other buildings had been demolished except for a small hall, a room, and a stable with two cellars (Gwynn and Hadcock 1970, 289). Later in the sixteenth century the land was granted to Francis Aungier, first baron Longford. The site is now occupied by the Carmelite friary in Whitefriar Street. In the modern Carmelite friary on Whitefriar Street is a medieval statue of the Blessed Virgin, known as Our Lady of Dublin, which appears to have belonged originally to the Cistercian house of St Mary (Stokes 1887; Donnelly 1905, iii,78-9). Standing madonna with Child in her left hand, and his feet resting in her right hand. The Child's extended arm is a replacement (MacLeod 1947, 55-7)' (Bradley and King 1987, 2, 139-40). In 1333 Murcadh Mac Nicol Ua Tuathail (O'Toole), of Imayle, was murdered in Dublin while a Parliament was being held in the Great Hall of the Monastery of the Carmelites in that city (Irish Builder 15 Sept. 1891, 210). In 1530 an inquisition taken on Friday next before the Feast of St. Philip and Jacobus, recorded that; 'it was found that this monastery contained a church, steeple, chapter-house, dormitory, two chambers, one hall, a small parcel of land, and one orchard (being half an acre of land), nine messuages, seven gardens, and two meadows, containing in the whole eleven acres lying in Dublin and the suburbs thereof' (Irish Builder 15 Sept. 1891, 210). After the suppression of the religious houses by the act of Henry VIII., the Carmelites, as well as all the other religious communities in or about the city of Dublin, seem to have settled in Cook-street, which street was from thence to about the middle of the eighteenth century a refugium for all outlawed Popish priests and friars, several of the former held their cures in the country. The Dominicans were also located in Cook street' (Irish Builder 15 Sept. 1891, 210). In 1542, Nicholas Stanyhurst was granted; 'the site, precinct, and possessions of the late priory or house of Friers Carmelites, commonly called the White Friers of Dublin; 8 messuages, 4 gardens, 2 orchards, 2 parks of pasture, and all other messuages and lands in the liberties, franchises, and suburbs of Dublin, reputed parcel of the late monastery' (Cal. pat. rolls Ire., Hen. VIII-Eliz., 89). Carmelite Priory depicted on Speed's map of 1610 where it is annotated in the index key to the city as 'White friers' (Gillespie 1973, 33; https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PR-ATLAS-00002-00061-00001/38). An inquisition, taken 11th April 1633 recorded that; 'on the 29th Nov., 1616, Robert Ball, Alderman of Dublin, was seized of the monastery and its possessions of the White Friars, Dublin. These possessions are described as one great mansional house, two gardens, four messuages, and ten acres of land; and two messuages, and two gardens in Sheepe-Streate [Shipe Street]. Alderman Robert Ball and his wife, Jane Usher, assigned the above possessions to certain trustees, who on 21st November, 1628, granted them to new trustees for the term of 99 years," for the use of Francis Aungier, 1st Baron of Longford, and Margaret, his wife, during their lives, and to the heirs male of the said Baron" (Irish Builder 15 Sept. 1891, 210). In 1701 the List of Claims as they are entered with the Trustees at Chichester House, College Green, recorded that the Carmelite Monastery was occupied by Daniel Arthur, against which premises "Sir James Butler executor to his late wife, Dame Elizabeth Butler, and administrator de bonis non, &co., to Sir Anthony Morgan, put in a claim for the sum of £676, and i1nterest from February, 1681". The claim is made "by deed of Mortgage for £200, dated 8 Augt., 1661, from Francis, Earl of Longford, to Sir Anthony Morgan, who devised to Dame Elizabeth, claimant's said wife and intestate. And, by Bond from the said Earl to claimant (who lent him so much as made the £200 £676). Penalty £1,400, dated in Feb., 1681, for which the mortgaged premises were to be a security." The premises are thus described: 'The house, scite, and precinct of the late Priory of White Fryers, with the appurtenances, in the City of Dublin" (Irish Builder 15 Sept. 1891, 210). In 1752 the first Methodist chapel (DU018-020164-) in Ireland was opened at Whitefriar Street, partially on the site of the medieval Carmelite Priory (Smith 1830, 41; Warburton, Whitelaw and Walsh 1818, 825). This meeting house is depicted on Rocque's Map of 1756. The present Carmelite R.C. Church was built in 1825 on the site of the medieval foundation (McCready 1892, 142). In 1825; 'Rev. John Spratt, D.D., then Prior of the order purchased a narrow slip of ground in York Row (now Whitefriar-place), on which the foundation-stone of the present church was laid on the 25th Oct., 1825, by the Most Rev. Dr. Murray, R.C. Archbp. of Dublin. The new church, which was designed by George Papworth, Esq., architect, consecrated by the same archbishop on the 11th of Nov., 1827. The church (which since that time has been considerably enlarged) was 200 ft. in length by 84 ft. in width, having its principal front in Whitefriar-st. The southern side along Whitefriar-place, consists of sixteen circular-headed windows, placed at intervals of 5 ft., having ornamental architraves. Above these windows is a sunken tablet, bearing the following inscription :-" GLORIOSAE MATRI ET DECORI CARMELI D." Since 1825, the Carmelites have enlarged both their church and convent, so much so that their present premises cover all the ground on which the original monastery stood' (Irish Builder 1891, 210). In 1856 'The Carmelite church having been found to be too small to contain the numerous congregations attending it, a new aisle was added to its northern side, parallel to the original structure. There were several bays made in the north wall, for the purpose of uniting the two buildings. These bays were divided by heavy, unsightly pillars of solid masonry which greatly disfigured the appearance of the original building. In 1863, further addition was added by another chapel erected still northward, and was divided from the last mentioned aisle by beautiful chiselled limestone columns, which bore a very bad contrast with those which divided the nave and chancel from the new aisle first added. A few years since, the Fathers of the Carmelite Order purchased the old Methodist Meeting-house in Whitefriar-street, which they converted into a school-house. At the rere of this old building was the ancient cemetery of the Carmelite community, and in 1886, whilst excavating for additional buildings, there was found a stone, supposed to be a headstone, bearing in alto-relievo two figures-male and female. We were fortunate on our visit in meeting Mr. Milman, F.R.S.A.I., who was of opinion that the effigies are those of Sir Francis Aungier, Knt., and his Lady' (Irish Builder 15
- DU018-020050: Religious house - Dominican friars, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020050-. Part of the Four Courts occupies the site of the Chapel of St. Saviour which was given to the Dominicans in 1224 (Clarke 1978, H7). It was located on the E side of the N end of the medieval bridge across the Liffey (L 36m, Wth 34.2m) (De Courcy 1996, 347). Its precinct extended to Church Street, Chancery Place, and from Chancery Street to the river. The Friary Church was opened in 1238 (Gwynn and Hadcock 1970, 224). In 1285 the King granted 30 oaks for the fabric of the church (Bradley & King 1988, 145-146). In 1304 a fire in Oxmanstown burned down much of the priory, which was later re-built. Shortly afterwards Eustace le Poer laid the foundation stone of a new Dominican church and John le Decer, the mayor (provost), was a great benefactor in 1308 (Gwynn and Hadcock 1970, 225). According to Gwynn and Hadcock (1970, 225); 'When the Citizens of Dublin thought that Edward Bruce was about to occupy the city in 1315 (1316) they pulled down parts of the friary, which lay beyond the river and outside the city walls [DU018-020001-], in case he should occupy it, and they used the stones to strengthen the walls, St. Audoen's Arch and Wine-Tavern Gate; after Bruce had turned aside from Dublin, Edward I ordered the citizens to restore the friary'. Kenwrick Sherman, mayor before 1349, built the east window of the church and the bell-tower, below which he was buried in 1351; the steeple was blown down in a gale ten years later. In 1380 there appear to have been at least 29 friars. The church was consecrated in 1402 and in 1428 a bridge, called "the Old Bridge' [DU018-020042-], was completed to connect the friary with its schools of St. Thomas Aquinas on the other side of the river, where philosophy and divinity were taught. In 1459 parliament granted an annual payment of £10 for repairs. According to Kenny (1986, 108) in 1520 the 'Convent hall' of the Dominicans had been one of the locations to which the courts were then temporarily removed from Dublin Castle (DU018-020488-). Patrick Hay, the prior, surrendered the friary 8th July 1539. On 12th March 1541 the extent into the dissolved 'House of Friars Preachers near the city of Dublin' recorded that; 'The priory church can be thrown down; the value of the timber, glass, iron and stones is not known. The other buildings on the site etc. with a cemetery and other accomodations cont[ains]. 3 acr[es]., and are worth nothing above repairs' (White 1943, 53). The priory church could be pulled down and the materials sold, and that other buildings on the site of 3 acres were worth nothing above repairs; the possessions included c. 93 acres, two messuages, 21 tenements or cottages, etc., val. £12 17s. 10d., excluding two tenements then waste (Gwynn and Hadcock 1970, 225). In 1542 the priory was granted, with the friaries of Trim and Skreen, to Sir Thomas Cusack, 8s. 5d. after payment of a lump sum. In 1578 the priory, church and site of 3 acres were granted to the Earl of Ormond. In 1582 Queen Elizabeth ordered her lord deputy to 'remove the Courts to the Inns, called the King's Inns in Dublin, which place was formerly a monastery belonging to the Dominican's' (Kenny 1986, 108). In 1609 the Black Book of the King's Inns recorded that the Court of Chancery had been lately kept in the Fryars Hall, the Exchequer in the Dortor (Dormitory), the Common Pleas in the North end of the Dortor and the King's Bench in a place that was 'sometimes Sir Robert Dillon's Chamber' (Kenny 1986, 111). In 1758 the Rolls Office at the King's Inns was 'vulgarly called the Cloysters' (Kenny 1986, 115) which may suggest that the King's Inns was built on the cloister of the 13th century Dominican Priory. The present Four Courts designed by Cooley and Gandon opened in 1796 and was completed in 1802. Kenny (1986, 107) stated that the 'new courts [Four Courts] were constructed on part of the site of the old King's Inns, where earlier had grown the gardens and orchard of a dissolved Dominican friary known as Blackfriars'. A narrow tall rectangular building (No. 3) aligned on a N-S axis with S gable facing the quays is annotated 'The Innes' on Speeds map of Dublin, 1610, where it is shown standing in the W quadrant of a battlemented walled enclosure/gardens of St Saviour's Dominican Priory (DU018-020050-) (Speed 1611-12; https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PR-ATLAS-00002-00061-00001/38). On the map this building appears to have formed the E line of a rectangular walled bawn or courtyard (possible cloister of Dominican Priory) the W side of which is formed by a row of houses facing onto Church St. with 'The Bridge' (no. 5) crossing the Liffey immediately to the S. Excavations revealed 13th-14th stone fragments (McMahon 1988, 307-8; Clarke 2002, 19, B8). See attached Speed's Map of Dublin 1610 which shows the King's Inns Number 3 that was built on the site of the Dominican Friary Compiled by : Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 22 November 2022
- DU018-020051: Religious house - Augustinian canons, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020051-. The Augustinian Priory of St. Thomas the Martyr was founded by Henry II in 1177 becoming one of the most important religious houses in medieval Dublin (Gwynn & Hadcock 1970, 172). In 1250 Henry III ordered that a quantity of stone intended for building the Abbey Church, seized by the Mayor of Bristol in order to build their castle should be restored to the abbot (Gwynn and Hadcock 1970, 172). They were one of the most important ecclesiastical foundations of medieval Dublin. At the Dissolution in 1539 their monastic possessions included a hall with a tower, a chamber and an upper room and other buildings. Their possessions included c. 2, 300 acres with two manors, three castles together with many messuages, cottages and shops. In 1545 the monastery with lands were granted to William Brabazon (op cit. Bradley & King 1987, 2, 138). Shown on Speeds map of 1610 as Thomas Court (Gillespie 1973, 33). Excavations in 1995 uncovered a ditch (Wth 7m, D 1.5m) which was thought to mark the S boundary of St. Thomas's Abbey (Murtagh 1996, 18). This ditch dated to the 12th-century. Some decorated floor-tiles were amongst the artefacts recovered (Johnston 1985, 9-12, 44-7). In 1996 the S wall of the church was exposed in Meath Market. This was associated with a cobbled floor and ceramic pavements in situ. In 1999 excavations at Hanbury Lane revealed a section of clay bonded walling, Dundry stone and line impressed tiles (DU018-020972-). There were 17 burials exposed at the site (Walsh 2000, 185-202; Clarke 2002, 19, B 9)(DU018-138----). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 02 August 2012
- DU018-020052: House - 17th century, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020052-. Craig (1969, 87-8, 329) mentions the existence of two late 17th century Dutch Billies on this site. The distinctive features of these buildings was that the roof-ridge ran at right angles to the street with the front gables, in the most characteristic examples, being masked by quadrants sweeping up to very flat curved or triangular pediments. These houses were built of brick, normally on stone foundations, and designed to stand in continuous terraces. Very often economy was achieved by the use of corner fireplaces so that two houses might share a single huge chimney-stack. The returns generally contained a small closet on each floor, and the roof-pitch was steeper than became usual later in the century (Craig 1980, 86-87). They were typically divided into two or three rooms that contained corner fireplaces and had compact floors of either cobbles or redbrick. The lower walls were generally constructed out of calp limestone, over which upper courses of redbrick had been laid. In many instances the houses shared party walls and corner chimneys suggesting that they were laid out to a single organised plan. They were demolished in about 1955. There are no visible remains above ground. Compiled by : Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 3 August 2012
- DU018-020053: School, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020053-. The Friends of Medieval Dublin Map (1978, K1) show Common Schoolhouse off Ram Lane at the junction of Burrris Court and St Audeon's. There are no visible surface remains above ground. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 03 August 2012
- DU018-020054: School, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020054-. Cathedral School mentioned in 1233 that was located to the S of St Patrick's Cathedral (DU018-020269- ) within the grounds of the present Cathedral (Clarke 2002, 28). In 1364 Archbishop Allen’s Register (McNeill 1950, 216) recorded that Lionel, Duke of Clarence, son of the King of England and lieutenant in Ireland requested that the Dean and Chapter of St Patrick’s ‘find a fit friar of the order of Augustinian Hermits to read theology in the school-house of the said dean and chapter at Dublin for ever, and to pay 10 marks a year at agreed terms to the prior and convent of the said order at Dublin’. Today there are no surface remains visible of the medieval schoolhouse. Compiled by: Caimin O'Brien
- DU018-020055: Ritual site - holy well, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020055-. The Obelisk Fountain (NIAH Reg. No. 50080307) on the W end of James's Street opposite St James' Church (DU018-020346-) was locally believed to have been built on the site of the medieval St James's Well that was described in 1610 (Branigan 2012, 82). However the fountain stands 320m W of St. James's Gate (DU018-020035-) and this location does not match the description of the well in the 1620 lease to James Veldon which was was around 14m away from the medieval gate. In 1620 the Dublin Assembly Rolls recorded that; 'James Veldon, tanner, shall have a lease for tearme of fourscore and nyneteene yeares uppon a voyd plott of ground without Saint James gate [DU018-020035-], on the north side thereof, bonding from the said gate to a howse which the said James houldeth neere thereunto, contayneing in breadth from the said gate in the east to the said howse in the west twentie three foote [7m], and in the sowth and north end twentie eight foote [8.5m], and in length from the said gate in the sowth to the well called Saint James well in the north fortie five foote [13.7m] at the yearelie rent of twentie shillinges, sterling current mony in England (CARD Vol. 3, 127). A pattern and large fair was held at this well annually on the 25th of July, the feastday of Saint James the Apostle (Clarke 2002, 28). In 1610 Barnaby Rich wrote the following about a St. James' Well on the W side of Dublin City; 'On the west part of Dublin they have St. Jeames his well, and his feast is celebrated the 25. of Julie, and upon that day, a great Mart or faire is kept fast by the Well. The commoditie that is there to be vented, is nothing else but Ale, no other merchandize but only Ale: I thinke such another Faire was never heard of in any other place, where a man can not buy so much as a penniworth of pins, but what money hee hath to bestow, hee must lay it out for Ale, and yet it carries the name of S. James his faire. The multitude of rascall people that useth to frequent this faire, are first accustomed to perform certaine ceremonies at S. James his well, in casting the water, backward and forward, on the right side and on the left, and over their heads; then drinking a draught of the water, they go into the Faire, and there installing themselves in some Brothel-booth, they sit and drinke drunke all the day after' (Rich 1610, 52-3). In 1757 Dr. Rutty tested the water from the well of 'St. James's' which he located in Watling Street (Rutty 1757, Table 1 CC). A possible site of the well was marked in this location by the Friends of Medieval Dublin Map (1978, D1). This would have been one of the conduits which supplied water to the inhabitants of Medieval Dublin (UASCD, 1978, Vol 11, 149). A fountain marked at this location on the 1886 OSi City of Dublin: sheet XVIII.56 matches closely the location of the well as described in the 1620 lease to James Veldon. Cross-reference with DU018-468---- See attached Rocque's 1756 Map of Dublin City showing the location of St. James's Gate and 1886 OSi City of Dublin: sheet XVIII.56 ("City of Dublin," held by Ordnance Survey Ireland. © Public domain. Digital content: © Ordnance Survey Ireland, published by UCD Library, University College Dublin <http://digital.ucd.ie/view/ucdlib:40905>) Rutty, J. 1757 The Mineral Waters of Ireland. Dublin. Branigan, G. 2012 Ancient and Holy Wells of Ireland. The History Press Ireland. Dublin. Compiled by: Caimin O'Brien Date of upload: 21 April 2023
- DU018-020056: Watercourse, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020056-. At the W end of High Street, Jean Le Decer, Mayor of Dublin in 1308 erected a marble conduit (Gilbert 1861, I, 250; 408-415; (FMD 1978, D2). There are no visible surface remains. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 03 August 2012
- DU018-020058: House - 17th century, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020058-. A 1793 print of the west end of St Patrick’s Cathedral (DU018-020269-) by James Malton shows a terrace of Dutch Billy houses (Dutch Gable-Fronted Houses) on the E side of Patrick Street to the north of the Cathedral which have been levelled (NGI 2620). Today there no surface remains visible of this terrace of 17th-century houses which may have been shops built by Huguenots who took up residence in this area in the late 17th-century. In 1665 a chapel inside St Patrick’s Cathedral was assigned to the Huguenot community in Dublin (Curtis 2013). The Malton print of 1793 shows five gable fronted houses with their long axis aligned E-W, tall lateral brick-chimney stacks are visible rising high above the steeply pitched roofline of the houses. The houses appear to be two storeys high with triangular and curvilinear-shaped gable fronted attics lit by double windows. The triangular-shaped gable fronted houses have two tall vertical sash windows at first floor level with a single tall window at attic level. A horizontal string-course moulding is depicted above the windows at first floor level marking the attic floor level. Beneath the string course the first floor was lit by two long vertical sash windows. The façade of the ground floor was covered by an open-fronted timber lean-to structure projecting outwards from the building. The lean-to timber planked structure fronting onto Patrick Street was supported by vertical timber posts. These Dutch Billy’s appear to have been shops at ground floor level with residential accommodation on the upper floor. Possible cuts of meat/animal carcasses/sacks are visible in the print hanging down between the vertical posts from the roof-line of the lean-to structure. A lean-to is a type of simple structure originally added to an existing building with the rafters "leaning" against another wall. These Dutch Billy Houses may be the same buildings numbered ‘1’, ‘6’ and ‘5’ on a map drawn in 1890 by the Cathedral Architect, Thomas Drew (Drew 1891). This map was based on an earlier map drawn in 1750, known as Kendrick’s map. According to this map house No. 1 was the property of ‘Michael Kearney’, house No. 6 was the property of Rotton or Rollon, house No. 5 belonged to ‘Hy. Hunt’ which on the map are recorded as ‘Removed 1824’. House plot No. 5 measured 42 from long facing onto Patrick Street by 54 feet deep and the backside or west end measured 30 feet 6 inches wide. House plot No. 6 measured 38 feet long facing onto Patrick Street by 56 feet deep and the backside or west end measured 24 feet wide. Plot No. 1 belonging to Michael Kearney measured 50 feet long facing onto Patrick Street by 220 feet deep running parallel to Walker’s Alley. These properties belonged to the Oeconomy of St Patrick’s Cathedral. Dublin’s Dutch Billy’s were reputedly named after William of Orange, and their arrival in Dublin is generally attributed to an influx of French Huguenots after 1685 and to Dutch and Flemish Protestants fleeing persecution after 1690 (Craig 1980, 86-7). Excavations in Dublin including Smithfield by Franc Myles and at Newmarket by William Frazer revealed that this Anglo-Dutch building style was prevalent In Dublin as early as the 1660s. The distinctive features of these ‘Dutch Billy ‘houses was that the roof-ridge ran at right angles to the street with the front gables, in the most characteristic examples, being masked by quadrants sweeping up to very flat curved or triangular pediments. These houses were built of brick, normally on stone foundations, and designed to stand in continuous terraces. Very often economy was achieved by the use of corner fireplaces so that two houses might share a single huge chimney-stack. The returns generally contained a small closet on each floor, and the roof-pitch was steeper than became usual later in the century (ibid.). Compiled by: Caimin O'Brien
- DU018-020059: Ritual site - holy well, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020059-. Annotated 'St. Patrick's Well (Site of)' on the 1863 edition of the OSi 25-inch map where the site is shown located on the E side of Patrick Street to the NW of St. Patrick's Cathedral (DU018-020269-) beneath the row of levelled seventeenth-century houses (DU018-020058-) known as ‘Dutch Billys’ that were drawn on James Malton’s 1793 print of the W end of the cathedral. The holy well was described by the English Cistercian monk, Jocelin of Furness (1185-1200) in his twelfth-century ‘Life of St Patrick’ as the ‘Fountain of Dublini' or the 'Fountain of St. Patrick' (Clarke 2002, 18). 'The Life and Acts of St. Patrick' written in 1185 by Jocelin of Furness, recorded the following legend about the origins of this well; 'Saint Patrick while abiding in this village was entertained at the house of a woman, who often in his presence complained of the want of fresh water. For the river [Poddle] that ran near it, was by the flowing in of the tide of the sea made wholly salt of taste, nor before the return thereof could any fresh water be obtained unless drawn at a great distance. But the saint who continually thirsted after God, the Living Fountain, compassionated the grievance of his hostess and of the multitude then newly born unto Christ, and the rather that they might the more ardently pant toward the Fountain of Life, thought he fit to shew its virtue. Therefore on the morrow he went unto a certain place, and in the presence of many standing around he prayed, and touched the earth with the Staff of Jesus, and in the name of the Lord produced from it a clear fountain. Thus with the Staff in the hand of his Preacher, Saint Patrick, did the Lord renew the Miracle which of old time he had deigned to work by the Rod in the hand of Moses striking the Rock: - there the Rock twice struck flowed forth abundant waters; - here the Earth once pierced poured forth a pure fountain. And this is the Fountain of Dublini , wide in its stream, plenteous in its course, sweet to the taste, which, as is said, hath many infirmities; and even to this day is rightly called The Fountain of Saint Patrick' (O'Haloran 1823, 91-2). The siting of the holy well was described in 1509 by Andowe, as located ‘near the house of the Prebendary of Howth’ (Drew 1901, 293). In 1590 Archbishop Ussher described the siting of the well as follows; ‘In the enclosure [precinct wall] of the church of St. Patrick, not far from the tower [west end], we have seen that fount of St. Patrick at which Dublin neophytes were baptized, lately enclosed among houses and choked up’ (Drew 1901, 293). In the eighteenth century Dr. John Lyon, treasurer of St Patrick’s Cathedral who lived in a manse in the precinct of the cathedral stated that the well was located ‘in the outer court of the Archdeacon of Glendaloch’s Cloister’ (ibid.). In 1793 James Malton who illustrated the western façade of the Cathedral wrote that St Patrick’s Well was located ‘under the hall of the house seen beyond the ruin’ in his drawing (ibid.). The Cathedral Architect, Thomas Drew concluded that the well was located at a spot on the roadway of Patrick Street and under the pavement. The holy well site was described in the late nineteenth century by the Cathedral Architect, Thomas Drew (1891, 3-4) as follows; 'Antiquaries of reverent instinct, and ecclesiologists are hereby warned of a coming chance of recovery of this famous and sacrosanct well, on the restoration of the ground sometime desecrated as a public street, "non procul a campanili," and within the area of the houses marked on my map as in possession of Henry Hunt, or Rotton, in 1750, removed by the Wide Streets Commission in 1824. Bearing in mind that the inevitable accumulation process in city bounds has in seven centuries raised the surface of the ground 6 feet [1.8m], and perhaps more, above the ancient ground level, a hope may he entertained by the pious that the well of St. Patrick is not lost for ever. It may be added that the so-called well of St. Patrick, shown in the south transept, is no well, and but a small collection of surface water in a hollow, not seven inches deep; nor has it any pretensions to antiquity or sanctity. It must of necessity be drainage from adjoining vaults, in which are recorded many interments of the Loftus families and others'. It was speculated that the possible site of the well was uncovered in 1901 by Mr Spencer Harty, the City Surveyor, during drainage works carried out by Dublin Corporation on the Poddle in Patrick Street, within 10 feet [3m] of the location indicated by Thomas Drew in the late nineteenth century. According to Mr Harty the well was located in front of the west door of the Cathedral (Ronan 1941, 1). The discovery of this well was described as follows; ‘He soon found the ancient causeway of Patrick-street lower by six feet [1.8m] than the present one, within a few feet of the spot instinctively indicated. The record of the Well was at once verified by the finding of a very ancient cross [DU018-282----], or, rather, two crosses, inscribed in high relief on a great granite stone. The well itself had disappeared. Mr. Harty, with me, attributes this to a diversion of the Poddle by an arched culvert which directed the water-power along the west front of the Cathedral, turned a corn mill built against the west front of the Cathedral itself, and gave its name to the "Cross Poddle," and went on to grind at other mills. This diversion, and its great stone culvert, was probably made in the time of Charles II. [1660-85], and eliminated the Well itself. It could be no mere coincidence that this remarkable stone, found by Mr. Harty built into the north wall of the Poddle culvert, was on the exact spot where St. Patrick's Well was looked for’ (Drew 1901, 294; Kelly 1905, 640). Today there are no surface remains visible. The site of the holy well is depicted on the 1863 edition of the OSi 25-inch map to the N of the find spot of the cross-slab. It is more likely that the holy well was located in the area to the NW of the cathedral and not in the area where the cross-slab was discovered in 1901. The siting of the holy well beneath the Dutch Billy houses to the N of St Patrick’s Cathedral is based on the description of the site location by Archbishop Ussher and James Malton and this location is the area depicted as ‘St Patrick’s Well (Site of)’ on the OSi 25-inch map. Compiled by: Caimin O'Brien
- DU018-020062: Religious house - Fratres Cruciferi, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020062-. The present Augustinian friary of St John the Baptist and the buildings of John's Lane Distillery occupies the site of the 12th century friary and hospital (Fratres Cruciferi/Crutched Friars) which was situated outside the Newgate [DU018-020377-] on the N side of Thomas Street (Gwynn & Hadcock 1970, 212; Bradley and King 1987, 147-8). According to Clarke (2002, 28) St John the Baptist's Hospital (Fratres Cruciferi) was established in 1174 on land 'aside for hospital for males and females'. McNeill (1925, 58) stated that the hospital had been, 'established and at work for some time before 1188, when it received formal confirmation and substantial privileges from Pope Clement III'. The hospital was founded by; 'Ailred the Palmer, of whom Ware states that he was an Ostman, one of the Norse citizens of Dublin before the Anglo Normans seized the city. His wife also was a native of Dublin, and inherited a burgage within the walls. Their residence, how ever, was outside the West Gate, afterwards known as the New Gate, and was on the northern side of the road leading to Kilmainham. On their curtilage without the West Gate they constructed at their own expense a double hospital and religious house for men and for women. They themselves took monastic vows and gathered about them a number of fellow-workers under the same obligation. On this establishment they bestowed all their lands and goods, and they obtained from their over-lords, Milo le Bret, for Tech Guaire, Stahgori or Palmerstown by Chapelizod, and Richard de Stotesden, Chamberlain of Hugh de Lacy, for Glenn Uisce or Palmerstown in Fingall, releases of their superior rights by way of grants in frankalmoign to the new Hospital; the King of England, as supreme feudal lord, made the same grant, and thus appears as an original founder. It was separately organised to be a house of Canons Regular of S. Augustine, though afterwards it adopted the rule of the Cruciferi, Cross-bearing Crouched Friars' (ibid.). The siting of the hospital was described by McNeil (1925, 59) as follows; 'the site of the new hospital appears to have been at that time very suitable for its purpose. On the east it was bounded by the city wall and ditch, on the south by S. Thomas Street, always a wide thoroughfare and market-place outside the walls, on west mostly by open fields, and on the north by the potters' quarter, the Vicus figulorum of Latin deeds, in daily use called Crockers' Street or Crockers' Lane [Mullinahack]'. The parish boundaries between 'S. Audoen's and S. James's running from the now Cornmarket northerly direction for about 500 feet, then turning at a right and running west; these two lines with S. Thomas Street give the eastern, northern and southern limits of S. John's House; the western boundary is confused by buildings, rebuildings and alterations. Down to 1748 the site remained undivided in the possession of the family which had bought it from the Crown in Edward VI's reign. It came then to be sold as an encumbered estate by the Court of Chancery, and was advertised as "the Cite, Ambit and Precinct of the late dissolved Hospital, Priory or Religious House of St. John the Baptist, situate, lying and being without Newgate, in the County of the City of Dublin, bounded on the north to Crokers Lane, bounding on Captain Molyneux his Malt House, containing about five Hundred Feet in length; on the south to the King's Pavement in St. Thomas Street, containing four Hundred Feet or thereabouts, and on the west to Mr. Pearson's Buildings, containing seven Hundred Feet or thereabouts. Within these bounds the area is something over four statute acres. The tower of the church stood until about the year 1800, and was then pulled down. Thus vanished the last visible memorial of one of the earliest charities in the City of Dublin devoted to the relief of the poor and suffering. The site is now in a great part covered by the buildings of John's Lane Distillery and partly occupied by the Church and Monastery of SS. Augustine and John belonging to the Order of Augustinian Hermits'. In 1400 papal indulgences were granted to 'penitents who from the first to the second vespers of, and during the two days which follow, either of the two feasts of the Nativity and Beheading of St. John Baptist, visit and give alms for the conservation of the church, and for the sustentation of the poor, of the poor hospital of St, John Baptist, called a priory, outside the new gate of Dublin, of the order of Crouched Friars, under the rule of St. Augustine; with indult for the master, called prior, and four other priests, secular or religious, deputed yearly by him, to hear the confessions' (Cal. papal letters, Vol. 5, 303). Described in the Urban Survey of Dublin City as; 'This priory and hospital, known as "Palmer's hospital", was situated outside the New Gate. It was founded by Ailred the Palmer between 1185 and 1188. Both Ailred and his wife took monastic vows together with a number of fellow workers, who became brother and sisters. The hospital was for the poor and infirm. The sisters appear to have looked after the sick and it is clear from the register of the hospital that they had a say in its management (Brooks 1936). In 1308, John Decer, mayor of Dublin, built a chapel of St Mary in the hospital but in 1316 the church of St John and the chapel of St Magdalen were burnt down when the citizens set fire to the Thomas Street suburbs, on the approach of Bruce's army. According to Ware, 155 sick and poor were sustained apart from chaplains and brethern, in the reign of Edward III (1327-77). The hospital was dissolved in 1539 after which the church was demolished and its materials granted to William Brabazon under Treasurer of Ireland. The monastery was granted to Maurice , Earl of Thomond in 1544 and to James Sedgrave in 1552 when it still had a house with fifty beds for sickmen (Gwynn & Hadcock 1970, 212). The site is now occupied by the Augustinian friary of St John' (Bradley and King 1987, vol. 2, 147-8). Saint John's House was in possession of the watercourse (DU018-020374-/0739-) located to the W and N of the religious house which is depicted on Speed's 1610 map of Dublin City. In 1457 the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded the granting to Saint John's House 'the cowrs [course] of the watyr, lyke as they had of old tyme, beryng therfor yerly xl.s.; and they to bryn har dede by the post semble. And yf thay wold noght pay the sayden xl.s., that then John [Staines plummer] shall have the sayd water for the terme of xl. wyntyr' (CARD Vol. 1, 295-6). A year later in 1458 the Dublin White Book recorded a leasing agreement between the Mayor of Dublin and and the Prior and brethren of the house of the Hospital of Saint John the Baptist which related to the watercourse and watermills (DU018-020226-/0096-/230-) of St. John's. The conditions of the 40 yeare lease recorded the following conditions that; 'the Prior and his brethren the running water and its course from the small house called le watyrhouse, near Crokkers Barres [Gate], passing through the King's street called Saint Thomas strete and by the house of St. John the Baptist so far as the water-mill [DU018-020226-/0096-/230-] of that Hospital. The Prior and brethren may construct a fosse, from their mill [Mullinahack?] near their cemetery of the Hospital so far as the city ditch, on the south side of the bridge of Gormones [Ormonds] gate [DU018-020029-], and the water is to have free course to the Aniliffy [Liffey]. The Mayor and commonalty are, as of old, to be supervisors and of the water, to have right to easements such as washing and wringing, and to ensure that nothing noxious nor obstructive shall be cast into it. The Mayor and commonalty may also, in time of need, divert the water to fill the city ditch. Annual rent, forty shillings of silver' (CARD, Vol. 1, 171). In 1536 the Mayor and citizens of Dublin City petitioned the king; 'to graunt unto them the possessyons of the
- DU018-020063: Hospital, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020063-. The former Mercers Hospital, occupied the site of St Stephens Leper Hospital, founded by the citizens of Dublin in the 13th century, and endowed with lands at Leopardstown (Bradley & King 1987, 2, 148). At the time of the dissolution it consisted of a church with three stone houses (Gwynn and Hadcock 1970, 350). In 1665 the churchyard was walled in and in 1682 the church went out of use (Wheeler and Craig 1948, 35). In 1724 Mercers Hospital was built on the site. Excavations on the S side of Lower Stephen Street in 1991, adjacent to the former Mercer's Hospital uncovered a wall believed to be part of the complex of buildings associated with the medieval hospital (Hayden 1992, 14-15). Subsequent excavations in 1992 on an adjoining plot exposed further skeletons that dated from the 13th-19th centuries and foundations of the medieval hospital (Buckley & Hayden 2002, 151-194; Clarke 2002, 28, H2). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload:14 August 2012
- DU018-020064: Chapel, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020064-. In 1348 John De Graunsete was granted permission to construct a chapel on the stone bridge of Dublin in honour of the Virgin Mary (Berry 1898, 9). It has been suggested that the building was beside the N end of the bridge (Fr Matthew) (De Courcy 1996, 343). This is referred to in the 15th century documents as 'near the bridge'. Clarke shows it on the N side of the bridge on the Inns Quay (Bradley & King 1987, vol. 2, 132). There are no visible surface remains. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 14 August 2012
- DU018-020066: Chapel, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020066-. The medieval chapel known as the 'Lady Chapel' or 'St. Mary's Chapel' was located at the E end of Werburgh Street and stood on the S side of the chancel of St. Werburgh's Church (DU018-020090-) which stands on the site of St. Werburgh's Church of Ireland church (Clarke 2002, 20). In 1346 there is a reference in Christ Church Deeds to the new chapel of Blessed Virgin Mary (Clarke 2002, 18). In 1577 St. Mary's Chapel was annexed to St. Werburgh's Church (Holinshed 1577, 44). According to Robinson (1914, 135-6); 'St. Werburgh's [DU018-020090-] had, as we have seen, two chapels - the Lady Chapel and St. Martin's Chapel [DU018-020068-]. They were not, as was often the case, merely a part of the church fenced off by wooden screens, like the former Kildare Chapel in Christ Church Cathedral; they were buildings standing north and south of the chancel. That on the north was St. Martin's Chapel, and it gave its name to St. Martin's Lane, a short lane between the church and Castle Street, which disappeared only in the eighteenth century. Each chapel was lighted by a single window; at their east ends they had images of the Blessed Virgin and St. Martin, which seem to have stood, not in recesses, but upon brackets or 'thrones' affixed to the wall. The floors were tiled, and were strown with rushes on special occasions. A few entries relating to these chapels may be given. 1495-6. 'Item for the telyng (tiling) of ye mary chapell xiid.', 1496-7. 'Item for castyng away stones from oure lady chapell wall and all othere filth in a whele barow caried into the lane vd.' 1567-70 Item for a newe barr Iron for the wyndowe in the mary chapell xvid'. No surface remains visible of this chapel which stood on the S side of the chancel of St. Werburgh's medieval church (DU018-020090-). Robinson, J.L. 1914 Churchwardens' Accounts, 1484-1600, St. Werburgh's Church, Dublin. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, Vol. 4, No. 2, 132-142. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 2 June 2023
- DU018-020067: Chapel, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020067-. The precise location of the chapel of St Margaret in the precinct of St John's Priory and Hospital (DU018-020062-) has not been identified (Clarke 2002, 20). In 1540 after the Dissolution of the Monasteries the Hospital of St. John Baptist outside the New Gate (DU018-020377-), Dublin was described as follows; 'The church and site. After the dissolution, the church was thrown down, and the stones, tiles, timber, glass, and iron were sold by William Brabazon under-treasurer of Ireland to divers persons of the city of Dublin, whose names, and the sums paid by them, are not known. In the precinct, a house lately the chapel of St. Eligius (Eloi) [DU018-020703-], now occupied by Edmund Redman. A chapel of St. Margaret, now unoccupied for want of a tenant and of repairs, and worth nothing at present' (White 1943, 55-6). The site of St. Margaret's Chapel was probably located on the N side of Thomas Street in the area now occupied by the Augustinian friary of St John and the buildings to the E and W of the friary. Compiled by: Caimin O'Brien Date of upload: 28 June 2023
- DU018-020068: Chapel, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020068-. No surface remains visible of St. Martin's Chapel which was attached to the N side of the chancel of St. Werburgh's Church (DU018-020090-) (Clarke 2002, 18, 20). This is the chapel which was burnt down in 1311 during a great fire in Dublin City (Gilbert 1861, I, 28). According to Robinson (1914, 135-6); 'St. Werburgh's [DU018-020090-] had, as we have seen, two chapels - the Lady Chapel [DU018-020066-] and St. Martin's Chapel. They were not, as was often the case, merely a part of the church fenced off by wooden screens, like the former Kildare Chapel in Christ Church Cathedral; they were buildings standing north and south of the chancel. That on the north was St. Martin's Chapel, and it gave its name to St. Martin's Lane, a short lane between the church and Castle Street, which disappeared only in the eighteenth century. Each chapel was lighted by a single window; at their east ends they had images of the Blessed Virgin and St. Martin, which seem to have stood, not in recesses, but upon brackets or 'thrones' affixed to the wall. The floors were tiled, and were strown with rushes on special occasions. A few entries relating to these chapels may be given. 1510-11. 'Item for Rochis (rushes) to seynt martyngs chapell a martinmas day IId.'' c. 1520 'Item payd for the makyng of saynt martyn xs.' , 'Item payd for the makyng of saint martyns tron (throne) xiiis.' 1567-70 'Item for makyng the Wall of St. Martyn's chapell xis. st.' No surface remains visible of this chapel which stood on the N side of the chancel of St. Werburgh's medieval church (DU018-020090-). Robinson, J.L. 1914 Churchwardens' Accounts, 1484-1600, St. Werburgh's Church, Dublin. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, Vol. 4, No. 2, 132-142. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 2 June 2023
- DU018-020069: Chapel, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020069-. The precise location of the chapel or church of St Mary Magdalen mentioned in 1260 and rebuilt in 1308 in the precinct of St John's Priory and Hospital (DU018-020062-) has not been identified (Clarke 2002, 20). In 1388, the Will of John Hamound requested that he be; 'buried in the cemetery of St. John, outside the New Gate [DU018-020377-], before the door of the church of St. Mary Magdalen, and he bequeaths to that church for masses twenty shillings; for wax, fifty pounds' (CARD Vol. 1, 129). This reference indicates that the church of St Mary Magdalen stood in the cemetery of St. John's Hospital. The location of this cemetery and church has not been precisely identified. The site was probably located on the N side of Thomas Street in the area now occupied by the Augustinian friary of St John and the buildings to the E and W of the friary. Described in the Urban Survey of Dublin City as; 'This priory and hospital, known as "Palmer's hospital", was situated outside the New Gate [DU018-020377-]. It was founded by Ailred the Palmer between 1185 and 1188. Both Ailred and his wife took monastic vows together with a number of fellow workers, who became brother and sisters. The hospital was for the poor and infirm. The sisters appear to have looked after the sick and it is clear from the register of the hospital that they had a say in its management (Brooks 1936). In 1308, John Decer, mayor of Dublin, built a chapel of St Mary in the hospital but in 1316 the church of St John and the chapel of St Magdalen were burnt down when the citizens set fire to the Thomas Street suburbs, on the approach of Bruce's army). The site is now occupied by the Augustinian friary of St John' (Bradley and King 1987, vol. 2, 147). Compiled by: Caimin O'Brien Date of upload: 28 June 2023
- DU018-020070: Chapel, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020070-. In 1615 the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded an agreement between the inhabitants of; 'Saint Thomas street, Saint James street and Saint Fraunces street shall have thuse of the voyde grownd in theast end of Saint Molloyes chappell, soe as they errecte foorthwith a stronge grate of tymber with a shedd over it on the premisses, and provide a good substanciall paiere of stockes, all uppon the proper costes and chardges of the said inhabitantes, for the punnyshinge of dysordered persons and night walkers, and to noe other use or purpose' (CARD Vol. 3, 56). In 1620, a lot known as 'St. Molloys Chapel' anglicised version of St. Molua was described as being located at the W end of New Row at Thomas Street (Donnelly 1905, 2, 202; Bradley and King 1987, Vol. 2, 123). Clarke has located this site to the junction of Thomas Street and St. Augustine Street and suggested that it was a wayside church standing at the cross-roads between the Slige Mhór represented by Thomas Street and Slige Midluachra represented today by St Augustine Street (Clarke 2002, 1). There are no surface remains visible and the precise location of this chapel has not been identified. See attached location map taken from Irish Historic Towns Atlas No. 11: Dublin, part I, to 1610. Royal Irish Academy. Compiled by: Caimin O'Brien Date of upload: 27 June 2023
- DU018-020071: Church, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020071-. St. Andrews medieval Parish Church and graveyard which stood on the S side of Dame Street, c. 80m NE of Dublin Castle (DU018-020488-) was founded in the 12th century (Gilbert 1854-9, II, 258). It was assigned to St. Patrick's Cathedral (DU018-020269-) in 1219 (Bradley & King 1988, Vol. 2, 95; (Clarke 2002, 17). On Speed's 1610 Map of Dublin City, St. Andrew's Church (labelled No. 16) and graveyard (DU018-296----) is shown standing on the S side of Dame Street (labelled No. 14), to the E of Dam Gate (DU018-020028-) (labelled No. 15) which was the E gateway to the walled city of Dublin. On this map the church is depicted as a rectangular building aligned on an E-W axis with bell-tower on the W end of the church which stood in the N quadrant of a D-shaped enclosure which represented the burial ground or graveyard (DU018-296----) attached to St. Andrew's parish church. The Dublin Assembly Rolls of 1592-3 recorded that; 'Lucas Challener shall have a lease for tearme of three score and one yeares uppon St. Androwes churche [DU018-020071-] and churchyard (after our estate therin perfected) he payeing yearly to the cittie xl.s., Irysh' (CARD Vol. 2, 259). Earlier in 1577 the Dublin Assembly Rolls recorded that 'Richard Fyanes, alderman, hath gyven St. Androwes churche unto this cittie frauncklie and frelie, to be converted into a scole howse [schoolhouse] or poor howse' (CARD Vol. 2, 120). In 1549, John Ryan a merchant of Dublin was granted a 21 year lease of, 'the Rectory of St. Andrew the Apostle, and also the chapel of St. Andrew and the cemetery [DU018-296----] of the said chapel, a certain parcel of land adjoining the same on the west and a garden on the north of the said chapel, and also the tithes of three orchards in the parish of St. Andrew' (Mason 1820, 33-4). In the 17th-century the medieval site was abandoned and a new St. Andrew's Church (DU018-020072-) and graveyard was constructed on Suffolk Street. Th 1892 ed. City of Dublin OSi sheet No. 57 bears the annotation; 'Munster & Leinster Bank Site of St. Andrew's Church'. According to Gilbert (1854-9, vol. 3, 305); 'The old church of St. Andrew, on the southern side of Dame-street, having been totally demolished some years before the Restoration of Charles II., the Parliament of Ireland, in 1665, passed an Act separating the parish of St. Andrew from that of St. Werburgh, extending its limits by the addition of Lazar's-hill, and authorizing the parishioners, by contributions among themselves, to rebuild the church in such manner as they should agree upon. Under this statute the patronage of the vicarage of St. Andrew's was vested in the Archbishop of Dublin, the Lord Chancellor, the Vice-Treasurer, Chief Justices, Chief Baron, and Master of the Rolls; ten pounds per annum were appropriated, payable by the vicar to the Precentor of St. Patrick's, as ancient proprietor of the rectory; and the churchwardens and their successors were constituted a body corporate. Arthur Earl of Anglesey and Sir John Temple were appointed the first churchwardens of the new church of St. Andrew, of which Richard Lingard, Professor of Divinity in Trinity College, was nominated first vicar; and he, dying in 1669, was succeeded by Dr. Anthony Dopping. In April, 1670, the parish resolved that the new church (DU018-020072-), after an oval model by William Dodson, should be erected on "the old bowling-green" given to them by Henry Jones, Bishop of Meath; the expense of the building being defrayed by subscriptions and parochial assessments'. The church and graveyard was described by Mason (1820, 34) as follows; 'The church of St. Andrew and its cemetery [DU018-296----] stood on the south side of Dame-Street; a Flesh-market was afterwards erected upon the site, denominated the Castle-market; this last has likewise given place to a handsome row of buildings: the church occupies, at present, a more easterly position [Suffolk Street]'. The medieval St Andrew's Church was described in the Urban Survey of Dublin City as follows; 'the foundation of this church has been dated to the twelfth century (Gilbert 1854-9, ii, 258). This is based on the mention in Roger of Hoveden's chronicle that Henry II's palace was built in 1171 outside the city "near the church of St Andrew" (Stubbs 1868-71, ii, 32 ). Since Roger of Hoveden wrote of these events as a near contemporary, his evidence is fairly reliable (but see the comments in Warren 1973, 204 n. 1). The church was clearly in existence by 1219 when it was assigned to the precentor of St Patrick's cathedral. The cemetery [DU018-296----] of St. Andrew is referred to in a document of 1353 and it was here according to Gilbert that the election of the 'mayor of the bull-ring" took place until c. 1600. Speed's map shows this cemetery as a semi-circular enclosure, and this may have been part of an enclosure similar to those found around rural Early Christian church sites. After the Reformation the church fell into lay ownership and the parish was united with St Werburgh's (Wheeler and Craig 1948, 9). The church building was badly damaged in the Nine Years War and, because it was conveniently close to the castle [DU018-020488-], it was used for stabling the lord deputy's horses (Gilbert 1854-9, ii, 261). In 1631 a petition was filed to restore the building but it was not until 1663 that the parish was re-created and a new church [DU018-020072-] was constructed. This church, built by William Dodson between 1670 and 1674 was not on the old site, on a part of which Castle Lane and the adjoining houses were erected, while the remainder of it was occupied by the Castle Market, opened in 1704 (Gilbert 1854-9, ii, 262; iii, 306-7). The seventeenth century church stood close to the site of the present church [on Suffolk Street] and a drawing of it by Francis Place still survives (Wheeler and Craig 1948, 9). St Andrew's Church was described by Wheeler and Craig (1948, 9-10) as follows; 'The parish was founded probably in the the XIth century. The original church occupied the site of the present Munster and Leinster Bank in Dame Street, lying therefore just without the walls. At the Reformation the parish was united to St. Werburgh's, and the church used as a mint and as a vice-regal stable. Laud attempted to rescue it, but it was not till 1665 that the parish was re-created by Act of Parliament. The church [DU018-020072-] [on Suffolk St.] was built 1670-74: it was 'round' (elliptical) in form, and the architect was William Dodson'. Stubbs, W. 1868-71 Chronica Rogeri de Houedene, 4 vols. London. Warren, L. 1973 Henry II. London. See attached section of Speed's 1610 Map of Dublin City showing Dame's Gate (No. 15) at the W end of Dame Street (No. 14) adjacent to St. Andrew's Church (No. 16), Newman's Tower (No. 6) to N, accessible online at http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PR-ATLAS-00002-00061-00001/38 See attached section of 1892 OSi City of Dublin: sheet XVIII.57 ("City of Dublin," held by Ordnance Survey Ireland. © Public domain. Digital content: © Ordnance Survey Ireland, published by UCD Library, University College Dublin <http://digital.ucd.ie/view/ucdlib:40905>). Compiled by: Caimin O'Brien Date of upload: 26 July 2023
- DU018-020073: Church, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020073-. The medieval parish church of St. Bride's stood on the corner of the Bride Street and on the S side of Bride Road (Wheeler and Craig 1948, 150). It had a pre-Norman origin being granted to the Canons of Christ Church Cathedral by Askulv Mac Torcaill in c. 1165 (McNeill 1950, 29). It is included in their list of possessions in the Bull of Alexander III dated to c. 1179 which was to be transferred to the newly established collegiate church of St. Patrick (McNeill 1950, 12). It was rebuilt in 1684, demolished in 1898 (Bradley & King 1987, 3; 3 FMD map (1978) F3). Excavations in 1993 carried out in advance of a housing development at 98-99 Bride St. revealed Christian burials (DU018-313----) at the eastern end of a burial ground associated with 12th-13th century deposits. (McMahon 1994, 15). One human burial of 9th-10th century date was discovered in the churchyard (Gowen, 2002, 49; Clarke 2002, 17, A4). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 14 August 2012
- DU018-020074: Church, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020074-. The present St. Catherine's Church (1769) on the S side of Thomas Street occupies the site of an early 13th century medieval parish church founded in the early 13th century as a replacement church for St. Thomas's Church (Clarke 2002, 18). The earliest reference to a church at this site occurs in Crede Mihi (1212-25) (Gilbert 1897). It was appropriated to the Augustinian priory of St. Thomas and subsequently to the Earls of Meath (Bradley & King 1987, 2, 111-2). Shown on Speed's map of 1610 as 'St Cathren church', a rectangular building with a tower at the W end (Gillespie 1973, 33). It has a bell of 1671, which was recast in 1896. In the graveyard (DU018-138----) to the S of the church there was a 17th-century graveslab (DU018-314----). Described in the Urban Survey of Dublin as follows; 'The traditional date for the erection of this church, 1105, is without foundation. The earliest historical mention of it occurs in Crede Mihi, in a list of churches in the deanery of Dublin, attributed to the time of Archbishop Henry of London (1212-28). It is mentioned again in a deed of 1244 when Walter Rotarius is described as residing in the house next to the church of St Catherine (Gilbert 1870, 480). It had a Lady chapel variously described as 'St Mary's Chapel' "the chantry", and "St Mary's aisle" (Berry 1898, 227). In the 1533 Repertorium Viride the church is described as then newly rebuilt at the expense of the parishioners because the earlier building had become ruinous. The vicarage was appropriated to the Augustinian priory of St Thomas, and subsequently was in the patronage of the earls of Meath (White 1941, 181). The present church was built in 1769 ( Wheeler and Craig 1948, 16). It has a bell of 1671 which was recast in 1896' (Bradley and King 1987 Vol. 2, 111-2). A 16th century tomb (DU018-315----) of the Brabazon family which stood inside the medieval church was removed when the church was rebuilt in the 18th-century. See attached section of Speed's Map of Dublin showing St Catherine's Church (No. 57) with W belltower standing on the S side of St. James' Street (http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PR-ATLAS-00002-00061-00001/38). See attached section of Rocque's 1756 Map of Dublin City showing St Catherine's Church and graveyard (DU018-138----) to the S Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 13 June 2023
- DU018-020075: Church, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020075-. St Audeon's is the only medieval parish church remaining in Dublin City (Wheeler and Craig 1948, 12) and is a National Monument (No. 34) in state care. It is located on a prominence W of Christchurch Cathedral within the medieval town wall and on the probable site of St Columba's church. There is a cross-slab extant of late 10th early 11th century (DU018-316----). Dedicated to St. Ouen, Bishop of Ronan (d.684) it was originally granted to the Augustinian Convent of Gracedieu c. 1190 (DU007-015----). In 1219 it was assigned to the Treasurer of St. Patrick's Cathedral. In 1431 a chantry chapel, dedicated to St. Anne was established for the Guild of the fraternity of St. Anne in the S aisle of the Nave of the church and in 1482 a chantry chapel was erected on the S side of the chancel by Roland FitzEustace. The present church comprises a nave and chancel with a S aisle that runs the full length of both and W tower attached. The W tower rises to three storeys, incorporating a ground floor, first floor bell-ringing chamber and belfry. It is built of coursed limestone masonry. The upper portion was restored in the 1670's following its collapse in 1669 (H. 27.28m; ext. dims. L. 9.12m Wth 7.32m). A spiral stone stair in the NE corner of the tower provides access to the upper chambers and roof. The windows, louvres, large double doors and archway are the work of the 1820's restoration. Three of the six bells date from 1423. The tower contains three late medieval monuments; the Portlester monument originally in the chancel aisle chapel, comprising a large granite slab which depicts two recumbent figures a knight in armour and his lady; these are Roland Fitzeustace, Lord Portlester (ob.1496) and his wife Margaret Jenco (DU018-317----). The second monument is a recumbent figure dressed in ecclesiastical vestments originally from the central arch between the chancel and Portlester chapels (DU018-318----) and thirdly a graveslab set in the floor of the tower, carved with a ornamental Latin cross and Latin inscription to Johannes Burnell, Balgrffin (DU018-319----). A porch was added to the N side of the church in 1932 to protect the early arched entrance. The nave is the earliest portion of the building and still functions as a parish church. It is entered through a 12th century, moulded round-headed doorway which has been partially reconstructed (dims. L 24.8m Wth 6.84m). The N windows of the nave are 19th century inserts and the arcade of the nave aisle is blocked. There are ornamental arches and columns ending at the E end with a plain arch. Corbels which supported the former timber roof are visible above the piers. There are also a number of large grave-slabs in the floor the earliest commemorates Bartholomew Gowan (d. 1619) (DU018-320----). Within the church is a font dating from the late 12th century, found beneath the floor of the church in 1848 (DU018-321----). This is a large square font with a central drum-shaped column. The sides are decorated with semi-circular panels containing shell designs in false relief with bead ornamentation. A date of 1192 is incised in Arabic numerals. There are 17th century monuments of plaster on a wooden frame commemorating Stephen and Joan Seagrave and their children (d. 1597) (DU018-322----) and Sir William Sparke (ob. 1632) (DU018-323----) and Edward Parris, Bishop of Killaloe (ob. 1650) (DU018-324----). The chancel is not in line with the nave and inclines towards the NE. It is roofless (L 17m, Wth 6.70m). An arcade of three ornamented arches and columns divides the interior. The windows in the N wall are 19th century insertions. There is a 16th century doorway in the N wall. St. Annes Chapel replaced an earlier nave aisle. (dims. L 15.2m Wth 5.49m). In the S wall is a small pointed arched doorway which led into a guild house. It contains a piscina and an arched recess which may have served as a sedilia with a mural, no traces of which exists. There are also remains of a large plaster wall monument to the Malone family dated 1592 (DU018-325----). It has been re-roofed and serves as an exhibition space. Portlester chapel at the S side of the chancel has a five three-light E window under a flat arch with a single light up in each side. In the E walls are the remains of a piscina (int. dims. L 17m; Wth 5.49m). (Gilbert 1854-9, 1, 277; Hunt 1974, 138; Crawford 1986, 39). There are medieval tiles extant (Eames & Fanning 1988, 63). Excavations in 1992 revealed the remains of a possible domestic range to the S of the church (McMahon 1993, 24-25). Stone foundations of its boundary wall were revealed (Simpson 2002, 37-38; Clarke 2002, 18, A3). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 28 August 2012
- DU018-020076: Church, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020076-. The medieval parish church of St. George stood in Georges Lane near the junction of Exchequer Street and South Great George's Street (Wheeler and Craig 1948, 17). It was assigned to the Priory of All Hallows prior to 1233. In 1457 parliament levied a tax for its repair (Gilbert 1854-9, 181-2). The church was taken down by 1586 (Bradley & King 1987, 113). FMD map (1978) F5, Clarke 2002, 18). There are no visible remains above ground. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 28 August 2012
- DU018-020077: Church, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020077-. St. John's medieval parish church was located off John's Lane, East/Fishamble Street. Originally dedicated to St. John the Evangelist it was conferred to the Canons of the Holy Trinity (McNeill 1950, 29). In 1350 it was enlarged with a new chapel dedicated to St. Mary (Bradley & King 1987, 2, 114). It was again re-built in the 16th century and the chancel extended. It was ruinous by 1680. Re-built 1776-9 but finally demolished in 1884 (Wheeler & Craig 1948, 22). Church and parish described in 1948 as; 'This parish dates from the XIIth century, and was originally founded, it seems, by a native Irishman. It stood a very few yards NE of the old Long Choir of Christchurch, now destroyed. It was rebuilt by Arland Ussher early in the XVIth century, again in 1680-1682, and again in 1766-1769. A spire, added in 1639, was not incorporated in the last rebuilding. The architect in 1769 was George Ensor. In 1877 the parish was united to St Werburgh's (q.v.), and the church, closed in the following year, was demolished in 1884. It was about 70 ft. x 35 ft. internally, with the altar to W and a portico of two columns in antis to E. The order is variously given as doric and corinthian: unfortunately the print of 1786 which we give throws no light on this question. A breviary belonging to the mediaeval church is in the Library of TCD. Three mural tablets, the pulpit and some of the plate are in St Werburgh's, and a stained-glass window went to the E end of St Michan's. The site is now occupied by a Mission Hall. Henry Grattan was baptized in this church, and across the street, where Messrs Kennan's premises now are, the first performance of The Messiah was given in 1743' (Wheeler & Craig 1948, 21-2) Described in the Urban Survey of Dublin as follows; 'The church was rebuilt in the sixteenth century by Arland Ussher and the chancel was extended in 1589. In 1630 it was described as in good repair and in 1639 a steeple was built and a peal of bells installed. By 1680, however, the church was in "great decay" and was substantially rebuilt in the following two years. It was rebuilt again in 1766—9 to the designs of George Ensor and at the cost of the Irish parliament. In 1877 the parish was united to St Werburgh's and St John's church was demolished in 1884' (Bradley and King 1987, 114). There are no visible remains above ground (Ribion 1913, 295-6; Clarke 2002, 17). St John's Church was shown on Speed's 1610 Map of Dublin where it was labelled as No. 37. St John's Parish church and graveyard are shown on Rocque's 1756 Map of Dublin City. See attached Speed's 1610 Map of Dublin showing St. John's Church and section of Rocque's 1756 Map of Dublin City. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 30 June 2023
- DU018-020079: Church, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020079-. St. Martin's medieval Parish Church was situated N of St. Werburgh's Church of Ireland church (Wheeler & Craig 1948, 38). St. Martin's Lane off Werburgh Street, preserved the tradition of its site. It was assigned to the Chancellor of St. Patrick's Cathedral. In 1219-20 it was absorbed within St. Werburghs (McNeill 1950, 42; Gilbert 1854-9, 1, 28).The remains of St Martin’s church are said to have been still visible in 1529. In the 16th and 17th centuries it had chapels to St Martin, Our Lady and St Catherine. The church was enlarged in 1662, acquiring at that time a square tower at the E end. In 1715-1719 it was re-built to the designs of Colonel Thomas Burgh, architect of Trinity College Library. The façade to Werburgh Street dates from this time. Burials exposed in the 18th century on the W side of Werburgh St. were thought to be part of an associated cemetery (Bradley & King 1987, 2, 16; FMD map (1978) F8; Clarke 2002, 17). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 28 August 2012
- DU018-020080: Church, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020080-. City hall occupies the site of the Medieval Parish church of St. Mary del Dame's. The earliest reference of the church is in a deed of c. 1179 (Gilbert 1854-9, II, 1). It was assigned to St Patricks Cathedral in 1219-20 (McNeill 1950, 42). Richard Boyle , Earl of Cork built a mansion on the site in the 16th century later known as Cork House (Gilbert 1854-9, II, 3). This was subsequently replaced by the Royal Exchange, now City Hall (Bradley and King 1987, 2, 117; FMD map (1978, F9). The Purcell tomb in St Werburgh's church (DU018-379----) was thought to be originally from here. Compiled by : Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 19 November 2012
- DU018-020081: Church, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020081-. The chapel of St. Michael was founded by Donatus, first Bishop of Dublin, c. 1038 on land given by Sitric Silkbeard (Wheeler 1959-60, 98). It became a parochial church in the 15th century (Gilbert 1854-9, 1, 208). In 1630 it was described as in very good condition but by the 1670's it was in need of repair which was completed by the end of the 17th century (Gilbert 1854-9, 1, 211). It was rebuilt again in 1815 and its church yard to the N occupied by parochial schools. However, it was demolished by the end of the 19th century and the present Synod Hall built on its site. The 17th century tower survives as part of the Synod hall complex (Bradley and King 1987, 2, 118; FMD map (1978 F1). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 28 August 2012
- DU018-020082: Church, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020082-. The medieval parish church of St. Michael le Pole, stood in a churchyard SW of Dublin Castle between Great Ship Street and Chancery Lane. The earliest reference occurs in a letter of Pope Alexander III confirming the possessions of Christchurch c.1179 (McNeill 1950, 7, 29). According to Smith (1857, 1) the church name; ' "Le Pole" or "Le Poole" originated from the church being near the pool, or mill-pond, from which the Castle Mills were worked; or, possibly there was some reference to the name of the "Polls" "Poddle" or "Polebell” River, which ran along the city wall, and from which the millpond was supplied'. On Speed's 1610 map of Dublin City the watermill (DU018-020097-), millpond and millrace can be seen to the N of the church of St Michael le Pole where it runs parallel to the external face of Dublin City Wall. The watermill stood just outside the city wall and the to the S of St. Werburgh's Church and E of the City Gate called 'Pole Gate' (DU018-020021-) which is labelled no. 39 on Speed's 1610 Map of Dublin City. A lease made by the city in 1657, relating to a piece of ground adjoining the city walls, at the end of Ship street, near the mill-pond, there where the water-course runneth; and amongst the covenants of the lease is one : "that the Lessee do leave 'and permit the slip leading into the river, or water-course, then being three yards broad, to be in the place where now it is, "and that it shall not be stopped up at any time during the continuance of the lease' (ibid.). the name "St. Michael's, of Pols," or "de Paludibus," (on the original drawing made in 1751); and to that of the city gate near it, which was called the "Poule gate" and the passage leading to it, which was called "the Poule mill street" (ibid.). Church described by Wheeler and Craig (1948, 28-9) as follows; 'St Michael's "de plaude" (of the pool or marsh) was one of the most ancient parishes in Dublin, possibly more ancient than any of those which lay within the walls. The church having a Round Tower, must have been a celtic foundation. The last mention of the parish as a separate entity occurs in 1634. In 1682 St Michael-le-Pole's and St Stephen's were formally united with St Bride's, during the incumbency of Nathaniel Foy, afterwards Bishop of Waterford. In 1706 the "disused and ruinous'" church was granted to Dr John Jones for use as a Latin school. Dr Jones was at the same time ordered to preserve the Round Tower. In 1787 the building became St Bride's Almhouse. It was apparently not rebuilt till after 1884. The site is now occupied by a red-brick building of 1900 which was until recently St Bride's Protestant National Schools'. Excavations in 1980 uncovered foundations of a 12th century church and integrated round tower type belfry. There comprised the W gable (L 7.2m, Wth 0.9m) and foundation courses of adjoining parts of the N and S walls (Gowen & Campbell 1989-90, 74, Bradley and King 1987, 2, 120-121). The site was used for burial prior to construction. Finds included a jet bracelet, glass bead droplet and Medieval and Post Medieval ceramics. The round tower belfry associated with the medieval church of St. Michael Le Pole, survived until the 18th-century. It had been repaired by the Dean and Chapter of St. Pole in 1738, but was damaged by a storm in 1778 (Barrow 1979, 80-90) and demolished in 1781. Two drawings by Beranger from 1766 and 1776 shows the tower rising through the W end of the roof of a school built on the site. There are foundations extant below ground level in 2002 (Campbell and Gowen 1989-90, 74; Bradley and King 1987, 2, 121-22; Gowen 2002, 13-52; Clarke 2002, 17). The results of the excavations carried out by Kieran Campbell and Margaret Gowen in 1980 were summarised as follows; 'Excavations by the Dublin Archaeological Research Team on behalf of Dodder Properties (Holdings) Ltd. took place over a nine-week period on a large site hounded by Ship Street Great, Ship Street Little, Bride Street, Chancery Lane and Golden Lane. Of the nine cuttings excavated five were concentrated on the site of the church of St. Michael le Pole, where three broad phases were recognised: 1. Pre-12th-century activity represented by postholes, pits, gullies, a lintel grave and other burials. 2. A 12th-century stone church and probable foundations of Round Tower belfry [DU018-020083-]. The west gable of the church. 7.2m long and 0.9m wide, and foundation courses of adjoining parts of the north and south walls were uncovered. 3. Post-1682 reuse of the church as a schoolhouse (1706) and almshouse (1787), and eventual replacement by schoolhouse of 1900. Deposits of medieval and post-medieval date were found in cuttings on the margins of the site towards Bride Street, Ship Street Great and Golden Lane' (1980-84:0099 - St. Michael le Pole, Ship Street, Dublin; www.excavations.ie). See attached watercolour of Round Tower with Schoolhouse and graveyard in the foreground built on site of medieval church by Gabriel Beranger dated 1766. View of the Round Tower of St Michael le Pole beside the schoolhouse, which was built on the site of an earlier church on the condition that the tower was not to be pulled down. The tower was demolished after a storm in 1775. Courtesy and copyright of the National Library of Ireland (https://catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000053498) NLI PD 1958 TX 5, National library of Ireland, The Old Tower of Michael of Pole, Dublin. A Collection of Drawings of the Principal, Antique Buildings of Ireland. See attached Speed's 1610 Map of Dublin showing the church and tower of St Michael le Pole above No. 22 See attached datestone over the schoolhouse doorway which was converted into an almshouse. Smith, J.H. 1857 The Church and Round Tower of St. Michael Le Pole. Dublin. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 5 July 2023
- DU018-020083: Round tower, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020083-. The round tower associated with the medieval church (DU018-020082-) of St. Michael Le Pole, survived until the 18th-century. It had been repaired by the Dean and Chapter of St. Pole in 1738, but was damaged by a storm in 1778 and demolished in 1781 (Barrow 1979, 80-90). Two drawings by Beranger from 1766 and 1776 shows the tower rising through the W end of the roof of a school built on the site. According to Smith (1857, 4-5); 'The Round Tower which adjoined the church was taken down in 1778, but some fragments of it remained as late as 1782. It was originally about 90 feet high, but in the great storm of 1775, (November), it was so much shaken that many of the stones fell out, and the centre became what is termed "bulged", which rendered it dangerous to the schoolhouse and to the neighbouring houses. The state of the tower was submitted for the consideration of the Dean and Chapter of St. Patrick's Cathedral, as patrons of the church, the parish having been united to that of St. Bride's in 1682. The Dean and Chapter consulted skilful architects, who reported, on close examination of the tower, that it could not be repaired, as any attempt to repair it, by erecting scaffolding, &c., would inevitably pull down the building. It appears that about the year 1738, an eminent antiquarian had applied to the Dean and Chapter for contributions to repair the tower, and that it was then scaffolded from the ground, and well pointed with stone and mortar, both within and without. These seasonable repairs preserved it for a time, but the effects of the storm of November, 1775, were irreparable. The tower was taken down to the level of the roof of the schoolhouse at the expense of £19 5s. 9d., and the stone was used to repair the wall of the churchyard and engine house. The Schoolhouse was built about the year 1706 by Dr. Jones, an eminent Latin master, who obtained leave to build on, and convert the old walls of St. Michael Le Pole into a schoolhouse, which consisted of a large schoolroom, with three small rooms at the end, and a flight of stairs in the tower leading to the upper rooms. The entire work was finished at Dr. Jones's expense, except the windows, which were furnished by Mr Evans, his usher, who succeeded to the school after the death of Dr. Jones. The Widows' Alms House of St. Bridget's Parish, now occupies the site of the schoolhouse, and is accessible by a narrow passage, or entry, from Ship street. In 1682, the parishes of St. Bride and St. Michael of Pole, and part of St. Stephen's, were united by Act of Council, and this Church was used as the Diocesan Schoolhouse. In 1706, the Chapter issued an order to Dr. John Jones that he should not pull down the monument or tower of St. Michael of Paul's, near his schoolhouse in Sheepe Street'. Excavations on the site in 1980 revealed the partial remains of the 12th century church and foundations of an integrated round tower type belfry. Foundations extant below ground level in 2002 (Campbell & Gowen 1989-90, 74; Bradley & King 1987, 2, 121-22; Gowen 2002, 13-52; Clarke 2002, 17). The results of the excavations carried out by Kieran Campbell and Margaret Gowen in 1980 were summarised as follows; 'Excavations by the Dublin Archaeological Research Team on behalf of Dodder Properties (Holdings) Ltd. took place over a nine-week period on a large site hounded by Ship Street Great, Ship Street Little, Bride Street, Chancery Lane and Golden Lane. Of the nine cuttings excavated five were concentrated on the site of the church of St. Michael le Pole, where three broad phases were recognised: 1. Pre-12th-century activity represented by postholes, pits, gullies, a lintel grave and other burials. 2. A 12th-century stone church [DU018-020082-] and probable foundations of Round Tower belfry. The west gable of the church. 7.2m long and 0.9m wide, and foundation courses of adjoining parts of the north and south walls were uncovered. 3. Post-1682 reuse of the church as a schoolhouse (1706) and almshouse (1787), and eventual replacement by schoolhouse of 1900. Deposits of medieval and post-medieval date were found in cuttings on the margins of the site towards Bride Street, Ship Street Great and Golden Lane' (1980-84:0099 - St. Michael le Pole, Ship Street, Dublin; www.excavations.ie). See attached pencil drawing of Round Tower dating from 1751 a copy by Sir William Betham from a sketch in 1751, made for J. Grogan, courtesy and copyright of National Library of Ireland (PD 1959 TX 54). (https://catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000552557) See attached watercolour of Round Tower by Gabriel Beranger dated 1766. View of the Round Tower of St Michael le Pole beside the schoolhouse, which was built on the site of an earlier church on the condition that the tower was not to be pulled down. The tower was demolished after a storm in 1775. Courtesy and copyright of the National Library of Ireland (https://catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000053498) NLI PD 1958 TX 5, National library of Ireland, The Old Tower of Michael of Pole, Dublin. A Collection of Drawings of the Principal, Antique Buildings of Ireland. NLI National library of Ireland, The round tower at Michael a Pools [St. Michael le Pole] Church, near Ship Street, Dublin, called Michael a Pullibus. Sketch book of antiquities [graphic] / by Sir W. Betham. Smith, J.H. 1857 The Church and Round Tower of St. Michael Le Pole. Dublin. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 5 July 2023
- DU018-020085: Church, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020085-. The remains of St Nicholas parish church, rebuilt in 1707, stand at the corner of Christchurch Place and Nicholas Street. All that survives is the ground storey with 5 blocked up windows on the N overlooking the former graveyard. The earlier church of St Nicholas is included in the earliest lists of Dublin city churches in c. 1179 (Mac Neill 1950, 3). In 1479 Edward IV authorised the foundation of a chantry dedicated to the Blessed Virgin on the south side of the church. It was restored in 1578. A report of 1630 states that the nave and chancel were in good repair (Bradley and King 1987, 2, 125; Craig 1952, III, 112; FMD map 1978, F13; Wheeler & Craig 1942, 31-2). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 29 August 2012
- DU018-020086: Church, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020086-. The medieval parish church of St. Nicholas Without was located W of Patrick's Cathedral (FMD map 1978, F14). For much of the medieval period the parish church consisted of the N aisle and transept of St. Patricks Cathedral which was walled up for use as a separate church (Bradley & King 1987, 2, 126; Clarke 2002, 18). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 29 August 2012
- DU018-020087: Church, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020087-. St. Olave's Parish Church was dedicated to St. Olaf Haraldsson, King of Norway d. 1030. The exact site has been identified as 41 Fishamble Street and the adjoining lot No. 40 can be identified with the Priest's House (Bradley & King 1987, 2, 127; Wheeler and Craig 1948, 33). The earliest reference to the parish of St. Olave's is c. 1225 in the Register of the Hospital of St. John the Baptist outside the Newgate, Dublin. It was subsequently granted to St. Augustine's Abbey in Bristol, England. The building was demolished c. 1650. There are no visible remains above ground. Burials were uncovered near the churchyard in 1939 (Clarke 1950, 118-9; De Courcy 1996, 346). Compiled by : Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 29 August 2012
- DU018-020088: Church, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020088-. The present Gothic style church (1824) occupies the site of the earlier parish church of St. Paul's founded in 1697, which occupied an even earlier church site demolished in 1504 (Craig 1952, 73, Clarke 2002, 17). The 17th century church was a galleried structure which had become ruinous by 1821 (Wheeler and Craig 1948, 33-4; Bradley & King 1987, 2, 127-128; FMD map 1978, F16). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 29 August 2012
- DU018-020089: Church, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020089-. The site of the parish church of St. Peter's (1863-67) was the site of an earlier church. This was a T-shaped building with a N transept and galleries built on a site donated by Francis Aungier in 1680 (Bradley & King 1987, 2, 128; FMD map 1978, F17). Excavations in 1999 revealed paving tiles and 69 burials (Coughlan & Nellis 2001, 4, 6). The church of St Peter is located in one of the 'oldest parishes of Dublin, and is listed among the possessions of Holy Trinity in Alexander III's bull of 1179' (Bradley 1992). Certainly it was in existence prior to the arrival of the Anglo-Normans, as evidenced by its full name, St Peter's de la Hulle. It functioned as one of the original parochial churches of Anglo-Norman Dublin. By 1370 it was in such a state of disrepair that it was described as 'ruined to its foundations', and a papal indulgence was granted of '1 year and 40 days to repair it' (Donnelly 1911, ii, 135). St Peter's is believed to be the best candidate among the medieval churches on the south side of the city to have been a pre-Norse foundation (Clarke 1990). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 19 November 2012.
- DU018-020090: Church, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020090-. The present St. Werburgh's Church of Ireland church was opened in 1759, on the site of St. Werburgh's medieval parish church which in 1179 was the property of the Holy Trinity Priory (McNeill 1950, 3). This earlier church was destroyed by fire in 1311. Speeds map of 1610 shows 'werbers church' (Gillespie 1973, 33). In 1630 a church on the site was described as in good repair. It was enlarged in 1662 when a tower was built at its W end (Wheeler and Craig 1948, 38; Bradley & King 1987, 129; Clarke 2002, 18). According to Robinson (1914, 132-7); 'St. Werburgh's [DU018-020090-] had, as we have seen, two chapels - the Lady Chapel [DU018-020066-] and St. Martin's Chapel [DU018-020068-]. They were not, as was often the case, merely a part of the church fenced off by wooden screens, like the former Kildare Chapel in Christ Church Cathedral; they were buildings standing north and south of the chancel. That on the north was St. Martin's Chapel, and it gave its name to St. Martin's Lane, a short lane between the church and Castle Street, which disappeared only in the eighteenth century. Each chapel was lighted by a single window; at their east ends they had images of the Blessed Virgin and St. Martin, which seem to have stood, not in recesses, but upon brackets or 'thrones' affixed to the wall. The floors were tiled, and were strown with rushes on special occasions. Between these chapels stood the chancel, or 'hye quer,' [High Choir] as it was called, separated from the nave by the rood-screen. On the top of this screen was the rood-loft, to which access was given by a flight of steps. Above the loft ran a transverse beam, upon which a row of candles formed the rood-light. Above the rood-beam stood the rood, or great crucifix, supported on either side by the figures of the Blessed Virgin and St. John. The floor of the church was paved. Over this pavement rushes were strown before the great Feast days. The Vicar of the Parish, or, as he is called in the accounts, 'the paroche preste of St. Warborowes', lived in a small chamber attached to the church, for which he paid rent to the parish. In addition to the priests there was a parish clerk, who likewise rented a 'lowe chambyr' attached to the church, and who is found once or twice receiving payment from the parish funds. Timber was cut and carted from Castleknock and Drimnagh, or, in Elizabethan days, brought by ship from Wexford. Stones were carted from an unnamed quarry near Dublin. Slates were water-borne to the quay of Dublin. The Church wardens of St. Werburgh's seem to have bought their slates by the ship load, and to have sold those that they did not need for the church. Amongst those who bought slates from them we find, besides private persons, St. Nicholas' Church (1510-11), the Austin Friars (1495-6), and the Petty Canons of St. Patrick's (1510-11). Lead for the gutters of the church came, like slates, by ship to the quay, and was weighed at the city crane. About the year 1520 the church was unroofed, and a new roof made. We read in the earlier accounts of two church bells. One scs bell,' that is, the ' saunce' or ' sanctus' bell, was that which hung usually in an external bell-cot on the gable over the chauncel arch. The other is the 'sacring-beli' which hung within the church, probably on the rood-screen, and was rung at the end of the Consecration Prayer, or 'prayer of sacring' in the Mass'. On Speed's 1610 Map of Dublin City, the medieval church of St Werburgh (41) is shown with a residential and/or bell-tower on the W end of the church facing onto St Werburgh's Street. No surface remains visible of the medieval parish church or either chapel which stood on the N and S sides of the chancel of St. Werburgh's church (DU018-020090-). In the porch of the present church is the 16th-century Purcell double tomb (1500-1520) originally in the church of St. Mary del Dam and moved to St. Werburgh's in the late 16th-early 17th century. The male is shown in full plate armour of late Gothic type while the female is dressed in a pleated gown, girdled at the waist by a belt decorated with rosettes. There are three side panels; the E end portrays an archbishop, an enthroned madonna and child on abbess and an ecclesiastic; the N panel portrays Appolonia, Holy Trinity; St. John the Baptist, St. John and St. Paul with four unidentified figures and the W panel shows an archbishop, St. Francis, a damaged recess, St. James and St. Peter (Hunt 1974, 142-4). The church was described by Wheeler and Craig (1948, 38-41) as in pre-Norman times; 'this parish was dedicated St Martin of Tours, and the church stood a little S of the present site. The first English church of St Werburgh Was erected near the end of the XIIth century. The remains of St Martin's church are said to have been still visible in 1529. In the XVIth and even the XVIIth centuries St Werburgh's had chapels of St Martin, Our Lady and St Catherine. At the Reformation the parish of St Marie del Dam was annexed to that of St Werburgh by Archbishop Browne. More recently, those of St John and St Bride, were also added. The church was enlarged in 1662, acquiring at that time a square tower at the E end. In 1715-1719 it was rebuilt to the designs, it is said, of Colonel Thomas Burgh, architect of Trinity College Library. The facade to Werburgh Street (or what remains of it) dates from this time. In 1729 an octagonal W tower was added, and in 1731 a wooden dome and cross, by the munifcence of Drs Synge and Delany. Some idea of the church as it appeared at this time may be gained from the print in Brooking's map, 1728. Six bells were acquired in 1748, since dispersed. On November 9th, 1754, a fire destroyed the roof, dome, organ, pews and galleries, and burst forth afresh on November 12th. The church as we have it now is largely the fruit of the rebuilding. The architect is unknown, but Thomas Tunney was the plasterer, Andrew Goodwin did the oak woodwork, and Michael Maguire the stucco in the chancel. The church was reopened in 1759, and in 1768 the tower and spire, of 160ft., was added. The tower and spire of St Werburgh's constitute one of the most lamentable losses we have to record. The gallery is carried on doric pilasters. At the W end is the Viceregal pew, distinguished by a fine royal arms in relief (1767), flanked by good carved panels. Two crowns stand on brass posts on either side. The church is the parish church of the Castle, Above and behind is the organ, purchased from Henry Miller of College Green in 1767, a very handsome instrument, the case probably designed by John Smith, who inserted the upper gallery for school children, which extends on either side of it, resting on fine fluted ionic pilasters. In the N staircase-lobby are some monuments from St John's, Fishamble Street (g.v.), and in the S, some from St Bride's (g.v.), notably two which concern the philanthropist Thomas Pleasants, of the Stove Tenter House and Pleasants' Asylum. Here also is the recumbent altar tomb of the 6th or 7th Earl of Kildare. It was originally in either the Monastery of All Hallows (Trinity College) or the church of St Marie del Dam. Until 1663 it remained in a pew in St Werburgh's, and in 1715 it was rebuilt into the S wall, whence it was rescued in 1914, and assumed its present position. There are 27 vaults beneath the church, of which the most notable occupants are Sir James Ware, the historian, and Lord Edward Fitzgerald, whose captor, Major Sirr, rests in the churchyard. The pulpit, a very fine piece of Francis Johnston Gothic, carved by Stewart, was brought here from St John's, Fishamble Street, in 1877. It came originally from the Chapel Royal. The present lectern embodies the shaft of the older St Werburgh's pulpit'. See attached section of Rocque's 1756 Map of Dublin showing St Warburghs C. and graveyard shown immediately attached to the E end of the church accessed from a laneway running down the S side of the church. See attached section
- DU018-020091: Water mill - unclassified, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020091-. The 'Dame's Mills' were located in an island of the Poddle River outside the town gate known as Dam's Gate (DU018-020028-) and whose water was dammed to produce a flow and the mills derived their name from this feature. In 1559 the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded; 'that the treasorrer and masters of wurkes of this cittie shall cause a stone wall to be made without the Damsgate [DU018-020028-], from the gate unto thend of the myll, that no dong [dung] shalbe laid uppon thende of the iland, nor in the towne ditche there, from hensforth' (CARD Vol. 2, 4). Three years later in 1562 the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded; 'that William Foster nowe fermore of the Damys myllis [Dam's Mills], shall have of benevolence of the cittie towardes the reparacion of the archis over the water that runneth into the said myllis under the pavement without the Damys gate twentie shillinges, and he to make the said archis well and substanchiall of lyme and stone, and so to contynue (oblit.) upon his costes and chardges' (CARD Vol. 2, 22). In 1609 Jacob Newman became a tenant of the Damas mills (De Courcy 1996, 112). There were two mills in this area in the 16th century belonging to St Mary's Abbey at the Dissolution (Gilbert 1884, vol. 2, 58; Bradley & King 1987, vol. 1, 39). Clarke has located the mills to the junction of Crane Lane and Dame Street (FMD map 1978, N1). There are no visible surface remains (Clarke 2002, 20 G2). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 26 April 2023
- DU018-020093: Water mill - unclassified, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020093-. Granted by John, Lord of Ireland to Willliam Doubleday in the late 12th century with a half share held by St Mary's Abbey (Clarke 2002, 26, G3). The site of the medieval double day mills were located on the River Poddle, just outside the town wall at the present junction of Exchange Court and Cork Hill (Bradley & King 1987, 1, 39; FMD map 1978, N3). There are no visible surface remains. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload; 20 November 2012
- DU018-020094: Water mill - unclassified, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020094-. Known as the 'Kings Mills' these watermills were constructed in the early 13th-century in Dublin Castle. They were still standing in the 17th century (Gilbert 1854-9, 2, 263, Bradley & King 1987, 1, 39). The site has been located to the lower yard of Dublin Castle (FMD map 1978, N4). There are no visible surface remains (Clarke 2002, 26, G6). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload; 20 November 2012
- DU018-020096: Water mill - unclassified, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020096-. The precise location of the medieval watermill known as 'Mullinahack Mill' located to the W of John Street which was one of 3 watermills (DU018-020226-/0096-/230-) in the possession of St John the Baptist's Hospital (DU018-020062-) has not been identified. Saint John's House was in possession of the watercourse (DU018-020374-/0739-) which powered 3 watermills known as St John's Mills (Clarke 2002, 26) located to the W and N of the religious house and is depicted on Speed's 1610 map of Dublin City. Archaeological assessment in 1997 of a development site at the junction of Oliver Bond Street and Augustine Street, outside the town walls of Dublin, on the north-west corner of the town's medieval defence revealed a 15th-century watercourse. Known as the Glib Water, this was an overflow from the city water supply which flows through the development site. Watercourses associated with the medieval Mullinahack mills flow northwards to feed into the Liffey in the vicinity of the site. A red-bricked culvert may be the latest build of this watercourse. Some slight timbers which project from beneath one of the culvert walls may be the remnants of timber revetments along the water channel (Walsh 1998, 31-2). A section of this watercourse (DU018-020739-) was excavated by Linzi Simpson underneath the NE corner of the National College of Art and Design on the S side of Oliver Bond Street and to the W of John Street (Simpson 1997). In 1457 the Dublin Assembly Roll recorded the granting to Saint John's House 'the cowrs [course] of the watyr, lyke as they had of old tyme, beryng therfor yerly xl.s.; and they to bryn har dede by the post semble. And yf thay wold noght pay the sayden xl.s., that then John [Staines plummer] shall have the sayd water for the terme of xl. wyntyr' (CARD Vol. 1, 295-6). A year later in 1458 the Dublin White Book recorded a leasing agreement between the Mayor of Dublin and and the Prior and brethren of the house of the Hospital of Saint John the Baptist which related to the watercourse and watermills (DU018-020226-/0096-/982-) of St. John's. The conditions of the 40 yeare lease recorded the following conditions that; 'the Prior and his brethren the running water and its course from the small house called le watyrhouse, near Crokkers Barres [Gate], passing through the King's street called Saint Thomas strete and by the house of St. John the Baptist so far as the water-mill [DU018-020226-/0096-/230-] of that Hospital. The Prior and brethren may construct a fosse, from their mill [Mullinahack?] near their cemetery of the Hospital so far as the city ditch, on the south side of the bridge of Gormones [Ormonds] gate [DU018-020029-], and the water is to have free course to the Aniliffy [Liffey]. The Mayor and commonalty are, as of old, to be supervisors and of the water, to have right to easements such as washing and wringing, and to ensure that nothing noxious nor obstructive shall be cast into it. The Mayor and commonalty may also, in time of need, divert the water to fill the city ditch. Annual rent, forty shillings of silver' (CARD, Vol. 1, 171). In 1540 after the Dissolution of the Monasteries the Hospital of St. John Baptist outside the New Gate, Dublin was described as follows; 'The church and site. After the dissolution, the church was thrown down, and the stones, tiles, timber, glass, and iron were sold by William Brabazon under-treasurer of Ireland to divers persons of the city of Dublin, whose names, and the sums paid by them, are not known. Within the precincts, 3 watermills [DU018-020226-/0096-/982-] operating on a stream [DU018-020374-/0739-] drawn from the Odder; Nicholas Benet, per ind. p.t.a.; rent, 220 pecks of good wheat and malt, value (measure of 12 gallons, 12.d.), II.li. The lessee is exonerated from the twentieth due to the king and from the rent for water due to the city and from all other charges. Total, 13.li. 3.s. 4.d. Memorandum. The king by 1.p. 16 Sept. 1539 granted to farm to Edmund Redman the whole site etc., church, belfry and cemetery and the rest of all the premises, excepting the watermills, for 43.s. 4.d., the lessee to bear all charges' (White 1943, 55-6). Mullinahack Mill was described in the Urban Survey of Dublin City as follows; 'The name is derived from Muilenn an cháca, the mill of the shit, and it may be the mill "near the bridge" granted by Gillamurra to Christ Church Cathedral before the coming of the Normans (Gilbert 1854-9, i, 351; McNeill 1950, 29)' (Bradley and King 1987, Vol. 1, 40). John Speed's map of Dublin City from 1610, shows a watercourse or stream running E-W along St Thomas Street, at the E end of the watercourse there is a bridge (DU018-020228-) land immediately after the bridge the watercourse turns N possibly along the line of present day John's Lane West where it powers several watermills (DU018-020226-/0096-/982-) depicted on Speed's 1610 map where they are referred to as 'The mills' and shown standing opposite 'John's House' (DU018-020062-) labelled No. 54 on present day John Street. These watermills were located outside the city walls to the SW of Ormonds Gate (DU018-020029-) labelled 29 on Speed's 1610 Map. The watercourse possibly runs N along Mullinahack Lane enters the River Liffey to the N of the medieval mills in the vicinity of the modern Watergate House on Usher's Quay. On the 1610 this watercourse running along St Thomas Street labelled no. 51 on Speed's Map runs past the northern side of St. Catherine's Parish Church (DU018-020074-) labelled 57 on the map and then turns S running down past the W end of the church towards Thomas Court labelled 58 on Speed's map of the city. See attached section of Speed's 1610 Map of Dublin City showing the watercourse running along St. Thomas Street between St. Catherine's Church and John's Lane West and 'The mill's' indicated with an X. The northernmost watermill is shown standing to the S of a bridge to the W of Ormonds Gate which may have the watermill known as Mullinahack. The location of this watermill matches the location of Mullinahack Lane depicted on Rocque's 1756 map of Dublin. See attached section of Rocque's 1756 Map of Dublin showing John's Castle and and John's Church identified with a cross to the W of John's Castle with Mullinahack Lane to the N of John's House (DU018-020062-). Compiled by: Caimin O'Brien Date of upload: 27 June 2023
- DU018-020097: Water mill - unclassified, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020097-. Medieval watermill and mill race known as the 'Pool Mill' located on the N side of Ship Street Little formerly known as Pulle Street, to the SE of the 'Pole Gate' (DU018-020021-) and to the SW of 'Stanihurst's Tower' (DU018-020006-) a mural tower on the Dublin City walls with Dublin Castle (DU018-020488-) to the NE. The 'Pole Mills' are listed amongst the possessions of the Holy Trinity (Christ Church) in 1504 (Bradley & King 1987, 1, 40). They were powered by the River Poddle. Test trenching in 1992 exposed an in situ worked timber wheel which was probably part of this mill and evidence for the 13th century re-channelled course of the River Poddle (Scally 1992, 26; Clarke 2002, 26). The results of the excavations by Georgina Scally in 1992 at No's. 1-2, 6-7 Little Ship Street was summarised as follows; 'Test-trenching in advance of a possible acquisition of the site was carried out over the period of one day in December 1992. The site is located on the corner of Werburgh St and Little Ship St, the latter being known in medieval times as Pole Mill St., taking its name from a number of water-mills powered by the River Poddle which were located in this area. Three trenches were opened, each being dug through a 2.5m-4m depth of red-brick rubble, resulting from the demolition of a number of Georgian houses which had previously stood on the site. Between 2.2m-4.3m of archaeological stratigraphy was shown to exist on the site. The trenches were dug to a depth of 5.3m-8.3m and natural boulder clay was not exposed. In one of the trenches a substantial depth of a stoney gravel deposit was exposed, together with a number of possibly in situ worked timbers. It is likely that the deposits are part of the 13th-century rechannelled course of the River Poddle and the timbers may relate to the mills previously mentioned. Alternatively they may be revetting timbers along the side of the river channel; however, it is not possible to ascertain their purpose from such test-trenching. A 2nd trench exposed a 4.3m depth of more diverse deposits of silts and clays interspersed with organic debris containing animal bones, sea shells and hazelnuts. A number of barrel staves with internal lime accretions were identified, these may relate to leather tanning pits located adjacent to the river Poddle. A 3rd trench exposed a 2.2m depth of silts and clay with a small amount of organic deposits. Funding was provided by the developer' (1992:076 1-2,6-7 Little Ship St., Dublin; https://excavations.ie/report/1992/Dublin/0001271/). According to Smith (1857, 1) the church name of St Michael; ' "Le Pole" or "Le Poole" originated from the church being near the pool, or mill-pond, from which the Castle Mills were worked; or, possibly there was some reference to the name of the "Polls" "Poddle" or "Polebell” River, which ran along the city wall, and from which the millpond was supplied'. On Speed's 1610 map of Dublin City the watermill, millpond and millrace can be seen to the N of the church of St Michael le Pole where it runs parallel to the external face of Dublin City Wall. The watermill stood just outside the city wall and the to the S of St. Werburgh's Church and E of the City Gate called 'Pole Gate' (DU018-020021-) which is labelled no. 39 on Speed's 1610 Map of Dublin City. A lease made by the city in 1657, relating to a piece of ground adjoining the city walls, at the end of Ship street, near the mill-pond, there where the water-course runneth; and amongst the covenants of the lease is one : "that the Lessee do leave 'and permit the slip leading into the river, or water-course, then being three yards broad, to be in the place where now it is, "and that it shall not be stopped up at any time during the continuance of the lease' (ibid.). the name "St. Michael's, of Pols," or "de Paludibus," (on the original drawing made in 1751); and to that of the city gate near it, which was called the "Poule gate" and the passage leading to it, which was called "the Poule mill street" (ibid.). The mill-pond or 'pool' of this medieval watermill could be the pond or pool depicted on Rocque's 1756 Map of Dublin City which is shown midway along the N side of Little Ship Street. The Dublin White Book recorded a; 'Demand for four score and five pounds of pepper, arrears of rent of water-mills outside of St. Werburgh's gate [Pole Gate], from 1230-313 to 1318-19. Payment to be made at the exchequer on Monday next after [July 20] the festival of St. Margaret, Virgin' (CARD Vol. 1, 148). In 1385 the Dublin White Book recorded a; 'grant to Thomas Marewarde of the mill del Poll, with appurtenances. Annual rent during life, thirteen shillings and fourpence of silver, instead of double that amount as formerly' (CARD Vol. 1, 125). Smith, J.H. 1857 The Church and Round Tower of St. Michael Le Pole. Dublin. See attached Speed's 1610 Map of Dublin City which shows the watermill with mill race outside and running parallel to the Dublin City Walls, to the E of the 'Pole Gate' (No. 39) and to the S of St Werburgh's Church (no. 41) (DU018-020090-) with the church of St. Michael le Pole (DU018-020082-) to the S. See attached Google Street Maps showing the location of the watermill on Ship Street Little to the E of the Pole Gate Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 6 July 2023
- DU018-020100: Water mill - unclassified, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020100-. Known as 'Watte mill', this has been identified with the mill mentioned in 1272 in Thomas Court (Gilbert 1889, 353). Clarke shows the position of the mill of Thomas Court (FMD map (1978) N10; Bradley & King 1987, 1, 41, Clarke 2002, 26, G12). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 20 November 2012
- DU018-020101: Building, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020101-. The Archdeacon of Dublin's Mansion lay to the east of the vicars choral in St. Patrick's Cathedral. In 1656 it was described as a mansion house (Mason 1819, 16, Bradley & King 1987, 38, 25; FMD map (1978) M1). There are no visible surface remains. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 20 November 2012
- DU018-020102: House - medieval, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020102-. The Archdeacon of Glendalough's manse was located in the N close of St Patrick's Cathedral. There are no visible surface remains(Mason 1819,17; Clarke 2002,30, J2). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 20 November 2012
- DU018-020103: Inn, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020103-. The Friends of Medieval Dublin Map (1978, M3) shows the site of an inn, known as Barons Inns immediately to the south of St. Brides Church, on the W side of Bride's Street (Bradley & King 1987,1, 25). There are no visible surface remains. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 20 November 2012
- DU018-020104: Inn, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020104-. The Friends of Medieval Dublin Map (1978, M4) shows the site of Blackeneys Inns to the E of St. Audeons Church (Bradley & King 1987, 1, 26). There are no visible surface remains. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 20 November 2012
- DU018-020105: Inn, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020105-. Located on the N side of Cook Street. It was the residence of the Burnell family who are documented from the early 15th-century (Gilbert 1854-9, 1, 296-7; Bradley & King 1987,I, 26; FMD map (1978) M5). Excavations in 1992 on ground reclaimed in the 13th century between the town wall and the River Liffey exposed building debris associated with Ham Green pottery (Meenan, R 1992, 20). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 20 November 2012
- DU018-020106: House - 16th/17th century, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020106-. This dwelling was formerly located on the S side of Skinner's Row-close to the Tholsel. It was the Dublin House of the Earl's of Kildare and the residence of Gerald, 9th Earl of Kildare, when he was Lord Deputy (1513-1519, 1524-6; 1532-4). It was later granted to Piers Butler, 9th Earl of Ormond and obtained the name 'Ormond Hall' (Gilbert 1854-9, i, 171-2). It survived until the mid-18th century and was an early cage-work house (Bradley & King 1987, I, 26, FMD map (1978) M6, Walsh 1973,58,73; Breffeny & Ffolliott 1975, 26). There are no visible surface remains. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 20 November 2012
- DU018-020107: Inn, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020107-. The Friends of Medieval Dublin Map (1978) shows the site of Carles Inns' roughly located to the W of Bridge Street. There are no visible surface remains (FMD map 1978, M7). Compiled by; Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 20 November 2012
- DU018-020108: Castle - unclassified, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020108-. Known as 'Castleragge' this dwelling was situated at the junction of Patrick Street and Kevin Street Upper. Described in 1546 as a tower, which lay close to the archdeacon of Dublin's Manse (Mason 1819, 16; Bradley & King 1987, I, 27; FMD map (1978) M8). There are no visible surface remains. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 20 November 2012
- DU018-020109: Castle - unclassified, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020109-. Annotated 'Old Castle' on Rocque's 1756 Map of Dublin where it is shown standing to the S of a row of houses fronting onto the S side of Kevin Street upper and to the W of Cabbage Garden Lane. On this map the 'Old Castle' is depicted as a large roughly L-shaped building with U-Shape or half H-Plan house attached to the SW angle of the castle with formal garden to S. This U-plan structure may have been a 17th century house attached to the Old Castle. Known as the Chancellors Manse this building was located S of St Patrick's Cathedral (Bradley and King 1987, 1, 27). It was still standing as a ruin in the early 19th century. An Inquisition of 1546 described it as a castle lying outside the precincts of the parish of St Kevin (Mason 1819, 16; Clarke 2002, 29, J5). There are no visible surface remains. See attached section of Rocque's 1756 Map of Dublin showing the 'Old Castle' to the S of Kevin Street Upper and to the W of Cabbage Garden Lane (now Cathedral Lane). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Revised by: Caimin O'Brien Date of revised upload: 13 December 2022
- DU018-020110: House - medieval, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020110-. Known as the Chantors Manse this was formerly situated in the N close of St Patricks Cathedral. In 1546 it was valued at 40 shillings per annum (Mason 1819,16; Clarke 2002,30, J6). There are no visible surface remains. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 21 November 2012
- DU018-020111: College, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020111-. The College of the Vicar's Choral was located S of St Patricks Cathedral. In 1546 it consisted of a hall, kitchen and the bed chambers (Mason 1819,15). It was still visible, though ruinous in the early 19th century (Bradley & King 1987,1,27). There are no visible surface remains. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 21 November 2012
- DU018-020112: Inn, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020112-. Conyngham's Inn stood on the N side of Castle Street and it obtained its name in the reign of Henry VI, when it was occupied by John Conyngham (Gilbert 1854-9, 1, 14). In 1479 it was granted to the proctors of St. Werburgh's parish to furnish a chantor for the Chapel of St. Martin in St. Werburgh's(Bradley & King 1987, 2, 27; FMD map (1978) M12). There are no visible surface remains. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 21 November 2012
- DU018-020113: Ecclesiastical residence, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020113-. The present deanery of St. Patrick's Cathedral is located on the site of it's medieval predecessor (Mason 1819, 14-15). This is a Georgian building with vaulted kitchens that may be earlier. The kitchen contains two chambers, the larger has a brick vault, the smaller has a low barrel vault of stone with brick infill (Bradley & King,1987, 1, 28, FMD map (1978) M13,Murtagh 1973,47; Somerville & Large 1996,121). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 21 November 2012
- DU018-020114: House - medieval, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020114-. Known as the Frankhouse, this building stood on the corner of Winetavern Street and John's Lane and was so-called because it was held by the Knight's Hospitallers and was exempt from local taxation (Clarke 2002,30). There are no visible surface remains. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload; 21 November 2012
- DU018-020115: Inn, https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&query=18a4b61b268-layer-9%2CSMRS%2CDU018-020115-. Known as Genevel's Inn, this was the property of Sir Henry Geneval whose wife Maud Lacey is known to have died in 1302 (Bradley & King 1987, 1, 28; FMD map (1978) M15). There are no visible surface remains. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Date of upload: 21 November 2012
- And 439 more.

Works at or in relation to a recorded monument need two months' written notice to the National Monuments Service (National Monuments (Amendment) Act 1994, section 12).

## Architectural heritage (National Inventory of Architectural Heritage)

- Irish & Italian Food Restaurant, house, 1800–1820, Regional interest, registry number 50010420, https://www.buildingsofireland.ie/niah/search.jsp?type=record&county=DU&regno=50010420. Terraced two-bay five-storey house, built c.1810, with facade of c.1860, now in commercial use, with restaurant frontage to ground floor and residential units above. Flat roof concealed behind parapet wall having granite coping and lead flashing. Cement rendered walls to upper floors, with recent timber shopfront to ground floor. Square-headed window openings with patent render reveals and painted granite sills having replacement single-pane timber sliding sash windows.

## Ground and risks (Radon Risk Map of Ireland, EPA; Landslide Susceptibility Classification and LiDAR, Geological Survey Ireland)

- Radon: at the centre of this parcel, about 1 in 20 homes in this area is likely to have high radon levels. Testing a home: https://www.epa.ie/environment-and-you/radon/radon-testing/#d.en.82887
- Landslides: The 1:50,000 map gives no landslide susceptibility class here. Parts of the land are made ground.
- Terrain model: LiDAR of the Office of Public Works, flown in 2011, at 2 m: tile OPW_3206, https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/LiDAR/OPW_NASC/OPW_3206.zip (ZIP).
- Flooding: the flood maps of the Office of Public Works, https://www.floodinfo.ie/map/floodmaps/, linked only: their licence does not allow re-use.

LiDAR: contains Irish Public Sector Data (Geological Survey Ireland & the Office of Public Works) licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence.

## Neighbouring parcels within 25 m (Tailte Éireann)

- Parcel 2590801: 1,342 m², https://everytownland.com/parcel/2590801.md
- Parcel 2590764: 254 m², https://everytownland.com/parcel/2590764.md
- Parcel 5781409: 226 m², https://everytownland.com/parcel/5781409.md
- Parcel 5134216: 224 m², https://everytownland.com/parcel/5134216.md
- Parcel 4955715: 180 m², https://everytownland.com/parcel/4955715.md
- Parcel 5084652: 160 m², https://everytownland.com/parcel/5084652.md
- Parcel 5475631: 148 m², https://everytownland.com/parcel/5475631.md
- Parcel 5781406: 147 m², https://everytownland.com/parcel/5781406.md
- Parcel 5450331: 130 m², https://everytownland.com/parcel/5450331.md
- Parcel 5450330: 122 m², https://everytownland.com/parcel/5450330.md
- Parcel 5142387: 104 m², https://everytownland.com/parcel/5142387.md
- Parcel 2850843: 75 m², https://everytownland.com/parcel/2850843.md
- Parcel 5562561: 53 m², https://everytownland.com/parcel/5562561.md
- Parcel 2590738: 50 m², https://everytownland.com/parcel/2590738.md

## Downloads

- DXF, in Irish Transverse Mercator metres, with its neighbours and buildings, for a drawing program: https://everytownland.com/parcel/5487359.dxf
- GeoJSON, in WGS 84, for a map: https://everytownland.com/parcel/5487359.geojson
- KML, for Google Earth: https://everytownland.com/parcel/5487359.kml

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Everytownland reads the registered freehold land and the statutory boundaries of Tailte Éireann, the national zoning, planning file and heritage records of the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, and the Residential Property Price Register. A parcel is the land of a title, not an address. The owner's name is in the Land Registry of Tailte Éireann: a copy of the folio can be ordered on landdirect.ie, for a fee; this site names no owner. A price is the price recorded for a past sale, not a valuation.

Sources: Cadastral Parcels Freehold, Townlands, Civil Parishes, Baronies, Electoral Divisions and Buildings, Tailte Éireann, CC BY 4.0; national zoning of development plans (GZT, MyPlan) and National Planning Applications, Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, CC BY 4.0, applicants not shown; designated sites, National Parks and Wildlife Service, CC BY 4.0; Sites and Monuments Record, National Monuments Service, CC BY 4.0; National Inventory of Architectural Heritage, CC BY 4.0; Residential Property Price Register, Property Services Regulatory Authority, re-used with the source acknowledged.

- Page: https://everytownland.com/parcel/5487359
- In JSON: https://everytownland.com/api/parcel/5487359