Main Street, Cashel

Area

570 m²

Buildings

6 buildings touch it, 349 m² on the ground

Zoning

No zone of a development plan covers it in the national zoning. Outside zoned towns and villages, the county development plan's rural policies apply.

Townland

Boherclogh

Planning applications on this parcel

• 29 Aug 2022Conditional

  modifications to existing vehicular entrance

  Retention · Tipperary County Council, 22538

Source: National Planning Applications, Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, CC BY 4.0. Applicants are not shown.

Designated sites

No designated site (Special Area of Conservation, Special Protection Area, Natural Heritage Area or proposed one) touches this parcel.

Recorded monuments around it

This parcel is in the zone of notification of 152 recorded monuments.

• TS061-025 Historic town
  Description

  In 370 Cashel became the principal stronghold of the Kings of Munster (Craig, M. and the Knight of Glin, 1970, 24-25). In 1101 it became primarily an ecclesiastical centre (ibid.), having been handed over to the Church by Muircheartach O'Brien (O'Flanagan 1930, 121-127; 128-152). The town was taken out of the archbishop's control in 1218 by the Justiciar of Ireland (Bradley 1985, 45). Ten years later the new town of Cashel was returned to the control of Archbishop Marianus Ua Briain with the agreement of Henry III (ibid.). In 1250 there is a charter from Archbishop Muirin to the reeve and twelve burgesses (Cahill 1982, 8/32). Edward Bruce halted his army here in 1316 and held a Parliament at Cashel (Jackson 1957, 15-19). The town wall was built between 1319 and 1324 (Jackson 1949, 24-25). The ecclesiastical centre on the Rock of Cashel was burnt in 1647 by Murrough O'Brien, Earl of Inchiquin (Op. cit., 1970, 24-25). From the 1980s onwards, a series of archaeological excavations have uncovered information about the medieval layout of the town. In 1988 a trial excavation was conducted at the town wall in the Mitchelstown Co-op complex revealed that 'a thick occupation deposit ran under the wall and may have related to a pre-walled Norman occupation or to some activity associated with the ecclesiastical settlement at the Rock of Cashel' (O'Donnell 1989, 36). A subsequent excavation in 1990 confirmed the medieval date of the wall (Stevens 1991, 51). A post-medieval four-sided sunken stone structure (c.4.3m x 3.5m ext.) was also revealed (ibid.). Other test excavations in 1990 close to the Main Street frontage, at 66-73 Main St., revealed possible house floors of probable medieval date (Hayden 1991, 51-2). Excavation in 1997 at Lower Gate Street found no evidence to suggest that there was medieval or post-medieval suburban settlement or activity outside the walled town (Henry 1998, 160). It can be surmised, in this part of Cashel, that the town wall acted as a boundary for buildings and gardens (ibid.). From April 1998 to January 1999 a new storm and foul network of pipes was laid in and around parts of the town of Cashel (Henry 2000, 190). A licence was held to monitor all ground disturbance works in association with this scheme (ibid.). Regarding The Green and Upper Green, an area of the town that is c. 40m to the south of the medieval walled town, there was no evidence to suggest the presence of extra-mural activity of medieval date (ibid. 191). Equally there was no evidence uncovered in McCann Street, a street c. 80m to the east of the walled town, to suggest that there ever was significant medieval or post-medieval activity in this part of the town (ibid.). There were no traces of earlier street patterns, strata or structures of any significant archaeological date, other than services, found on McCann Street (ibid.). It could be concluded that there was little or no tendency for the town of Cashel to expand in any large scale in an easterly or southerly direction beyond the walled town during the medieval period and in particular in the earlier part of the post-medieval period (ibid.). Another area looked at outside the walled town was Camus Road, 90m to the west of the west circuit of the walled town (ibid.). Limited evidence was found of archaeological activity (ibid.). A possible medieval cobbled surface was uncovered during pre-construction testing (ibid.). The surface was sealed with a rich, black, organic dumped material (ibid.). The findings from Camus Road, though limited, tied into those found on the lane off Camus Road (ibid.). This lane extended in a westerly direction away from the walled town and at right angles to the west of Camus Road (ibid.). There was a dense network of cobbled surfaces, one superseding the other. In most instances the surfaces were separated by medieval, dumped, organic material (ibid.). In addition to the medieval deposits and cobbled surfaces a substantial wall was uncovered in section. It was 7m long and had an average height of 0.5m (ibid.). Though of medieval date, the wall was pre-dated by organic deposits and surfaces. It was not possible to determine the function of the wall (ibid.). However, the findings from the excavation along the lane confirmed that there was extra-mural activity during the medieval and post-medieval period in this part of the town (ibid.). Evidence of early streets was uncovered: their demise, the build-up of organic material, the laying of new cobbled surfaces and a substantial medieval wall, a possible wall of a large extra-mural building (TS061-025032-) (ibid.). Colliers Lane and William Street in the centre of the town were looked at (ibid.). Both areas would have been at the heart of or close to commercial activity in the medieval market town (ibid.). Colliers Lane, though just outside the walled town, would have been close to the activities in the medieval town, and the lane is very near the Dominican Abbey (ibid.). Perhaps the most noteworthy feature of Colliers Lane was the very high level of disturbance and truncation of deposits by stone-lined culverts and dormant and live services (ibid.). Any archaeology that may have survived from the medieval and/or post-medieval period would have been destroyed by the extensive ground disturbances along this lane during the late 19th and 20th century (ibid.). William Street provided the only opportunity to see what was going on inside the medieval walled town (ibid.). It was strategically placed between two important medieval streets, John Street and Main Street, and would have extended alongside the backs of properties that fronted onto those streets and burgage plots (ibid.). Although the trench for the new pipes was quite narrow, archaeological remains of a medieval date were identified during the monitoring of construction works (ibid.). A post-medieval street surface was picked up (ibid.). It overlay two earlier surfaces, again both of post-medieval date (ibid.). The surfaces sealed dumped occupational debris of medieval date (TS061-025033-) (ibid.). The deposit was typical dumped domestic waste that is very common to medieval towns (ibid.). No structures of medieval date were uncovered along the pipeline route (ibid.). The deposits reflect typical medieval activity, the dumping and accumulation of the residue from everyday activities inside a medieval town (ibid.). The development of a site at Collier's Lane, Cashel, required an archaeological assessment (Hurley 2000, 285). The site is close to the Dominican priory (founded in 1243) and is just outside the walled town (ibid.). A number of linear features were uncovered by the excavation. Given that the Dominican priory is so close, that these lands most likely belonged to that order, and that they are known to have houses and gardens close to the abbey, it is most likely that these linear features are the drainage ditches that marked out these gardens and fields (ibid.). It is noticeable that in all editions of the OS 6-inch map of the area the site is shown as being empty except for a series of small houses or sheds fronting part of Collier's Lane (ibid.). Excavation of Cashel's medieval town wall and associated features was conducted before the construction of a library, adjacent to Friar Street (Gregory 2000, 286). The excavated area consisted of the N-S basal remains of the town wall, built c. 1265 (ibid.). The inner portion of the town wall was built on the remains of a substantial backfilled ditch (D 1.8m) that extended beyond the excavation area (ibid.). Part of a human burial was recovered from the base of this ditch. The backfill contained 13th-14th-century pottery (ibid.). It is probable that the pottery entered here during the backfilling phase. The nature of the backfill is consistent with bank material (ibid.). It is possible that this ditch and bank arrangement has some association with the nearby St John's Cathedral (ibid.). St John's Cathedral is on the site of a

• TS061-025001 Chapel
  Description

  On the S side of the summit of a prominent rock outcrop overlooking the town of Cashel (TS061-025----) c. 300m to the S-SE. A round tower (TS061-025002-) is located c. 30m to the N and a high cross (TS061-025006-) lies c. 20m to the SW, though the latter's original position may have been 10m from the N portal of the Romanesque chapel (O'Keeffe 2003, 127-8). A later cathedral (TS061-025003-) was built up against the N tower and incorporates the W gable. It is likely that the church was built as a royal chapel for Cormac McCarthy, king of Munster. Historical sources give the foundation date as 1127, with its consecration in 1134. This date is generally accepted though Stalley has argued for a slightly later foundation date (O'Keeffe 2003, 128-131). The nature of the involvement of the Benedictine order has also been open to question. Gwynn and Hadcock (1988, 105) state that in 1121- c. 1133 the abbot of Ratisbon (Regensburg), Germany sent Irishmen to establish a Benedictine foundation at Cashel and that the priory was established on the Upper Rock of Cashel. Several visits of monks from Ratisbon to Cashel are recorded between 1127 and 1150 (O'Keeffe 2003, 130-1). However, as O'Keeffe argues, it would appear more likely that the royal chapel was served by a monastic clergy, rather than being a monastic church. The monks appear to have been expelled between 1269-72 and were replaced by the Cistercians at Hore Abbey (TS061-024----) (Gwynn and Hadcock 1988, 105). The relative sophistication of this Romanesque church with its twin towers, external arcading and the elaborately carved hunting scene on the tympanum over the doorway suggests strong continental influences and there is evidence that Regensburg craftsmen were involved in its construction, although an English derivation is favoured by some scholars (de Paor 1967, 134). The chapel (total L c. 15m; wall T 1m), constructed of coursed sandstone blocks, consists of a nave (Wth 5.1m) and chancel (Wth 4.8m) with a small apse-like rectangular recess running off the chancel to the E while a doorway of two orders gives acess to the N tower (H over 20m) at the eastern end of the N wall of the nave, and a smaller round-headed doorway leads to the spiral staircase in the corresponding S tower. Above the barrel vault of the nave there is a bee-hive vaulted chamber formerly of two-storeys, which is known as the croft. The most striking architectural features of the church are the boldly carved chancel arch executed in four orders with a hood-moulding; the groined vault of the chancel with heavy diagonal ribs of half-round section; the ornamental pedimented gable of the N porch and N door in five orders with a hood-moulding and tympanum with lion hunting scene. Frescos, covering the walls and ribs of the chancel have been restored to reveal two layers of painting. The frescos include geometric and floral motifs as well as figurative scenes including the baptism of Christ and possibly Solomon and the Queen of Sheba with the temple of Jerusalem (Crotty 1988, 155-8; Manning 2000, 19-20), though Stalley argues that this latter scene represents the adoration of the Magi (2002, 25-9). Excavations at Cormac's chapel in 1992 and 1993 (Hodkinson 1994, 174) revealed two earlier churches on the site (TS061-025028- and TS061-025029-). According to Hodkinson (ibid.) the building of Cormac's chapel began in 1127. In the mid 17th century Cormac's chapel was modified by the insertion of a door and steps into the N tower, the adaptation of the window to a door and the building of a sacristy (ibid.). Compiled by: Jean Farrelly Date of upload: 12 February 2013

• TS061-025002 Round tower
  Description

  On the S side of the summit of a prominent rock outcrop overlooking the town of Cashel (TS061-025----) c. 300m to the S-SE. A Romanesque chapel (TS061-025001-) is located c. 30m to the S and a high cross (TS061-025006-) lies c. 50m to the SW, though the latter's original position may have been 10m from the N portal of the Romanesque chapel (O'Keeffe 2003, 127-8). It is situated at the NE corner of the N transept of the 13th-century cathedral (TS061-025003-) to which it was connected by a passage. The tower (diam. C. 5.33m; H 27.9m - including cap 4.42m) was most likely erected in the 12th century following the transfer of St. Patrick's Rock to the church. It is constructed of coursed sandstone with limestone in evidence in the lower masonry courses and was restored by the O.P.W. in 1874-5, at which times most of the masonry was repointed and the conical cap reset. The original round-headed doorway (H 1.65m; Wth 0.74m; H above ground 3.28m) faces SE, probably towards the W doorway of the first cathedral which was built by c. 1111, and is now replaced by the Gothic cathedral (Stalley 1996, 309; Manning 2000, 32). A second doorway situated in the W face of the tower gives access to the connecting triforium passage of the cathedral. The internal wooden floors, which were connected by ladder, were lit by three flat-headed single-lights at various intervals facing N, NE and SE. However, the top floor, which housed the bell or bells, has four triangular-headed single-light windows, just below the cornice, facing NE, SE, NW and SW respectively. (Barrow 1979, 182-5). The interior of the round tower was excavated in 1841 and was found to be 'filled with loose earth, intermixed with human bones, about two feet [c. 0.6m] deep; under this was a mass of solid stone-work, forming the original floor of the building, about five feet nine [c. 1.7m] below the door; through this the workmen penetrated to the rock on which the tower was built; small fragments of charcoal were found at the base of the tower' (Coleman 1914, 102). Compiled by: Jean Farrelly Date of upload: 26 August 2011

• TS061-025003 Cathedral
  Description

  Roughly centrally placed on the summit of a prominent rock outcrop overlooking the town of Cashel (TS061-025----) c. 300m to the S-SE. An earlier Romanesque chapel (TS061-025001-) is located in the external angle between the choir and the S transept and a high cross (TS061-025006-) lies c. 10m SW of the W angle of the S transept, though the latter's original position may have been 10m from the N portal of the Romanesque chapel (O'Keeffe 2003, 127-8). The cathedral is constructed of limestone rubble, roughly coursed. It is cruciform in plan, comprising a long choir and short nave, a N and S transept, off which run a number of side chapels, a crossing tower at the junction of nave and choir, and a tower house built onto the W end of the nave. There are a large number of altar tombs and wall memorials within the cathedral, the majority of which date from the 16th century. The main entrance to the cathedral is the porch, with groin-vaulted ceiling, which projects from the S wall of the nave. The matching porch on the N side no longer survives apart from a smaller doorway, the inner arch of which is blocked (Manning 2000, 27). The choir (int. dims. 28.3m x c. 9m; wall T 1.5m) dates to the 1230s and is the earliest phase of the cathedral where the all the carved stonework is sandstone. It was lit by a sequence of lancet windows in the N and S walls with clerestorey quatrefoil windows, within segmental-arched embrasures with unusual curving sills, between the tops of the lancets. Only the lower portion of the three-light E window survives. There are two other windows, one looking N and the other S into the courtyard which separates the cathedral from Cormac's Chapel. There is a blocked-up doorway in the N wall which lead into a sacristy or chantry which no longer survives. At the E end of the S wall there is a piscina and W of this there is a sedilia and a tomb recess containing the effigy of Archbishop Miler Magrath. W of this tomb is a doorway, inserted in the post-medieval period, which led to a chamber or sacristy which no longer survives (Manning 2000, 25). According to Seymour (1910, 330-331) this chamber probably served as the chapter-house throughout the 17th century. The 15th-century crossing tower (int. dims. 15m x 15m) is carried on four 13th-century clustered banded columns with ornate limestone capitals. Overhead there is a ribbed vault which was largely reconstructed in 1875, having, according to tradition, been damaged when the bells were moved in the siege of 1647 (Manning 2000, 28). The crossing tower is lit by ogee-headed windows and the main chamber contains sculpted corbels bearing animal and human heads. The transepts (both c. 12m x 17m) running off the crossing tower to the N and S are contemporary with the crossing tower and nave and both are lit by three-light lancets which were lowered in height in the 15th century. A wall painting depicted the crucifixion has recently been restored in the S transept. The N transept has a simple openwork quatrefoil set into a round embrasure above the head of the central lancet. A series of pointed windows are set high in the E and W walls of both transepts. They are connected to each other by mural passages which themselves are accessible via two winding staircases on the N and S sides of the crossing tower. Facilitated by steep flights of ascending and descending stairs, these passages run through the walls of the transepts on all sides and down over the eastern tower arch and extend westwards into the sidewalls of the nave. Beneath the spiral stairs in the NW pier of the crossing there is an earlier rock cut well. Both transepts have side chapels on their E side. Those in the N transept form external projections and are each gabled and lit by twin lancet windows. The most northerly of the two is called the Apostles Chapel and the southern one is known as the Baptistry. The two vaulted chapels in the corresponding S transept dedicated to St. Brigid and the Blessed Virgin, are not additions but are simply created out of the wall thickness. Externally, the NE and SE angles of the S transept terminate in elaborate corner piers which have canopied niches for statuary and terminate, above the roof, in octagonal turrets with conical caps. The nave is unusually short (int. dims. L c. 15m x Wth 12m), perhaps having been shortened by the insertion of a tower house (TS061-025004-) at the W end by Archbishop Richard O'Hedian in the mid 15th century. There is a two-light window in the S wall of the nave, partially converted into a tomb niche, with 17th-century stucco decorating the embrasure. The residential tower at the W end of the nave is entered through a pointed doorway at the S end of the W wall. In the early 16th century, between 1504 and 1525, a second floor was built over the nave, it connected with the tower house and appears to have functioned as an upper hall (Stalley 1996, 312). Compiled by: Jean Farrelly Date of upload: 11 February 2013

• TS061-025004 Castle - tower house
  Description

  On the summit of a prominent rock outcrop overlooking the town of Cashel (TS061-025----) c. 300m to the S-SE. A five-storey a residential tower house (int. diam. c. 10m x 5m; wall T c. 1m) of roughly coursed limestone rubble, surmounted by a stepped parapet. It was built into the W end of the nave of the cathedral (TS061-025003-), probably by Archbishop Richard O'Hedian (1406-40) (Stalley 1996, 312). There is an angle buttress at the W end of the S wall rising to second-floor level, with a cusped ogee-headed statue niche incorporated into the base mimicking the 13th-century trefoil-headed niches on the exterior of the cathedral. There is a barrel-vaulted roof over the first floor. The chamber at second-floor level is very commodious with a cut-stone oculus window in the W wall and the remains of a joggle-jointed limestone fireplace in the E wall. This level is protected by several murder-holes and is connected to the adjoining cathedral via a mural passage. A steep straight-sided mural stair rises in the W wall. Most of the S wall of the tower house collapsed in a storm in 1848 (Manning 2000, 31). An 18th-century sketch shows a two-light traceried window in each of the two upper levels of the S wall (Harbison 1998, 214-5). A tower of pentagonal plan connects the tower house with the cathedral crossing-tower. It houses a well-lit broad spiral staircase, the descent of which leads into the cathedral by a doorway in the S transept. At the top of the staircase there is a sculpted stone head wearing a mitre, presumably that of an archbishop. In the early 16th century, between 1504 and 1525, a second floor was built over the cathedral's nave, which connected with the tower house and appears to have functioned as an upper hall (Stalley 1996, 312). Compiled by: Jean Farrelly Date of upload: 26 August 2011

• TS061-025005 College
  Description

  On the S edge of the summit of a prominent rock outcrop overlooking the town of Cashel (TS061-025----) c. 300m to the S-SE. The cathedral (TS061-025003-) is located c. 15m to the N. The building of a hall for eight Vicars Choral is attributed to Archbishop Richard O'Hedian (1406-40) and is contemporary with the residential tower house (TS061-025004-) at the W end of the nave of the cathedral. The Vicars Choral consisted of both laymen and clerics who were appointed to assist in chanting the cathedral service. This is a long building, constructed of limestone rubble, roughly coursed, the western end consists of a chamber to the W, possibly a gatehouse and to the E a vaulted undercroft and galleried hall above. Excavations immediately W of the W gable uncovered the eastern pier of two periods of gateway, one pre-dating the college and one contemporary with it (Manning 1989, 46). The eastern end of the college is on a slightly different alignment and functioned as a two-storey dormitory with four ogee-headed windows in the S wall of each level, presumably lighting the eight bed spaces provided. The main hall contains a large fireplace, which is a later insertion, bearing the latin inscription 'E.S. ET E.H. ME FIERI FE[CERUNT]' which translates as E.S. and E.H. had me made. Manning (2000, 34) suggests that the initialled surnames refer to Sall and Hayden or Hackett. The oak floor, gallery and roof date to 1985 when the building was restored by the Office of Public Works. Prior to restoration the interior was excavated and finds of 17th-century date were recovered as well as evidence of earlier mortared walls (Manning 1986, 37). The undercroft is currently used to store and display carved stonework from the Rock and surrounding areas. A sheela-na-gig (TS061-025024-) is carved on an upper quoin on the S face of the SE angle of the E gable. Compiled by: Jean Farrelly Date of upload: 26 August 2011

• TS061-025006 Cross - High cross
  Description

  Traditionally referred to as 'St Patrick's Cross'. Housed in the vaulted undercroft of the college of the Vicars Choral (TS061-025005-) where it was moved in 1981 from its former position, now occupied by a replica, c. 10m N of this building and c. 10m SW of the W angle of the S transept of the cathedral (TS061-025003-). An excavation at this location revealed that this is not the original position of the high cross (Lynch 1983, 15-16). Stalley (1985, 8-10) suggests that this 12th century cross is likely to have stood a distance of approx. 10m in front of the N portal of the Romanesque chapel (TS061-025001-) and had to be moved when the 13th-century cathedral was erected. The cross (H 2.42m) was hewn from a single piece of sandstone and is decorated on the W face with a depiction of Christ crucified while the E face displays a panel of interlaced beasts. It is unusual in that the arms of the cross were supported on stone uprights, one on either side, of which only one survives. The base (dims. 1.45m x 1.15m; H 1.22m) into which the cross is tenonned was also decorated . Although it is badly eroded, a rectangular panel with irregular interlace and two bird-like creatures at the top is discernible on the E face, a Greek cross within a pattern of T-shapes, L-shapes and squares on the S face and a pattern of approx. 16 concentric circles is visible on the N side with an animal at the centre, interpreted by Harbison (1998, 107-111) as a Minotaur at the centre of a labyrinth (Leask 1951, 14-18; Harbison 1992, 34-5). There is no discernible decoration on the W face, this may be due to erosion. Compiled by: Jean Farrelly Date of upload: 26 August 2011

• TS061-025007 Religious house - Dominican friars
  Description

  On the E side of Dominic Street at the northern end of the town (TS061-025----), immediately outside the medieval town wall (TS061-025023-). This priory was founded in 1243 by Archbishop David O'Kelly of Cashel (d. 1252) for the Dominican Friars (Gwynn and Hadcock 1988, 223). A S transept with a W aisle was added c. 1270 (Leask 1967, 93). Testimony to the importance of the foundation was its hosting of two general chapters of the Dominican order in Ireland in 1289 and 1307 (Harbison 1970, 225). Following an accidental fire in c. 1480 the greater part of the friary was rebuilt by Arcbishop John Cantwell (d. 1483) in return for which he was recognised as patron and co-founder (Gwynn and Hadcock 1988, 223). In April 1540 the then Prior, Edward Brown surrendered the Friary (Gwynn and Hadcock 1988, 223). In an inquisition of that time it was described as comprising a church and belfry, a cloister, dormitory, and a chamber with two cellars accompanied by an orchard, three gardens, and a cemetery (Gwynn and Hadcock 1988, 223). In the precincts there were nine cottages with six gardens and outside were two messuages with four gardens (White 1943, 334-5). In 1543-4 the entire complex was granted to Walter Fleming for a rent of £46.2s.6d (Gwynn and Hadcock 1988, 223). The upstanding remains consist of a long rectangular church, orientated E-W, with a crossing tower (dims E-W 5.68m) at the junction of the nave (int. dims. E-W 23.1m) and choir, a S transept (int. dims. 5.75m N-S; E-W including W aisle 12.3m) running off the nave with a western aisle (Wth 3.95m), the piers of which are only visible as column bases and an aisle on the S side of the nave (int. dims. of nave and S aisle N-S 12.75m), the springer for the W arch of which projects from the W gable. It is constructed of roughly coursed limestone rubble, with yellow sandstone employed for the 13th-century lancet windows and doorways, and cut and dressed limestone utilised in the 15th-century alterations. The pointed doorway in the W gable has sandstone surrounds with an external chamfer. There is a horizontal recess (H c. 0.3m) above the doorway which runs the width of the gable. The choir is lit by a sequential alignment of nine lancet windows in the S wall, while the triple lancets in the E gable have been blocked up and a four-light traceried window inserted. The 13th-century windows in the S transept and the W gable of the nave have also been blocked up and replaced by traceried windows. The crossing tower, added in the 15th century, rises on stone piers with a vaulted arch at a level with the top of the nave wall. The tower rises three storeys above the arch with the lower courses of the parapet surviving. The coping stones of the nave roof project from the E face of the tower, with a doorway above the roofline on the N side where the tower was accessible from the wall-walk of the nave. A series of five corbels and the coping stones of claustral buildings project out from the external N face of the nave, above which is a row of 13th-century sandstone lancet windows lighting the nave. There is a blocked flat-headed sandstone doorway at first-floor level at the W end of the N wall of the nave which is not visible externally. There are also the remains of a building running E-W adjoining the northern and southern ends of the external face of the E wall of the S transept. There are a number of medieval graveslabs (TS061-025065- to TS061-025075-) in the nave, the S transept and its aisle and a 13th/14th-century sarcophagus (TS061-025063-) in the NE corner of the nave. Incorporated into the masonry of the N wall of the nave there is a sculpted female head (TS061-025076-) and portion of a side-panel of an altar tomb (TS061-025064-) decorated with the symbols of the passion. A primitive carving of a male child-like figure (perhaps a portrayal of the child Jesus) appears to be of post-1700 date. There is a very badly worn fragment of a medieval graveslab functioning as a step up into the chancel area E of the crossing tower. Compiled by: Jean Farrelly Date of upload: 26 August 2011

• TS061-025008 Religious house - Franciscan friars
  Description

  E of Friar Street and outside the southern end of the E length of the medieval town wall (TS061-025023-). The site is currently occupied by an RC Church and a former Convent complex. The friary, also known as Hacket's Abbey, was founded in c. 1265 by Lord William Hacket for the Conventual Franciscans (Gwynn and Hadcock 1988, 244). The foundation became Observant in 1538 and in the same year the Archbishop of Cashel Edmund Butler obtained the friary for a small rent (ibid.). During the course of the dissolution of monasteries, the Cashel friary was seized, but the friars were apparently allowed to stay on (ibid.). An inquisition of the 7th April 1540 described the precinct as comprising a church and steeple, dormitory, hall, four chambers, kitchen and two gardens, one acre, all in a ruinous state and not valued; the possessions included 18 messuages and gardens, and 16 acres of land, valued at £3 10s. 2d.(ibid.). The friars finally abandoned the premises in c. 1550 (ibid.). There are no extant structural remains of the Franciscan Friary. An 18th-century illustration (Grose 1791 (reprint 1982), 47-8) shows the friary church from the SE, with three tall lancet windows in the E gable and sequential lancets in the S wall of the chancel, though the most easterly appears enlarged with a segmental head. The partial E wall of a S transept is depicted, as well as the S gable and E wall of a possible side chapel, W of the transept. This side chapel is shown with a three-light traceried window with hood-moulding in the S gable. The text accompanying the sketch states that 'On the night of the 14th of February, 1757, the lofty and beautiful steeple of this church fell to the ground. This religious house was situate at the rear of Friar-street, and is now so much gone to ruin, that it is scarcely possible to trace the divisions of the building: what remains measures east and west, one hundred and fifty feet (45m) in length, and twenty-five (7.6m) in breadth; on the south side, opposite the centre of this range, is a small chapel, with niches for candles, and a handsome window. In the year 1781, the great east window and many other parts of the Abbey were pulled down, to employ the materials in private buildings.' In 1888 John Davis White noted that not a stone of the abbey was still standing, having been replaced by the modern Catholic church. He added that a 'stone coffin' (TS061-025077-), said to be that of Sir William Hackett, had been placed at the entrance to the church and was being used as a holy water recepticle. Other graveslabs and effigies from the Franciscan Friary have been moved to the C of I Catherdral of St. John the Baptist and to the Vicar's Choral on the Rock of Cashel. There are several architectural fragments visible in the external face of the RC church boundary wall. Two limestone capitals (TS083-019104-; TS083-019105-) from the friary, dating to the latter half of the 13th century, are currently stored in South Tipperary County Museum. Compiled by: Jean Farrelly Date of revised upload: 10 February 2015

• TS061-025009 Castle - tower house
  Description

  On the SE side of Main Street, Cashel, centrally placed within the walled town (TS061-025001-). This tower house is generally known as Quirke's castle but it is historically associated with Gaelic Kearney family who were one of the leading families in Cashel up to the Cromwellian confiscations. Thomas Kearney was Alderman of Cashel in 1640. Lord Inchiquin apparently used the castle as a base for his garrison during his seige of the Rock of Cashel in 1647 and Fr. John Kearney was hanged within the tower house in 1652. The tower house (int. dims. 5.15m x 4.85m; wall T over 1m) is currently converted into a hotel and is called Grant's Castle. A five-storey high tower house with two caphouses, running NW-SE along the NE and SW walls respectively, constructed of limestone rubble roughly coursed with well-cut quoinstones and a pronounced base-batter (H c. 2.5m). The battlements have stepped crenellations with a wall-walk along the NW and SE walls with a series of drainage spouts, three of which terminate in sculpted human heads with gaping mouths. The original entrance to the towerhouse was on the street front, in the NW wall, but the mid-section of this wall up to first-floor level has been removed and a large round-headed arch inserted with a wooden and glass panelled doorway and a pseudo portcullis above. The fenestration has been somewhat altered, a large round-headed window has been inserted in the NW wall at third-floor level. At least one original single-light ogee-headed window, the other windows are simple loops lighting the spiral stair in the N angle. Much of the interior has been altered to accomodate hotel fittings but features such as the spiral staircase, embrasures and wall-cupboards remain intact. At ground-floor level the internal face of the SE wall has been robbed out. The first floor (dims. 6.18m NE-SW; 3.85m NW-SE) was entered from the spiral-stair via a pointed doorway into a short lobby, lit by a loop, and through a flat-headed doorway into the chamber. Though altered the remains of three window embrasures are discernible in the NE, NW and SW walls. The greater part of the southern end of the SE wall has been knocked through and a modern concrete window embrasure inserted. Near the S angle the head of an opening remains in situ and there is a large wall cupboard near the E angle of this SE wall. The second floor has a pointed vaulted roof with good wicker-centring, it was a loft space rather than a chamber and was only lit by a small window in the NW wall. It rested on a wooden floor, with beam-holes for the wall-plate at either end of the NW wall and was accessed from the floor below via a wooden stairs or ladder. The third floor (dims. 5.95m NE-SW; 4.75m NW-SE), entered from the spiral-stair, was probably lit by a window in each wall, the remains of embrasures are visible internally on all but the SW wall and this wall appears to have a modified window visible externally. There is a large wall-cupboard at the S end of the SE wall. The fourth floor was entered from the spiral-stair via a short passage lit by a single loop. The floor level has been raised by c. 1.2m to accommodate the hotel water tank. There are no windows at this level and like the second floor it appears to be a storage space. There is a large round-headed arched recess in the NE wall and a corbel table in the SW wall, both structural supports for the caphouse above each of these walls. The NE caphouse (Wth 1.35m) is lit by an ogee-headed window in the NE wall and the SW caphouse (Wth 0.58m) is lit by two loops in the SW wall and has a circular gun-loop in the NW wall. Compiled by: Jean Farrelly Date of upload: 26 August 2011

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Architectural heritage

No building of the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage stands on this parcel.

Designated sites: National Parks and Wildlife Service. Recorded monuments: Sites and Monuments Record, National Monuments Service. Buildings: National Inventory of Architectural Heritage. Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, CC BY 4.0. Works at or in relation to a recorded monument need two months' written notice to the National Monuments Service (National Monuments (Amendment) Act 1994, section 12).

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