Gowran Demesne
Gowran Demesne is a townland in the civil parish of Gowran, barony of Gowran, Co. Kilkenny. Its name in Irish is Baile Sheáin Mhóir.
Parcel 826528
- Area
- 52,061 m² (5.21 ha, 12.86 acres)
- Buildings
- 3 buildings touch it. Their footprint covers 408 m².
- Zoning
- No zone of a development plan covers it in the national zoning. Outside zoned towns and villages, the county development plan's rural policies apply.
- Townland
- Gowran Demesne
Planning applications on this parcel
No planning application touches this parcel in the national file, which goes back to 2010.
Source: National Planning Applications, Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, CC BY 4.0. Applicants are not shown.
Designated sites
No designated site (Special Area of Conservation, Special Protection Area, Natural Heritage Area or proposed one) touches this parcel.
Recorded monuments around it
This parcel is in the zone of notification of 69 recorded monuments.
- KK020-060 Historic town
Description
On a gentle W-facing slope, on the N side of a tributary of the River Barrow, which flows c. 5km to the E. Kilkenny city (KK019-026----) is located 12km to the WNW. The town is organised on an E-W axis with burgage plots running from the main street N and S to the town defences (KK020-060003-), though the length of the plots on the S side appear to have been less, possibly as they backed onto the castle demesne. A burgage boundary in the NE area of the town was excavated in 2005 (03E0863) in advance of the construction of the Abbeygrove housing estate and was found to consist of a fosse (Wth c. 1m; D c. 0.5m) (Stafford 2008, 196). The 13th-century parish church (KK020-060006-) is roughly centrally placed, though set back, on the S side of the main street. A 1710/11 map the town showing a cross towards the E end of the main street, suggests that the original market place was located in this area, S of the main street and probably infilled with a 'Malt House' (KK020-060018-) (White 1710/11). There is a triangular fair green at the W end of the town. According to Carrigan (1905, vol. 3, 399), before the arrival of the Anglo-Normans, the chief rulers of Ossory had a royal residence at Bealach Ghabhrain (Gowran Pass), which was a significant part of the routeway between Ossory (Munster) and Leinster. Between 1162 and 1165, Dermot O’Ryan’s grant of lands for the foundation of the Cistercian Abbey of Killenny was confirmed at ‘Belachgaurain’ by his overlord King Dermot Mac Murrough, in the presence of Laurence O’Toole, Archbishop of Dublin and many other nobles (ibid., 399-400). Following the acquisition of the Kingdom of Leinster by Richard de Clare (Strongbow) in 1172, his followers were rewarded with portions of the kingdom and Gowran went to Theobald fitz Walter, Chief Butler of Ireland (ibid., 400). It is likely that a motte and bailey castle (KK020-060005-) was probably erected in Gowran around this time. Before fitz Walter’s death in 1206, he granted a charter of incorporation to his ‘free burgesses of Balligaueran’ (ibid.). Carrigan suggests that it was also fitz Walter who appropriated the Rectory, or moiety of the Rectory of Gowran to the Knights Templars, of the Priory of Kilmainham, who are found in possession of same as early as the year 1254 (ibid.). Early in Edward II’s reign, c. 1307-10, oak trees from the Templars’ woods at Athkilton were given to repair the houses at ‘Ballygawran’ (Gwynn and Hadcock 1988, 329-30). Gowran was besieged and captured by Edward Bruce during the Bruce invasion in 1316 (ibid.). In 1321 Edmund Butler, Earl of Carrick, who had died in London following a pilgrimage to the shrine of St James at Compostella, was buried in the parish church (KK020-060006-) in Gowran, as was his son James, the 1st Earl of Ormond in 1337 (ibid.). In the 14th century Gowran was very much a frontier town, as is emphasised in a document of 1382 which gives, ‘licence to Thomas Derkyn and Walter Cantell, who are staying in the marches of Ballygarveran on the frontier of the Irish enemies, viz. McMurgh and Onolan and their accomplices, to treat and make concord for themselves, their tenants and for the men of others, and to give them provisions and cloth, for the defence of their tenants and others against the invasions of the Irish, provided that they should not give or sell them any victuals, horses or armour in time of war, and that this treat is not to the K[ing]’s prejudice nor that of this faithful people (chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/5-richard-ii/192; accessed 9 March 2021). No doubt in response to this threat, and in keeping with the prestige of the Butler family, a new castle was erected c. 1385 by James Butler, the 3rd Earl of Ormond. This castle (KK020-060004-), which no longer survives, appears to have been built on a site close to that occupied by the later house built in 1816 by Viscount Clifden (Carrigan 1905, vol. 3, 400)). ‘Castle (Site of)’ is indicated on the 1900 revised 6-inch OS map c. 75m NE of the later ‘Gowran Castle’, though curiously is not indicated on the earlier 1839 edition. There is a reference to one Teige OCarroll being imprisoned in Gowran castle 1399 (ibid.). Carrigan quotes from the Patent Rolls, stating that in 1415, ‘The town of Balygaveran, in the county of Kilkenny, in the marshes of the said Co., being situated far from any English aid, and being surrounded by Irish enemies who have lately burned it and destroyed the lieges therein, and daily threaten to do so again, the King grants it burgesses and commons, to assist them in surrounding their town with a stone wall, paving their streets, and doing other necessary works, the privilege of taking, for the term of forty years, such tolls and customs as were taken in the town of Kilkenny by royal charter, rendering all accounts thereof before the Earl of Ormond and not to the Treasury’ (ibid.; chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/5-henry-v/165; accessed 9 March 2021). In c. 1501 the portreeve (mayor) and ‘commons’ of Ballygrowran sent their town charter to the Earl of Ormond requesting it be reconfirmed and that, ‘we might be relewed [released] of Coyne and lewray [coyne and livery] as your fre burgeses acordynge our furst fundacion specified in our said old chartre’ (Curtis 1937, vol. 4, 347 (Appendum 3, 56)). The practice of coyne and livery, whereby the townsfolk had to billet, feed and sometimes pay the wages of troops, had been banned within the Pale in 1488 but continued in the march territories, obviously much to the annoyance of the townsfolk of Gowran. The Calendar of Ormond Deeds records an inquisition taken at Kilkenny after the death of James Butler, Earl of Ormond in 1546 which describes the manor of Ballygawran (Gowran) as containing, ‘appurtenances [rights pertaining to property], and one castle, thirty messuages [a house with outbuildings and a parcel of land or yard], eighty acres of arable land, four acres of meadow, twenty acres of pasture, with two acres of underwood and two water mills, with appurtenances, in Ballygawran, also 9l. 6s. 8d. chief rent due of the burgesses of said town each year, besides suit of court [obligation to attend and participate in the manorial court]’ (Curtis 1937, vol. 4, 301-02 (361)). A more detailed rental account of Gowran appears in the Calendar of Ormond Deeds c. 1550 (Curtis 1941, vol. 5, 44-7 (25)). This lists the burgesses according to where they are located in the town. A 1710/11 map of the town shows the town with its defences, gates, houses and property boundaries. Three town gates are indicated, the ‘Magdalan Gate’ at the E end of the town, the ‘West Gate’ at the W end and an internal ‘Gate’ at the E end of the market place. The earlier rental account however, mentions a total of seven town gates, referred to as ‘barr’ or ‘barre’ including, ‘Maugdelin barre’, ‘Castell barr’, ‘Tibirdowanis barr’, ‘West barre’, ‘Nywe gate’, ‘Tregis barr’ and ‘Gregisbarr’, which are possibly described following the town circuit from E to S and then W to N (though also probably including an inner gate). ‘Tibirdowanis’ is possibly a corruption of the Irish for Tobar an Domhnaigh (Sunday’s Well). The 1710/11 map names the main street, ‘The Street’ and the fair green, ‘The Green’. A ‘Haggerd Street’ is named running outside of, and parallel to, the S town wall. A cobbled surface excavated (06E0237) in 2006 in advance of a proposed development in Gowran demesne was identified as the possible remains of Haggerd Street (McLoughlin 2007, 18). There are three lanes on the S side of the town, one, ‘The Lane’ runs S from the E end of the main street towards the castle which probably terminated at Castle gate, one called ‘College Lane’ which provided access to the college immediately E of the parish church, and one called ‘St John’s Lane’ which ran S from ‘The Green’ and possibly terminated at ‘Tibirdowanis barr’. There was another lane/street whic
- KK020-060002 Cross - Market cross (present location)
Description
A 1710/11 map the town showing a cross towards the E end of the main street, suggests that the original market place was located in this area, S of the main street and probably infilled with a 'Malt House' (KK020-060018-) (White 1710/11). There is a triangular fair green at the W end of the town which Thomas (1992, vol. 2, 115) suggests may have originally been outside the town but which was incorporated as a result of an expansion westward. The cross indicated on the White map was probably the market cross and this appears to have subsequently moved to the fair green which effectively became the market place. Local tradition relates that, ‘the Cromwellians broke the cross down and that the pieces were scattered on the green’ (Drennan 1965, 58). Only the base of the cross survives. It has been placed on a circular concrete plinth on the SW grassy island within the green. It consists of a straight-sided plain block of limestone, square in plan (dims. 0.6m x 0.6m), which tapers towards the top. The top of the base has a rectangular socket (dims. 0.18m x 0.2m; D 0.18m). Compiled by: Jean Farrelly Date of upload: 22 March 2021
- KK020-060003 Town defences
Description
On a gentle W-facing slope. A short length of a stream runs along the SW angle of the town, part of a tributary of the River Barrow, which flows S of the town, reaching the Barrow c. 5km to the E. Kilkenny city (KK019-026----) is located 12km to the WNW. The medieval town was roughly rectangular (area c. 12-19 hectares) organised on an E-W axis with burgage plots running from the main street N and S to the town defences (KK020-060003-), though the length of the plots on the S side appear to have been less, possibly as they backed onto the castle demesne. The N line of the town defences had been preserved in the N properties boundary, as indicated on the 1st (1839) ed. OS 6-inch map and 1900 revision. These survived relatively intact up until the mid 1990s, however, subsequent expansion of housing developments along the N side of the town has obscured the N line of the town defences. The only murage grant known for Gowran is referred to in the Patent Rolls, stating that in 1415, ‘The town of Balygaveran, in the county of Kilkenny, in the marshes of the said Co., being situated far from any English aid, and being surrounded by Irish enemies who have lately burned it and destroyed the lieges therein, and daily threaten to do so again, the King grants it burgesses and commons, to assist them in surrounding their town with a stone wall, paving their streets, and doing other necessary works, the privilege of taking, for the term of forty years, such tolls and customs as were taken in the town of Kilkenny by royal charter, rendering all accounts thereof before the Earl of Ormond and not to the Treasury’ (Carrigan 1905, vol. 3, 400; chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/5-henry-v/165; accessed 9 March 2021). A 1710/11 map of the town shows the town with its defences, gates, houses and property boundaries. ‘The Rampart or Trench’ is indicated forming the N line of the town defences, while ‘THE TOWN WALL’, forming the S boundary, is indicated running NW-SE from Gowran Castle (KK020-060004-) to the edge of the town, opposite the inner gate (White 1710/11). Three town gates are indicated, the ‘Magdalan Gate’ at the E end of the town, the ‘West Gate’ at the W end and an internal ‘Gate’ at the E end of the market place (ibid.). A rental account of Gowran in the Calendar of Ormond Deeds, c. 1550, mentions a total of seven town gates, referred to as ‘barr’ or ‘barre’ including, ‘Maugdelin barre’, ‘Castell barr’, ‘Tibirdowanis barr’, ‘West barre’, ‘Nywe gate’, ‘Tregis barr’ and ‘Gregisbarr’, which are possibly described following the town circuit from E to S and then W to N (though also probably including an inner gate) (Curtis 1941, vol. 5, 44-7 (25)). ‘Tibirdowanis’ is possibly a corruption of the Irish for Tobar an Domhnaigh (Sunday’s Well). Thomas (1992, vol. 2, 115) offers two suggestions for the presence on an internal gate, favouring the later. Firstly, that it indicates that the town was originally larger and contracted, necessitating the building on an inner gate, possibly coincident with the 15th-century murage grant (ibid.). Secondly, that the inner gate was originally an external gate and the town extended westward, an argument strengthened by the fact that the fair green was usually located outside the town and had become incorporated and that ‘Haggerd Street’, shown on the 1710/11 map running outside of, and parallel to, the S town wall, was probably accessed from St John’s Lane, probably the original extra-mural route to the S (ibid.). There are three lanes on the S side of the town, one, ‘The Lane’ runs S from the E end of the main street towards the castle which probably terminated at Castle gate, one called ‘College Lane’ which provided access to the college immediately E of the parish church, and one called ‘St John’s Lane’ which ran S from ‘The Green’ and possibly terminated at ‘Tibirdowanis barr’. There was another lane/street which ran from the NW angle of the green to a gate. This lane is suggested by the arrangement of property boundaries on the 1st (1839) ed. OS 6-inch map and was identified in an excavation (06E0625) prior to the Ogenty housing development (Ó Drisceoil 2009, 263). There was probably another lane/street leading to a gate in the N circuit, perhaps running from the N side of the green. An archaeological excavation (96E0314) through the N line of the town defences (ITM 663277, 653645) uncovered a fosse (Wth 4.7m; max. D 2.1m below ground level) which the excavator suggested was originally c. 5m wide and c. 1.7m deep and probably defined the northern edge of the town (Campbell 1996, 3-5). Excavations (03E0863) prior to the construction of the Abbeygrove housing estate revealed several sections of the town ditch (Wth 4-5.9m; D 1.35-1.5m) towards the E end of the N line of town defences, running NE-SW (between 14 and 15 Abbeygrove and the Gowran Abbey nursing home), with indications of a substantial internal bank (Wth 4.5m) (Stafford 2003, 8, 9; 2008, 196). Further excavations (04E0201) N of the fair green, in advance of The Steeples housing estate, revealed that the town ditch (Wth c. 4m) had continued along the line drawn in the 1710/11 map and that the kick-out at the back of the property had been a later 18th or early 19th-century extension (McLoughlin 2004, 10). Discolouration of the subsoil S of the town ditch was interpreted as possible residual bank material (ibid.). The excavation (06E0625) prior to the Ogenty housing development also revealed part of the town ditch (Wth 3m; D just over 1m) in the NW angle of the town, running E-W and beginning to turn SW, showing that the kick-out indicated on the 1710/11 map does not follow the medieval town defences (Delany 2023; Ó Drisceoil 2009, 263). The foundations of a mortar bonded wall (T c. 0.7m), possibly the town wall, were identified S of the town during the excavation (06E0237) in advance of a proposed development (McLoughlin 2004, 14, 18). Delany (2023) summaries the variations in the town ditch as, 'archaeological excavations along the line of the towns northern defences also uncovered a ditch, which ranged from 6m wide and 1.5m deep on the high ground in the east extent of the town, to 4m wide and 1m deep on the site adjoining the excavation site in the lower-lying west extent of the town. The results of the various investigations indicate that the north side of the town was protected by a substantial ditch, and probably an internal earthen bank most likely formed of upcast from the ditch. The ditch appears to have been more substantial to the east, reducing in width and depth as it proceeded downslope to the west'. Ref.: Delany, D. 2023 Archaeological excavation at Ogenty, Kilkenny Road, Gowran, Co. Kilkenny. Final report. Excavation licence number: 21E0385. An Bord Pleanala reference: ABP-306914-19. Dominic Delany & Associates. Unpublished report Compiled by: Jean Farrelly Date of upload: 22 March 2020
- KK020-060004 Castle - unclassified
Description
Located c. 60m S of the medieval town of Gowran. The site of the castle is marked on the 1900 revision of the OS 6-inch map, c. 60m NE of Gowran House, and was visible in 1992 as, ‘an overgrown mound, with evidence of masonry and rising to c. 1.5m above the surrounding ground level’ (Farrelly et al. 1992, 143). This mound has been removed and the E half is now incorporated in a farmyard where the ground level has been significantly reduced (McLoughlin 2007, 18). An archaeological excavation (06E0237) in 2006 in the W portion of the former mound, prior to a proposed development, revealed very large stones as well as red brick and mortar (ibid.). Following the acquisition of the Kingdom of Leinster by Richard de Clare (Strongbow) in 1172, his followers were rewarded with portions of the kingdom and Gowran went to Theobald fitz Walter, Chief Butler of Ireland (Carrigan 1905, vol. 3, 400). It is likely that a motte and bailey castle (KK020-060005-) was erected in Gowran around this time. Gowran became the principal seat of the Butlers for a short period from the second half of the 14th century, when they lost Nenagh (KK020-037001-), until 1391 when they acquired Kilkenny Castle (KK020-019078-). In the 14th century Gowran was very much a frontier town, as is emphasised in a document of 1382 which gives, ‘licence to Thomas Derkyn and Walter Cantell, who are staying in the marches of Ballygarveran on the frontier of the Irish enemies, viz. McMurgh and Onolan and their accomplices, to treat and make concord for themselves, their tenants and for the men of others, and to give them provisions and cloth, for the defence of their tenants and others against the invasions of the Irish, provided that they should not give or sell them any victuals, horses or armour in time of war, and that this treat is not to the K[ing]’s prejudice nor that of this faithful people (chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/5-richard-ii/192; accessed 9 March 2021). In c. 1385 James Butler, the 3rd Earl of Ormond built a new castle at Gowran (Carrigan 1903, vol. 3, 400). This castle (KK020-060004-), which no longer survives, appears to have been built on a site close to that occupied by the later house built in 1816 by Viscount Clifden (ibid.). ‘Castle (Site of)’ is indicated on the 1900 revised 6-inch OS map c. 75m NE of the later ‘Gowran Castle’, though curiously is not indicated on the earlier 1839 edition. There is a reference to one Teige OCarroll being imprisoned in Gowran castle in 1399 (ibid.). According to Carrigan (1905, vol. 3, 401) the castle was rebuilt c. 1500 by Margaret FitzGerald, the Countess of Ormond. The Calendar of Ormond Deeds records an inquisition taken at Kilkenny after the death of James Butler, Earl of Ormond in 1546 which describes the manor of Ballygawran (Gowran) as containing, ‘appurtenances [rights pertaining to property], and one castle, thirty messuages [a house with outbuildings and a parcel of land or yard], eighty acres of arable land, four acres of meadow, twenty acres of pasture, with two acres of underwood and two water mills, with appurtenances, in Ballygawran, also 9l. 6s. 8d. chief rent due of the burgesses of said town each year, besides suit of court [obligation to attend and participate in the manorial court]’ (Curtis 1937, vol. 4, 301-02 (361)). A rental account of Gowran in the Calendar of Ormond Deeds, c. 1550, mentions seven town gates in Gowran, including the ‘Castell barr’, which presumably gave access from the SE quadrant of the town southward to the castle (Curtis 1941, vol. 5, 44-7 (25)). On a 1710/11 map of Gowran a lane is depicted at the E end of the town running southward towards the castle and probably lead to the castle gate (White 1710/11). The castle itself is depicted on this map (ibid.). Though probably stylised, it shows a central two storey block with turrets on either end and with other possible turrets or chimneys appearing above the roof of the central block (ibid.). Also depicted on this map is a street, ‘Haggerd Street’ running outside of, and parallel to, the S town wall, between the castle and the SW end of the town (ibid.). A royal grant of lands to George Sherlock in 1597 includes, ‘a messuage and garden in Haggard-street, extending in length from the Haggard Street leading to the castle of the earl of Ormond on the north, and to the lands of the said Earl on the south’ (Carrigan 1905, vol. 3, 401; Curtis 1943, vol. 6, 106 (131)). In 1650, the castle was besieged by Cromwellian forces and, after a short pounding by artillery, was surrendered by Colonel Hammond who, together with his officers, was executed (Carrigan 1905, vol. 3, 402). Cromwell described this as, ‘a very strong castle’ in which there were ‘good store of provisions for the army’ (ibid.). The castle was then set on fire (ibid.). The castle is indicated on the Down Survey (1655-6) barony map of Gowran, County Kilkenny as a stylised tower, annotated, 'Castle of Gowran' on 'Lord Iretons Lands' (Hibernia Regnum, courtesy of Trinity College Dublin). The castle and estate remained in Butler hands until c. 1700 (ibid. 400). It then passed to Lewis Chaigneau, a Dublin merchant who sold it, c. 1710 to James Agar, the son of a Cromwellian solider. According to Moran (1980s, 2) the castle then consisted of ‘a large round tower in the centre and four smaller ones around it’ but following a fire in 1713 the castle was altered, adding, ‘a front two storeys high of nine windows with a pediment in the centre’. In 1815-16 he began building a new house to replace the castle which was falling into disrepair (ibid., 13; Bence-Jones 1988, 144). See attached: KKK020-060004-_01 Extract from Down Survey (1655-6) barony map of Gowran, County Kilkenny (Hibernia Regnum, courtesy of Trinity College Dublin) K020-060004-_02 White, J. 1710/11 A survey of the towne and lands of Gowrane in the County of Kilkenny belonging to Mr Lewis Chaigneau of Dublin merch[an]t made in the presence of Mr David Chaigneau Mr John Bayly Mr John Sandbeach Sam[ue]l Bingham James Quigly and Mr James White the surveyor; and the said lands contain arable pasture and meadow one thousand two hundred ninety seven acres thirty five perches plantation measure over and above all deductions for intermixt lands and common high roads as appeareth by a table of reference hereunto. Surveyed in the month of March 1710/11 by a scale of 20 p[er]chs. Ja: White. NLI MS map 21.F.55 (4). Compiled by: Jean Farrelly Date of upload: 24 March 2021
- KK020-060005 Castle - motte
Description
Following the acquisition of the Kingdom of Leinster by Richard de Clare (Strongbow) in 1172, his followers were rewarded with portions of the kingdom and Gowran went to Theobald fitz Walter, Chief Butler of Ireland (Carrigan 1905, vol. 3, 400). It is likely that a motte and bailey castle (KK020-060005-) was erected in Gowran around this time. Gowran became the principal seat of the Butlers for a short period from the second half of the 14th century, when they lost Nenagh (KK020-037001-), until 1391 when they acquired Kilkenny Castle (KK020-019078-). In c. 1385 James Butler, the 3rd Earl of Ormond built a new castle (KK020-060004-) at Gowran (Carrigan 1903, vol. 3, 400). The precise location of this late 12th/early 13th-century castle is unknown, though it may have been on the site of the later 14th-century castle, which is also no longer visible above ground level. Compiled by: Jean Farrelly Date of upload: 24 March 2021
- KK020-060006 Church
Description
Roughly S of centre of the medieval town of Gowran. According to Carrigan (1905, vol. 3, 400), Theobald fitz Walter, before his death in 1206, ‘granted a charter of incorporation to his free burgesses of Balligaueran [Gowran]. Possibly it was he, too, who appropriated the Rectory, or moiety of the Rectory, of Gowran to the Knights Templars, of the Priory of Kilmainham, who are found in possession of same as early as the year 1254’. According to Gwynn and Hadcock (1988, 329), the Knights Templars had a dispute over the advowson [church benefice] of the chapel of ‘Ballygaveran’ in 1253. In 1312 there was another dispute over, ‘the advowson of the moiety [e.g. a half portion of the church benefice] of the Church of the Blessed Mary of Ballygowrane’, between Edmund Butler, Earl of Carrick and the Dean and Chapter of St Canice’s cathedral, Kilkenny, it was agreed that the later would support, ‘four priests to celebrate Masses in the said Church of the Blessed Mary’ for Edmund Butler and his descendants in perpetuity (Carrigan 1905, vol. 3, 408-09). According to Carrigan (ibid., 409) the collegiate residence for these priests is indicated as “Colledge” on a 1710 map of Gowran and, ‘adjoined the old churchyard of Gowran, on the east, where its foundations are still traceable’. When Edmund Butler died in London in 1321, his body was brought back to Ireland and buried in Gowran church. In 1337 his son James, the 1st Earl of Ormond was also buried in this church, as was the 3rd Earl, also James, in 1404. In 1501 (based on order of Ormond Deeds) the portreeve (mayor) and ‘commons’ of Ballygrowran sent a request to the Earl of Ormond that, 'it wolde pleas youe to send to your chirche of Balygauerane sum ornaments at your pleasir wher with the dywne service in the same mey be augmented unto thonour of god and a perpetual memory of your lordship and of your full noble antecessers thryn buried’ (Curtis 1937, vol. 4, 347 (Appendum 3, 56)). In the Royal Visitation Book of 1615 it was noted that four priests were living together in their collage (Carrigan 1905, vol. 3, 410). The church originally consisted of an aisled nave and chancel separated by a crossing tower. Stalley (1971, 75-80) noted the similarity between the design and execution of Gowran church with St Canice’s Cathedral and St Mary’s church in Thomastown, suggesting that they were built c. 1260 by the same master mason, whom he coined the ‘Gowran master’. He notes other mid-13th century parallels between the main doorway at Gowran, in the N aisle of the nave, with those at Graiguenamanagh and St Canice’s Cathedral (Stalley 1987, 65). The chancel, together with a side chapel and turret, were demolished in 1827 to make way for a C of I church, probably designed by William Robertson (Dolan 2000, vol. 3, 112). In 1872 this church was largely rebuilt by Thomas Henry Wyatt (ibid.). Grose (1791, vol. 1, pl. 46, 47) has a drawing and plan of the church before it was altered. In this the chancel, which is roofed, is lit by three three-light windows in the S wall and one at the E end of the N wall, and by a large five-light window in the E gable. A small single-storey roofless building with S gable is shown projecting from the S wall of the chancel and another building is shown in plan projected from the N wall. A mural stair at the W end of this latter building suggests it was at least two-storeys high. The surviving remains consist of the crossing tower and the aisled nave. The crossing tower was probably heightened in the 15th century. During the rebuilding works of 1872 the vaulting underneath the tower was removed, ‘apparently with the view of giving the same elevation as the choir roof to the portion of the belfry which will form part of the church’ (Dolan 2000, vol. 3, 113). The original arch of the crossing tower is visible in the W face of the W wall of the tower, where it has been blocked up and a 13th-century doorway inserted, into which a modern pointed doorway, accessed via a metal stair, has been inserted. In 1910-11 the Office of Public Works repaired a bad crack in the S face of the tower and stabilised the W gable of the church (OPW report). In 1935 the church was, ‘thoroughly repaired’ and part of the W wall was underpinned (ibid.). At some point in the 19th century a large buttress was built up against the S end of the W face of the W wall of the tower. The nave arcade originally consisted of four arches on the N and S, the S arcade is illustrated in Grose’s (1791, vol. 1, pl. 46) but has since collapsed, leaving only the N arcade upstanding. Its piers are quatrefoil in plan with chamfered arches springing from plain horizontally-moulded capitals. There are four quatrefoil clerestorey windows in the N wall within segmental-pointed rear-arches, similar to those at St Canice’s Cathedral and Bective Abbey, Co. Meath (Stalley 1987, 110). The two central clerestorey windows are blocked up. The arcade wall is topped with stepped battlements. The W gable of the nave is lit by a graded three-light window with trefoil-pointed heads. The rear-arches are moulded and there are hood-mouldings within and without. Internally there are banded shafts surmounted by foliage capitals with carved heads forming the stops. Above this window there is a six-lobed occulus and above that, illuminating the roof space, is a flat-headed single-light window within a pointed embrasure . The aisles are lit by twin-lights at each end. These are trefoil pointed with a quatrefoil above. The eastern examples have inner frames consisting of a central pillar bearing moulded, trefoil-headed arches with a quatrefoil in the central spandrel. It is embellished with many foliage cusps and the subsidiary arches have dog-tooth ornamentation (Stalley 1971, 80). At the E end of the S aisle there is a double piscina, the central pillar of the double trefoil-headed arch is missing, as is the lower stone of the quatrefoil in the central spandrel. Also in the S aisle cinquefoil arches span tomb recesses in the S wall. To the W of the S aisle is the mortuary chapel erected by the Kealy family in the 17th century and contains a wall monument (KK020-060038-) to Piers Kealy and his wife, dated 1648. Grose’s (1791, vol. 1, pl. 46) illustration shows this chapel as a roofless ruin, the E gable of which is built against a two-storey square tower. According to Drennan (1965, 60) the N aisle was divided into four compartments to buttress the N wall of the nave against threatened collapse. In the easternmost compartment a wall monument (KK020-060033-) to James Kealy and his two wives, dated 1626, has been built up against the E wall. The C of I church went out of use c. 1970, at which time the medieval font was moved to the C of I church at Old Leighlin, Co. Carlow (ibid., 114). The former C of I church has since been renovated to house and display an ogham stone (KK020-060007-) many of the graveslabs (KK020-060008-; KK020-060034- to KK020-060037-; KK020-060039- to KK020-060040-; KK020-060042-; KK020-060044- to KK020-060050-; KK020-060052- to KK020-060058-; KK020-060067- to KK020-060068-) and effigial tombs (KK020-060009-; KK020-060032-; KK020-060043-; KK020-060051-; KK020-060062- to KK020-060066-) from the medieval parish church. Some of these are in the nave and other are in the mortuary chapel S of the nave. (National Monument No. 214) See attached photographs: KK020-060006-_01 W gable and S side of nave and crossing tower from SW KK020-060006-_02 N side of church from the NW KK020-060006-_03 Interior of former C of I church on site of former chancel KK020-060006-_04 N side of nave from the NW KK020-060006-_05 W gable of nave interior KK020-060006-_06 E end of S aisle of nave KK020-060006-_07 S wall of S aisle of nave – tomb recesses KK020-060006-_08 S wall of S aisle of nave – piscina and tomb recess KK020-060006-_09 Crossing tower – W face KK020-060006-_10 Clerestorey windows (2 blocked) E end of N arcade of nave KK020-060006-_11 Cross
- KK020-060007 Ogham stone
Description
Found in the foundations of the chancel of the medieval parish church of St Mary's Gowran (KK020-060006-), when the chancel was demolished in 1827 to make way for a C of I church (Brash 1872-3; 437; Dolan 2000, vol. 3, 112). The ogham stone (max H 1.51m; max. Wth 0.43m; D 0.33) bears a 'large cross potent, crookedly set out [and] cut on the original base of the inscribed face . . . Inscription cut, on two edges (up-up) and though chipped in places, on the whole in quite good condition' (Macalister 1945, 38, no. 32). Macalister recorded the inscription as: MAQI-ERAC[I]AS [MA]QI DIMAQ[A] MUC[OI-- and McManus (1997, 66) as: [MAQI]-ERAC[IAS] [MAQI] D[I]M[A]Q[A] MUC[O--. It is currently on display in the former C of I church. See attached photographs: KK020-060007-_02 Front and dexter side KK020-060007-_03 Scanned image of front and dexter side KK020-060007-_04 Front and sinister side Compiled by: Nora White and Jean Farrelly Date of revised upload: 14 August 2019
- KK020-060008 Graveslab
Description
Fixed S of the tower, to the internal W wall of a 19th-century C of I church which was built on the former chancel of the 13th-century church of St Mary’s (KK020-060006-) in Gowran. A limestone graveslab (L 2.35m; Wth 0.89m; T 0.16m) which is decorated with a seven-armed segmental floriated cross in false relief within a recessed panel. There is a three bar knop at the base of the cross-head. The shaft rests on a stepped Calvary mount. There is an illegible inscription, which appears to have been deliberately defaced, along the base and dexter margin of the slab which continues in two lines across the face of the slab below the barred knop with the date 1686 beneath it. Beneath this in English capitals there is a later inscription in three lines across the slab with the date 1696 below this. Carrigan (1905, vol. 3, 404) was unable to read the earlier inscription but transcribed the later one as, ‘CHARLES AGAR BURGES DEPARTED THIS LIFE THE 14TH DAY OF FEBRUARY 1696’. Listed by Cockerham (2009, 363). Compiled by: Jean Farrelly Date of upload: 19 August 2019
- KK020-060009 Tomb - effigial
Description
Centrally placed within a 19th-century C of I church which was built on the former chancel of the 13th-century church of St Mary’s (KK020-060006-) in Gowran. A double effigial limestone tomb (L 2.2m; Wth 1.24m; H 0.91m) with two figures of knights carved in high relief. Rae (1970, 11-12) suggests it was commissioned by Piers Butler (d. 1539) to commemorate his two brothers, Edmond and Theobald, who both died before 1491 or 1501, though other possibilities are also discussed. Piers Butler and his wife Margaret FitzGerald (d. 1542) may have been responsible for commissioning several early 16th-century Butler tombs, commemorating past members of the family, in an effort to bolster the prestige of the MacRichard Butlers in their contested claim to the Earldom of Ormond (Rae 1970, 10; Moss 2014, 502). Hunt (1974, vol. 1, 170) describes the armour in detail. The heads have been cut away. Hunt suggests that this is the result of ‘an ancient repair than of the lack of a sufficient thickness of stone’ (ibid.). A portion of the slab carved with the upper legs of the dexter knight is missing and the surface of the lower portion of this knight’s armour is also missing. The surface of the sinister knight’s lower legs is broken off as is portion of this knight’s dexter leg around the knee. The lower legs and the dogs on which they rest, appear to be carved from a separate slab of limestone. There is a crack across the upper slab running across the head of the dexter knight and the upper body of the sinister knight and another between the two knights. The S side panel (L 2.05m; H 0.74m; D 0.14m) on the sinister side consists of two slabs. The first slab on the left is carved with a coat of arm bearing a simple cross which Hunt (ibid.) suggests is the ‘the shield of St Michael, which treasure the Butlers claimed to hold as an heirloom of the house’. The larger slab is carved with four sequential coats of arms. The first bears the indented Butler coat, the next a cross flanked by a ladder and a whipping post with scourges in the field, the next with a seamless garment with three dice beneath and the last with a crown of thorns flanked by a pole with sponge and a lance. The panel at the foot of the tomb (Wth 1.03m; H 0.75m) is decorated with a crucifixion scene, with Our Lady to the right of the crucified Christ and St John to the left, carved in false relief within a raised border. The N side panel (L 2.16m; H 0.74m) on the dexter side consists of two slabs. The left slab is carved with four sequential coats of arms. The first consists of a plain shield in a circle on a lattice ground, the next a shield bearing a heart pierced by two swords, the next a shield with nails between pinchers and a hammer and then a shield with a lion rampant impaling Butler (Hunt 1974, vol. 1, 170). The rightmost slab is carved with a plain shield in a circle on a lattice ground. The base of this slab has been damaged, with a portion broken out. The panel at the head of the tomb (Wth 1.02m; H 0.74m; D 0.1m) is carved with two identical Butler coats with chiefs indented . The carving is largely on one slab, but it continues onto the edges of both side panels. See attached photographs: KK020-060009-_01 Tomb from above taken from N side KK020-060009-_02 E end panel at foot of tomb KK020-060009-_03 N side panel of tomb KK020-060009-_04 W end panel at head of tomb KK020-060009-_05 S side panel of tomb Compiled by: Jean Farrelly Date of upload: 6 August 2019
- KK020-060010 College
Description
In the SE angle of St Mary’s graveyard (KK020-060024-), c. 30m from the church (KK020-060006-). In 1312 a college was established to compensate Edmund Butler, Earl of Carrick for the loss of any financial entitlement (advowson) from St Mary’s church, which were due to the patron, and which was now being given to the Dean and Chapter of St Canice’s, Kilkenny. The Dean and Chapter agreed to, ‘find, and support at our own expense, four priests to celebrate Masses in the said Church of the Blessed Mary for the said Edmund and Joan, his wife, and sons and daughters; and for all his ancestors and successors, living and dead’ (Carrigan 1905, vol. 3, 409). The college appears to have continued post-Reformation under Protestant chaplains and it is mentioned in the Regal Visitation Book of 1615 (ibid, 409-10). The priests, or chaplains, lived collegiately, in community and their residence is indicated as, ‘Colledge’ on White’s 1710/11 map of Gowran. In the early 20th century the foundations of the college are described as being ‘still traceable’ (Carrigan 1905, vol. 3, 409). Drennan (1965, 58-9) noted that, ‘Traces of this college can still be seen and its back wall was probably strengthened to make the wall of the present Protestant cemetery’. There was no trace of the building when inspected in 1992. See attached copy of White map 1710/11 Compiled by: Jean Farrelly Date of upload: 24 March 2021
And 59 more.
Architectural heritage
No building of the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage stands on this parcel.
Designated sites: National Parks and Wildlife Service. Recorded monuments: Sites and Monuments Record, National Monuments Service. Buildings: National Inventory of Architectural Heritage. Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, CC BY 4.0. Works at or in relation to a recorded monument need two months' written notice to the National Monuments Service (National Monuments (Amendment) Act 1994, section 12).
Ground and risks
- Radon
- At the centre of this parcel, about 1 in 5 homes in this area is likely to have high radon levels. Testing a home
- Landslides
- The 1:50,000 map rates the landslide susceptibility here as low.
- Terrain model
- No LiDAR survey of the Office of Public Works covers the centre of this parcel.
- Flooding
- The Office of Public Works publishes its flood maps on floodinfo.ie.
Radon Risk Map of Ireland, Environmental Protection Agency, and Landslide Susceptibility Classification, Geological Survey Ireland, both under CC BY 4.0. LiDAR: contains Irish Public Sector Data (Geological Survey Ireland & the Office of Public Works) licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence.
Download this parcel as DXF, in Irish Transverse Mercator metres, with its neighbours and buildings, for a drawing program. GeoJSON, in WGS 84, suits a map, and KML opens in Google Earth.
Registered freehold land, Tailte Éireann, CC BY 4.0. A parcel is the land of a title, not an address. The owner's name is in the Land Registry of Tailte Éireann: a copy of the folio can be ordered on landdirect.ie, for a fee.
- Area
- 381.9 ha
- 944 acres
- Land parcels
- 98
- registered freehold, median 3,678 m² (0.37 ha, 0.91 acres)
- Zoning
- —
- not in a zoned settlement
- Planning
- 29
- applications since 2010
Land parcels
Registered freehold land, Tailte Éireann
98 registered freehold parcels lie mostly in Gowran Demesne, from 24 m² to 231,357 m² (23.14 ha, 57.17 acres). The dashed line is the townland's boundary. 47 neighbouring parcels touch it.
Download the townland as DXF, in Irish Transverse Mercator metres, with its boundary, parcels and buildings, or as GeoJSON or KML.
Zoning
Development plans, national zoning
No zone of a development plan covers Gowran Demesne in the national zoning. Outside zoned towns and villages, the county development plan's rural policies apply to each application.
Source: Tailte Éireann and the Department of Housing (MyPlan), national zoning, CC BY 4.0.
Planning applications
Sites that touch the townland, newest first
7 Jul 2026Conditional
I, Mr. Tim Brennan seek permission within the grounds of protected structure ref C344 Gowran Castle for construction of a covered sand arena, rain-water harvesting tank, storm-water soakaways and all associated site works including the upgrading of our existing agricultural entrance located on the Mill Road, Gowran, L6718-10 which serves the proposed site at the Demesne, Gowran, Co. Kilkenny.
Permission · Kilkenny County Council, 2652
16 Mar 2026N/a
for development works for 6no private dwelling house sites, access roadways, footpaths, connection to public water supply and public foul sewerage services and all associated site development works.
Permission · Kilkenny County Council, 2660149
13 Mar 2026N/a
for Construction of a Covered Sand Arena, Rain-water Harvesting Tank, Storm-water Soakaways and All Associated Site works
Permission · Kilkenny County Council, 2626
29 Sept 2025Conditional
for the construction of a new Padel Centre of excellence which shall include indoor Padel Courts and all associated indoor facilities including refreshment areas, breakout spaces, changing facilities, reception area at ground floor level. For the construction of one external Padel court. The development will be accessed via the existing entrance to north of racecourse and golf course and will include the construction of a new parking facilities to serve the development and for the construction of a new storm water drainage system in compliance with SUDS directives, for connection to the existing on-site foul sewer network and public watermain and for all associated site development works
Permission · Kilkenny County Council, 2560628
25 Sept 2025N/a
for the construction of a new Padel Centre of excellence which shall include indoor Padel Courts and all associated indoor facilities including refreshment areas, breakout spaces, changing facilities, reception area at ground floor level. For the construction of one external Padel court. The development will be accessed via the existing entrance to north of racecourse and golf course and will include the construction of a new parking facilities to serve the development and for the construction of a new storm water drainage system in compliance with SUDS directives, for connection to the existing on-site foul sewer network and public watermain and for all associated site development works
Permission · Kilkenny County Council, 2560620
10 Jun 2025Conditional
to extend the existing commercial storage yard for the storage of raw and bailed farm plastic over the existing concrete surface on site (change of use from agricultural yard to commercial storage yard) and the erection of a 5.4m high green mesh fence to front boundary and all associated site works
Permission · Kilkenny County Council, 2560334
8 Apr 2025N/a
to extend the existing storage yard over the existing concrete surface on site and the erection of 5.4m high green mesh fence to front elevation and all associated site works
Permission · Kilkenny County Council, 2560185
9 Dec 2024Conditional
for development to consist of works to the existing two-storey residential dwelling as follows: 1) the construction of a single-storey extension to the side (north facing) elevation, including carport; and 2) the construction of a single-storey extension to the side (south facing) elevation. Other works as part of the development include alterations to all elevations, rooflights, and all associated site development works
Permission · Kilkenny County Council, 2460614
29 Nov 2024N/a
for the Redesign & Relocation onsite of Equestrian Indoor Arena Building originally granted under PL 13/360 and all associated site works
Permission · Kilkenny County Council, 24142
16 Sept 2024Conditional
for the construction of a domestic style garage for the ancillary use of the existing dwelling including the extension of the existing driveway; soakaway; solar panels; landscaping; and all associated site development works to facilitate the development.
Permission · Kilkenny County Council, 2460440
21 Aug 2024Conditional
for indefinite retention of conversion of attached domestic garage and attic space to lounge / games room and first floor home office plus retention of existing roof windows
Retention · Kilkenny County Council, 2460403
25 Jun 2024Refused
to 1) relocate the existing business to the opposite side of the road and decommission the existing activity and business in its current location. 2) relocate the existing weigh bridge and prefabricated building 3) new entrance with 2.2m high walls and electric gates 4) new earth mound with landscaping 5) proposed 5m high wire mesh fence around perimeter of proposed site 6) site office with treatment plant and percolation area 7) proposed yard which will be a mixture of concrete and hard standing area with underground storage tank, petrol oil inceptor and soakaway 8) relocate all machinery associated with the storage of agricultural plastic wrap 9) Proposed shredder for timber waste 10) permission for existing business site to revert back to agricultural use incorporated into the existing farm complex and all associated site works
Permission · Kilkenny County Council, 2460295
9 Apr 2024Conditional
Permission for extension constructed to side of dwelling including entrance lobby, kitchen, living room and ancillary works and bedrooms and ensuite on the first floor and permission for utility room on the ground floor and ensuite on the first floor of existing
Retention · Kilkenny County Council, 2460166
6 Dec 2023Conditional
for layout alterations to existing first floor bar area to include extension of the internal area into an existing covered terrace area, the provision of weather covering to the remaining terrace area, and all associated building elevation alterations
Permission · Kilkenny County Council, 2360563
13 Sept 2022Conditional
for alterations to the previously permitted weigh room building (Planning Reference 21/385) to include an increase in floor area from 691 sqm to 757 sqm with all associated building elevation alterations
Permission · Kilkenny County Council, 22606
8 Jul 2022Conditional
for the existing entrance walls, gate and driveway with all associated site works
Retention, 1 home · Kilkenny County Council, 22447
7 Oct 2021Conditional
for 3 No. prefabricated structures containing a total of 19 No. stables and all associated site development works
Retention · Kilkenny County Council, 21845
6 May 2021Conditional
for the following works: - Demolition of existing 308 sqm single storey weigh room; - Construction of 691 sqm two storey replacement weigh room; - all associated site development works
Permission · Kilkenny County Council, 21385
22 Dec 2020Conditional
for development of a slatted cattle shed, concrete apron and associated site works
Permission · Kilkenny County Council, 20912
1 Dec 2020Conditional
to construct a new dwelling garage treatment system and percolation area and all associated site works
Permission, 1 home · Kilkenny County Council, 20830
23 Jun 2020Refused
to extend existing storage yard to opposite side of road for the storage of agricultural plastic e.g. silage wrap etc. before collection and disposal. The works consist of a concrete yard with effluent storage tank and all associated site works
Permission · Kilkenny County Council, 20385
7 Jun 2019Conditional
to construct a single-storey dwelling, detached garage, with treatment system / percolation area, and all associated site works
Permission, 1 home · Kilkenny County Council, 19401
1 Feb 2019Conditional
for development. The proposed development will consist of the construction of a detached, single-storey dwelling; the construction of an associated garage; the provision of a new driveway, using an adapted existing agricultural entrance; and the provision of all other associated site excavation, infrastructural and site development works above and below ground, including waste water treatment system and percolation area.
Permission, 1 home · Kilkenny County Council, 1945
19 Dec 2018Conditional
is sought for the following development: 1. Erection of two single storey extensions to the north and south elevation of the existing dwelling. Comprising of a sun/family room to the South Elevation, and gym, shower room, store and covered car port to the North elevation with associated internal modifications. 2. Erection of a front entrance canopy and associated columns to the existing dwelling with modifications to the existing front door. 3. Erection of 40 sq metres of ground mounted photovoltaic Solar Panels to the curtilage of the dwelling and all associated site works
Permission · Kilkenny County Council, 18834
24 Apr 2018Conditional
for development at this site situated at Mill House, a protected structure (Ref D110). The development will consist of demolition of existing single storey extension to side and gable wall of derelict shed to rear and the construction of a single storey and two storey extension to the side, elevational changes, and all associated site works
Permission · Kilkenny County Council, 18258
The 25 most recent of 29 applications.
Source: National Planning Applications, Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, CC BY 4.0. Applicants are not shown.
Nature and heritage
Designated sites and recorded monuments
Designated sites
No designated site (Special Area of Conservation, Special Protection Area, Natural Heritage Area or proposed one) touches the townland of Gowran Demesne.
Recorded monuments
- KK020-060004 Castle - unclassified
Description
Located c. 60m S of the medieval town of Gowran. The site of the castle is marked on the 1900 revision of the OS 6-inch map, c. 60m NE of Gowran House, and was visible in 1992 as, ‘an overgrown mound, with evidence of masonry and rising to c. 1.5m above the surrounding ground level’ (Farrelly et al. 1992, 143). This mound has been removed and the E half is now incorporated in a farmyard where the ground level has been significantly reduced (McLoughlin 2007, 18). An archaeological excavation (06E0237) in 2006 in the W portion of the former mound, prior to a proposed development, revealed very large stones as well as red brick and mortar (ibid.). Following the acquisition of the Kingdom of Leinster by Richard de Clare (Strongbow) in 1172, his followers were rewarded with portions of the kingdom and Gowran went to Theobald fitz Walter, Chief Butler of Ireland (Carrigan 1905, vol. 3, 400). It is likely that a motte and bailey castle (KK020-060005-) was erected in Gowran around this time. Gowran became the principal seat of the Butlers for a short period from the second half of the 14th century, when they lost Nenagh (KK020-037001-), until 1391 when they acquired Kilkenny Castle (KK020-019078-). In the 14th century Gowran was very much a frontier town, as is emphasised in a document of 1382 which gives, ‘licence to Thomas Derkyn and Walter Cantell, who are staying in the marches of Ballygarveran on the frontier of the Irish enemies, viz. McMurgh and Onolan and their accomplices, to treat and make concord for themselves, their tenants and for the men of others, and to give them provisions and cloth, for the defence of their tenants and others against the invasions of the Irish, provided that they should not give or sell them any victuals, horses or armour in time of war, and that this treat is not to the K[ing]’s prejudice nor that of this faithful people (chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/5-richard-ii/192; accessed 9 March 2021). In c. 1385 James Butler, the 3rd Earl of Ormond built a new castle at Gowran (Carrigan 1903, vol. 3, 400). This castle (KK020-060004-), which no longer survives, appears to have been built on a site close to that occupied by the later house built in 1816 by Viscount Clifden (ibid.). ‘Castle (Site of)’ is indicated on the 1900 revised 6-inch OS map c. 75m NE of the later ‘Gowran Castle’, though curiously is not indicated on the earlier 1839 edition. There is a reference to one Teige OCarroll being imprisoned in Gowran castle in 1399 (ibid.). According to Carrigan (1905, vol. 3, 401) the castle was rebuilt c. 1500 by Margaret FitzGerald, the Countess of Ormond. The Calendar of Ormond Deeds records an inquisition taken at Kilkenny after the death of James Butler, Earl of Ormond in 1546 which describes the manor of Ballygawran (Gowran) as containing, ‘appurtenances [rights pertaining to property], and one castle, thirty messuages [a house with outbuildings and a parcel of land or yard], eighty acres of arable land, four acres of meadow, twenty acres of pasture, with two acres of underwood and two water mills, with appurtenances, in Ballygawran, also 9l. 6s. 8d. chief rent due of the burgesses of said town each year, besides suit of court [obligation to attend and participate in the manorial court]’ (Curtis 1937, vol. 4, 301-02 (361)). A rental account of Gowran in the Calendar of Ormond Deeds, c. 1550, mentions seven town gates in Gowran, including the ‘Castell barr’, which presumably gave access from the SE quadrant of the town southward to the castle (Curtis 1941, vol. 5, 44-7 (25)). On a 1710/11 map of Gowran a lane is depicted at the E end of the town running southward towards the castle and probably lead to the castle gate (White 1710/11). The castle itself is depicted on this map (ibid.). Though probably stylised, it shows a central two storey block with turrets on either end and with other possible turrets or chimneys appearing above the roof of the central block (ibid.). Also depicted on this map is a street, ‘Haggerd Street’ running outside of, and parallel to, the S town wall, between the castle and the SW end of the town (ibid.). A royal grant of lands to George Sherlock in 1597 includes, ‘a messuage and garden in Haggard-street, extending in length from the Haggard Street leading to the castle of the earl of Ormond on the north, and to the lands of the said Earl on the south’ (Carrigan 1905, vol. 3, 401; Curtis 1943, vol. 6, 106 (131)). In 1650, the castle was besieged by Cromwellian forces and, after a short pounding by artillery, was surrendered by Colonel Hammond who, together with his officers, was executed (Carrigan 1905, vol. 3, 402). Cromwell described this as, ‘a very strong castle’ in which there were ‘good store of provisions for the army’ (ibid.). The castle was then set on fire (ibid.). The castle is indicated on the Down Survey (1655-6) barony map of Gowran, County Kilkenny as a stylised tower, annotated, 'Castle of Gowran' on 'Lord Iretons Lands' (Hibernia Regnum, courtesy of Trinity College Dublin). The castle and estate remained in Butler hands until c. 1700 (ibid. 400). It then passed to Lewis Chaigneau, a Dublin merchant who sold it, c. 1710 to James Agar, the son of a Cromwellian solider. According to Moran (1980s, 2) the castle then consisted of ‘a large round tower in the centre and four smaller ones around it’ but following a fire in 1713 the castle was altered, adding, ‘a front two storeys high of nine windows with a pediment in the centre’. In 1815-16 he began building a new house to replace the castle which was falling into disrepair (ibid., 13; Bence-Jones 1988, 144). See attached: KKK020-060004-_01 Extract from Down Survey (1655-6) barony map of Gowran, County Kilkenny (Hibernia Regnum, courtesy of Trinity College Dublin) K020-060004-_02 White, J. 1710/11 A survey of the towne and lands of Gowrane in the County of Kilkenny belonging to Mr Lewis Chaigneau of Dublin merch[an]t made in the presence of Mr David Chaigneau Mr John Bayly Mr John Sandbeach Sam[ue]l Bingham James Quigly and Mr James White the surveyor; and the said lands contain arable pasture and meadow one thousand two hundred ninety seven acres thirty five perches plantation measure over and above all deductions for intermixt lands and common high roads as appeareth by a table of reference hereunto. Surveyed in the month of March 1710/11 by a scale of 20 p[er]chs. Ja: White. NLI MS map 21.F.55 (4). Compiled by: Jean Farrelly Date of upload: 24 March 2021
- KK020-060005 Castle - motte
Description
Following the acquisition of the Kingdom of Leinster by Richard de Clare (Strongbow) in 1172, his followers were rewarded with portions of the kingdom and Gowran went to Theobald fitz Walter, Chief Butler of Ireland (Carrigan 1905, vol. 3, 400). It is likely that a motte and bailey castle (KK020-060005-) was erected in Gowran around this time. Gowran became the principal seat of the Butlers for a short period from the second half of the 14th century, when they lost Nenagh (KK020-037001-), until 1391 when they acquired Kilkenny Castle (KK020-019078-). In c. 1385 James Butler, the 3rd Earl of Ormond built a new castle (KK020-060004-) at Gowran (Carrigan 1903, vol. 3, 400). The precise location of this late 12th/early 13th-century castle is unknown, though it may have been on the site of the later 14th-century castle, which is also no longer visible above ground level. Compiled by: Jean Farrelly Date of upload: 24 March 2021
- KK020-060018 House - 17th century
Description
At the E end of Gowran, on the S side of the Main Street. A house on the E side of ‘the lane’ leading to Gowran Castle is indicated on White’s map of 1710/11. Though the map is early 18th century in date, it is likely that the building, which no longer survives above ground, dated to, at least, the 17th century. It appears to have been located between the present 19th-century gate lodge and the court house. See attached: KK020-060018-_01 White's 1710/11 map with building highlighted. Compiled by: Jean Farrelly Date of upload: 25 March 2021
- KK020-060022 Maltings
Description
At the E end of Gowran, on the S side of Main Street. A building annotated, ‘Malt House’ is indicated at this location on White’s map of Gowran, 1710/11. Though the map is early 18th century in date, it is likely that the malt house, which no longer survives above ground, dated to, at least, the 17th century. The malt house appears to have been situated roughly where the 19th-century gate lodge at the main entrance to Gowran Castle is located. See attached: KK020-060022-_01 White's map of Gowran 1710/11 with malt house highlighted. Compiled by: Jean Farrelly Date of upload: 26 March 2021
- KK020-060029 Cross - Market cross
Description
A 1710/11 map the town showing a cross towards the E end of the main street, suggests that the original market place was located in this area, S of the main street and probably infilled where a 'Malt House' (KK020-060018-) is indicated on the map (White 1710/11). According to Drennan (1965, 58) this area was locally called the 'Bull Ring'. There is a triangular fair green at the W end of the town which Thomas (1992, vol. 2, 115) suggests may have originally been outside the town but which was incorporated as a result of an expansion westward. The cross indicated on the White map was probably the market cross and this appears to have subsequently moved (see KK020-060002-) to the fair green which effectively became the market place. Local tradition relates that, ‘the Cromwellians broke the cross down and that the pieces were scattered on the green’ (Drennan 1965, 58). See attached: KK020-060029-_01 White’s 1710/11 map of Gowran with the market cross highlighted. Compiled by: Jean Farrelly Date of upload: 26 March 2021
- KK020-061001 Castle - tower house
Description
On level ground within Gowran Demesne and c. 400m SSW of the medieval town of Gowran (KK020-060----). The tower house is named Ballyshanemore and Birthistle (1997, 35) suggests that it may have been named after John (in Irish Seán), the sixth Earl of Ormond, who died c. 1477. However, Manning (2006, 71-2), promotes Shane More [mac] Elliot, who is mentioned in a number of Ormond documents from 1432 to 1443 relating to Gowran, as being the more likely candidate. According to Manning (ibid. 72-3), ‘Shane Mór was not the constable of the castle of Gowran, who was listed separately in 1443, but appears to have been an important and trusted tenant and servant of the White Earl in his management of the demesne of the manor. In such a key position he may have been encouraged to develop the settlement, to which he gave his name, and possibly even build the tower house, which could have served as part of the outer defences of Gowran, commanding an important roadway from the south’. Manning (ibid. 73) also suggests that Castle Ellis townland, immediately W of Gowran, could have also derive its name from Shane Mór’s family. A four-storey tower house (ext. dims. without base-batter 10m N-S; 8.3m E-W; wall T 1.5m) with a mural chamber along the N wall at parapet level. It is built of roughly coursed limestone rubble with cut quoins and has a high, gradually tapering base-batter (H c. 2.5m; Wth c. 0.2m). The coping stones of the steep-pitched roof are visible on the S face of the mural chamber at parapet level, as are projecting steps to the W of the roof, which gave access to a look-out platform above the chamber. This is probably the feature at the top of the castle known locally as the ‘leaba chaol’ (the narrow bed) (Carrigan 1905, vol. 3, 410). The entrance is through a pointed doorway at the N end of the E wall, within a rectangular recess in the base-batter. The recess accommodated an iron grill or yett. A detailed annotated drawing of the entrance by the Rev. James Graves, dated 1852, records the sockets for the hanging irons to hold the yett in the S jamb, with a spud-hole at the base, and a bolt hole in the N jamb (Manning 2006, 75-6, fig. 4). The entrance lobby is protected overhead by a murder-hole. Opposite the entrance doorway there is a pointed doorway to the ground-floor chamber and on the S side of the entrance lobby there is a pointed doorway leading directly to a mural stair which rises in the E wall. The ground floor is lit by four double-splayed loops, one at the S end of the E wall, one roughly centrally placed in the S wall and two in the W wall. There are two wall-cupboards in the SW angle, one at the end of the S wall and the other at the end of the W wall. There is a large round-arched recess (D 1m) at the W end of the N wall. The first floor is entered from a lobby at the top of the mural stair at the S end of the E wall, which is protected overhead by a murder-hole. The chamber is lit by two loops, one towards the E end of the N wall and one W of center in the S wall and there is a wall-cupboard at the S end of the W wall. The mural stair, which is lit by simple narrow loops, turns in the SE angle and continues to rise to roughly mid-way along the S wall. The entrance lobby, which is lit by a loop with slop-stone in the S wall, is again protected overhead by a murder-hole. The second-floor chamber is accessed via a pointed doorway. The second floor rests on a well-preserved stone vault which covers the floor below. There are window seats within the window embrasures. It is lit by a two-light window at the N end of the W wall, the center of the window and mullion are missing but it appears to have been ogee-headed with decorated spandrels. Externally this window is recessed within a chamfered surround, with a hood-moulding with a drop label which tapers to a point. There is a single-light window in the N wall and two single-light windows in the E wall, one either side of a fireplace. Both of the window embrasures in the E wall contain openings to the murder-holes at ground and first-floor level. The fireplace had a sloping canopy which rested on seven joggled voussoirs, now largely missing but depicted in a drawing of 1813 (ibid. 74, 76, fig. 3). The voussoirs were held in place by curving supports embedded in the wall and the jambs are carried on either side by an inverted pyramidal corbel. The chimney flue projects externally and is carried on two corbels, though the chimney itself does not survive. There are three wall-cupboards, one at the N end of the W wall, one towards the E end of the N wall and one at the E end of the S wall. A flat-headed doorway in the S portion of the E wall gives access to a small lobby with a garderobe chamber to the S and a mural stair which rises in the E wall to the N, lit near the bottom of the stair by a loop with slop-stone base. The garderobe is lit by a small loop and the garderobe chute exits lower in the S wall. The third floor, which was carried on a timber floor, now gone, was entered from the mural stair at the N end of the W wall, lit by a loop oppose the doorway. It is lit by four windows, that in the N wall being the most elaborate and consisting of four lights, two over two, ogee-headed with hollow spandrels, all within an external recess with a hood-moulding with drop labels. The lower mullion is missing. There is a single-light ogee-headed window at the S end of the E wall, a two-light ogee-headed window roughly centrally placed in the S wall and a two-light step-headed window towards the S end of the W wall. There is no fireplace at this level. There is a wall-cupboard towards the N end of the E wall and another towards the W end of the S wall, the later containing the opening to the second-floor murder-hole. The mural stair turns in the NW angle and rises to the mural chamber at parapet level along the N wall. Within this chamber a flat-headed doorway gives access to the roof space of the tower house and roughly opposite this there is an unusual double cruciform loop with rounded terminals. At the E end of the chamber there is a cruciform loop with square terminals, with a rectangular opening at the base. A flat-headed doorway at the E end of the S wall gives access onto the parapet. At parapet level there was a machicolation protecting the ground-floor entrance but only the two corbel supports survive. Similarly only two corbel supports survive of the machicolation at the W end of the S wall which protected the garderobe exit. Most of the parapet does not survive, only a string-course along the base and some lower courses along the S wall. See attached photographs: KK020-061001-_01 Exterior S face, 7 July 1992 KK020-061001-_02 Exterior S and E face, 7 July 1992 KK020-061001-_03 Exterior Upper N face, 7 July 1992 KK020-061001-_04 Exterior N face – 3rd floor two over two ogee-headed window, 7 July 1992 KK020-061001-_05 Exterior – 3rd floor two-light step-headed window, 7 July 1992 KK020-061001-_06 Interior – 3rd floor two-light step-headed window within embrasure, 7 July 1992 KK020-061001-_07 Exterior – 2nd floor two-light ogee-headed window, 7 July 1992 KK020-061001-_08 Interior – 2nd floor canopy fireplace, 7 July 1992 Compiled by: Jean Farrelly Date of upload: 1 March 2021
- KK020-061002 Bawn
Description
On flat level ground. Identified as a cropmark of a fosse c. 55m N and c. 50m E of a tower house (KK020-060001-) on an aerial photograph (CUCAP AYK080, 9 July 1969). The cropmark appears to form the N and E side (L c. 70m) of a bawn associated with the tower house. A road runs NE-SW along the W side of the tower house and a field boundary runs NW-SE S of the tower house running southeastward. There is no indication of the cropmark in the field W of the road and S of the field boundary, probably due to different crops in these fields. See attached aerial photographs: KK020-060002-_01 Google Earth image (imagery date 14 July 2018) KK020-060002-_02 CUCAP AYK080, 9 July 1969 Compiled by: Jean Farrelly Date of upload: 1 March 2021
- KK020-061003 Road - road/trackway
Description
On flat level ground within Gowran demesne. Identified as a cropmark on an aerial photograph (CUCAP AYK080, 9 July 1969). Listed as ‘enclosure site’ in the SMR (1987) and RMP (1996). The cropmark is of a fosse running roughly N-S E of a tower house (KK020-060001-) and c. 20m E of a bawn also visible on this aerial photograph. The feature appears to continue N and disappears into the vegetation on the banks of a stream, c. 130m N of the bawn. It is possible that this is an old stream course. A faint cropmark also runs parallel with the feature, c. 6m to the W, for c. 80m E of the bawn and may indicate a trackway following the course of the stream. See attached aerial photographs: KK020-060003-_01 Google Earth image (imagery date 14 July 2018) KK020-060003-_02 CUCAP AYK080, 9 July 1969 Compiled by: Jean Farrelly Date of upload: 1 March 2021
- KK020-061004 Field system
Description
On flat level ground within Gowran demesne. A number of linear cropmarks are visible on an aerial photograph (CUCAP AYK080, 9 July 1969) in a field running eastward from a tower house (KK020-060001-) and bawn (KK020-060002-). The cropmarks, running roughly NE-SW, appear to predate the 1st (1839) ed. OS 6-inch map and relate to an earlier field pattern. See attached aerial photographs: KK020-060003-_01 CUCAP AYK080, 9 July 1969 Compiled by: Jean Farrelly Date of upload: 1 March 2021
- KK020-121 Water mill - unclassified
Description
On a mill race constructed S of and, roughly parallel to, a tributary which flows into the River Barrow c. 5km to the E. A late medieval mill or mills was possibly located at or in the vicinity of the watermill indicated on the 1st (1839) OS 6-inch map as, ‘Gowran Flour Mill’ which lies c. 100m S of Gowran town, accessed from a road running S from the fair green, and c. 500m SW of the medieval castle of Gowran (KK020-060004-). A document in the Calendar of Ormond Deeds, dated 1594, relates to the 'customs and duties that said commons [townsfolk] were bound to do to the Earl's mills of Gawran [Gowran]', which included, 'to bring all the timber and other necessaries for the reparation of said mills, adding that by this time the commons of Gawran gave carriage for bringing of 'cogges and spindels' to said mills' (Curtis 1943, vol. 6, 126-7). Furthermore, 'Dermot O'Morgho of Gawran, miller, deposeth that the commons of Gawran, of the town of Johnmore and of the Haggard street from time to time have brought timber and all other stuff for reparation of the Earl's mills of Gawren, except straw and scolps. He hath been a miller in said mills these 40 years' (ibid. 127). A royal grant, dated 1597, mentions, ‘a garden within the burgage or franchises of Balligawran by the way leading to the New Mill of the Earl of Ormond’ (Carrigan 1905, vol. 3, 401). According to Drennan (1965, 58), ‘Fr. Healy, refers to the “Lords new Myll” as being on the coach road to Waterford and says, “across the river was old brewery [KK020-060020-] of much earlier date”’. Compiled by: Jean Farrelly Date of upload: 29 March 2021
- KK021-030 Enclosure
Description
Indicated on the 1st (1839) ed. OS 6-inch map as a small circular enclosure (diam. c. 17m) located in a woodland plantation in Gowran demesne, with buildings located immediately to the S-SE and E. It is not indicated on the 1900 revision, however, satellite imagery indicates that while the surrounding woodland has been largely cleared, the area where the enclosure is located is still covered by trees and scrub, which suggests the monument survives above ground and has been deliberately avoided. Compiled by: Jean Farrelly Date of upload: 21 April 2021
Architectural heritage
- Gowran Castle, gate lodge, 1867–1885 · Regional interest
Description
Detached two-bay single-storey part double-pile gate lodge, extant 1900, on an L-shaped plan; two-bay single-storey parallel block with single-bay (single-bay deep) single-storey return (east). Now disused. Pitched slate roof on a T-shaped plan off-centred on pitched (gabled) slate roof; pitched slate roof on an L-shaped plan (east), roll moulded clay ridge tiles, limestone ashlar chimney stack on axis with ridge having cut-granite stringcourse below cut-granite chamfered capping, timber bargeboards to gables on timber purlins, and remains of cast-iron rainwater goods on exposed timber rafters retaining cast-iron downpipes. Part creeper- or ivy-covered coursed or snecked limestone walls on drag edged tooled cut-limestone chamfered plinth with drag edged tooled cut-granite flush quoins to corners. Square-headed central door opening with drag edged tooled cut-limestone step threshold, and cut-granite surround having chamfered reveals framing glazed timber panelled door. Square-headed window openings with cut-granite chamfered flush sills, and cut-granite block-and-start surrounds having chamfered reveals with fittings now boarded up. Set back from line of street at entrance to grounds of Gowran Castle.
- Gowran Castle, gates/railings/walls, 1867–1885 · Regional interest
Description
Gateway, extant 1900, on a symmetrical plan comprising pair of drag edged limestone ashlar octagonal piers on cut-limestone chamfered plinths having polygonal capping supporting arrow head-detailed wrought iron double gates with drag edged limestone ashlar octagonal outer piers on cut-limestone chamfered plinths having polygonal capping supporting arrow head-detailed wrought iron railings. Now disused. Street fronted at entrance to grounds of Gowran Castle.
- Gowran Castle, country house, 1815–1820 · Regional interest
Description
Detached seven-bay (three-bay deep) two-storey over part raised basement country house, rebuilt 1816-9; dated 1818, on a rectangular plan centred on three-bay full-height pedimented breakfront with (single-storey) prostyle tetrastyle Doric portico to ground floor; five-bay full-height rear (south) elevation centred on three-bay full-height pedimented breakfront. Leased, 1901. Vacant, 1911. Sold, 1955. Resold, 1998. Disused, 2004. Hipped slate roof on a quadrangular plan behind parapet centred on pitched (gabled) slate roofs, clay ridge tiles, paired limestone ashlar central chimney stacks having stringcourses below capping supporting terracotta or yellow terracotta tapered pots, and concealed rainwater goods. Drag edged rusticated limestone ashlar walls (ground floor) on cut-limestone ogee cushion course on drag edged rusticated limestone ashlar base with drag edged tooled cut-limestone flush quoins to corners supporting cut-limestone stringcourse; rendered surface finish (first floor) with cut-limestone cornice on blind frieze below parapet centred on pediment (breakfront); drag edged rusticated limestone ashlar wall (south) on cut-limestone ogee cushion course on drag edged rusticated limestone ashlar base with drag edged tooled cut-limestone flush quoins to corners supporting cut-limestone stringcourse; rendered surface finish (first floor) with paired Ionic pilasters (breakfront) centred on Ionic pilasters supporting dentilated cornice on blind frieze on entablature. Round-headed central door opening in (single-storey) prostyle tetrastyle Doric portico approached by flight of five lichen-spotted cut-limestone steps with dragged cut-limestone columns on padstones supporting dentilated cornice on rosette-detailed "triglyph" frieze on entablature, and moulded surround centred on keystone framing timber panelled double doors having overlight. Square-headed flanking window openings with cut-limestone sills, and moulded surrounds framing one-over-one timber sash windows. Square-headed door opening into country house with egg-and-dart-detailed cut-limestone framing glazed timber panelled double doors. Square-headed window openings (ground floor) with cut-limestone sills, and rusticated limestone ashlar voussoirs framing six-over-six timber sash windows without horns. Square-headed window openings (first floor) with cut-limestone sills, and concealed dressings framing three-over-six timber sash windows without horns. Pair of square-headed central openings in segmental-headed recesses (south) centred on square-headed niche with concealed dressings framing timber fittings. Square-headed window openings centred on square-headed blind opening (first floor) with cut-limestone sills, and cut-limestone surrounds framing three-over-six timber sash windows without horns. Square-headed window openings in segmental-headed shallow recesses (ground floor) with cut-limestone sills, and concealed dressings framing one-over-one timber sash windows. Square-headed window openings (first floor) with cut-limestone sills, and cut-limestone surrounds with dentilated hood mouldings on blind friezes framing three-over-six timber sash windows without horns. Set in unkempt landscaped grounds.
- Gowran Castle, stables, 1815–1839 · Regional interest
Description
Detached ten-bay two-storey stable outbuilding with half-attic, extant 1839, on an L-shaped plan originally eight-bay two-storey with single-bay two-storey projecting end bay. Hipped slate roof on an L-shaped plan with clay ridge tiles, limestone ashlar chimney stacks having "Cavetto"-detailed beaded stringcourses below capping, and cast-iron rainwater goods on cut-limestone eaves retaining cast-iron downpipes. Part creeper- or ivy-covered rendered rubble limestone walls with concealed flush quoins to corners. Square-headed door openings in shallow camber-headed recesses with concealed voussoirs framing timber boarded half-doors having lattice overlights. Square-headed flanking window openings in shallow camber-headed recesses with cut-limestone sills, and concealed voussoirs framing louvered timber fittings. Square-headed window openings (first floor) with cut-limestone shallow sills, and concealed voussoirs framing remains of timber boarded fittings. Set in unkempt grounds shared with Gowran Castle.
- Mill House, miller's house, 1815–1835 · Regional interest
Description
Flour mill complex, c.1825, comprising:(i) Detached three-bay two-storey mill owner's house with five-bay two-storey return to south. Extensively renovated. Now in private residential use. Pitched roofs with replacement slate, clay ridge tiles, rendered chimney stacks, and iron rainwater goods on rendered eaves. Unpainted replacement rendered walls. Square-headed window openings with stone sills, replacement one-over-one timber sash windows having margins, and replacement timber casement windows to return. Tudor-headed door opening with cut-stone step, carved cut-stone surround having hood moulding over, and glazed timber panelled double doors having overlight. Square-headed door opening to return with cut-granite block-and-start surround, and glazed timber panelled door. Set back from road in own grounds with gravel forecourt.(ii) Attached five-bay single-storey outbuilding to south originally detached. Now derelict. Pitched slate roof with clay ridge tiles, and no rainwater goods. Random rubble stone walls. Square-headed window openings (some slit-style) with dressed stone sills, lintels, and remains of timber fittings. Square-headed door openings with timber lintels, and timber boarded doors.(iii) Detached four-bay double-height barrel-roofed outbuilding, c.1925, to south-east. Barrel-vaulted roof with painted corrugated-iron, and no rainwater goods. Unpainted roughcast walls over random rubble stone construction. Square-headed slit-style window openings with fittings not visible. Square-headed door opening with timber door.(iv) Attached three-bay single-storey outbuilding originally detached. Pitched slate roof with clay ridge tiles, and no rainwater goods. Random rubble stone walls with remains of unpainted roughcast over. Square-headed window opening with no sill, timber lintel, and remains of timber fitting. Square-headed door openings with timber lintels, and timber boarded doors.(v) Detached three-bay two-storey rubble stone mill building to east. In use as Corn Mill and Saw Mill, 1902. Now derelict. Pitched slate roof with clay ridge tiles, rooflight, and remains of iron rainwater goods on rendered squared rubble stone eaves. Random rubble stone walls with cast-iron tie plates, and traces of unpainted roughcast lime render over. Square-headed window openings to ground floor with cut-granite surrounds having chamfered reveals, and remains of one-over-one timber sash windows having wrought iron bars. Shallow camber-headed window opening to first floor with dressed stone sill, red brick block-and-start surround, and timber fitting. Camber-headed door openings (including one to left first floor) with red brick dressings including voussoirs, and timber boarded doors. Interior now derelict with cut-granite mill stones retaining some iron fittings.(vi) Remains of detached two-bay two-storey rubble stone building to east probably originally forming part of larger composition with single-bay two-storey side elevations having square-headed carriageway to ground floor side (east) elevation. Subsequently in use as Corn Mill and Saw Mill, 1902. Now disused. Pitched slate roof with terracotta ridge tiles, and remains of iron rainwater goods on rendered squared rubble stone eaves. Random rubble stone walls with remains of unpainted roughcast lime render over. Camber-headed window openings with dressed stone sills, red brick dressings, and remains of timber fittings. Square-headed carriageway to side (east) elevation with timber boarded sliding door. Square-headed door opening to first floor side (east) elevation with red brick dressings, and timber boarded door.(vii) Freestanding cast-iron waterpump, c.1900, comprising banded cylindrical shaft with moulded necking supporting cylindrical head having spout, curvilinear 'cow tail' handle, and domed capping on moulded course. Now disused.
- Bridge, 1915–1935 · Regional interest
Description
Single-span reinforced concrete road bridge over stream, c.1925, possibly incorporating fabric of earlier bridge, c.1825. Unpainted rendered walls with panelled piers flanking panelled parapet having concrete coping, and random rubble stone flanking walls. Single reinforced concrete lintel span. Sited spanning tributary of River Barrow with overgrown banks to stream.
- Gowran Castle, worker's house, 1843–1900 · Regional interest
Description
Detached three-bay single-storey worker's house, extant 1900, on an L-shaped plan centred on single-bay single-storey flat-roofed projecting porch abutting single-bay single-storey gabled projecting end bay. Now disused. Pitched slate roof on an L-shaped plan centred on flat roof (porch), "Fleur-de-Lys"-crested roll moulded clay ridge tiles, yellow brick Running bond off-central chimney stack on yellow brick Running bond base having overgrown capping supporting louvered terracotta or yellow terracotta tapered pots, trefoil-perforated timber bargeboards to gable on timber purlins, and no rainwater goods surviving on exposed timber rafters. Rendered coursed rubble limestone walls with concealed flush quoins to corners. Square-headed central door opening with concealed dressings framing remains of timber fitting having overlight. Square-headed window openings with cut-granite sills, and concealed red brick block-and-start surrounds framing one-over-one timber sash windows. Set in unkempt grounds shared with Gowran Castle.
- Gowran Castle, gate lodge, 1850–1860 · Regional interest
Description
Detached three-bay single-storey gate lodge with half-dormer attic, built 1856, on an L-shaped plan centred on single-bay single-storey flat-roofed projecting porch abutting single-bay full-height gabled projecting end bay; single-bay (west) or two-bay (east) full-height side elevations. Extended, ----, producing present composition. Hipped gabled and pitched slate roof on an L-shaped plan with roll moulded clay ridge tiles, paired octagonal chimney stacks on lichen-spotted chamfered base having stringcourses below capping supporting terracotta or yellow terracotta tapered pots, decorative timber bargeboards to gables on timber purlins, and replacement uPVC rainwater goods on exposed timber rafters. Part creeper- or ivy-covered tuck pointed coursed or snecked limestone walls on battered base with margined cut- or hammered limestone flush quoins to corners. Tudor-headed central door opening with step threshold, and margined cut-limestone block-and-start surround having chamfered reveals with hood moulding framing timber boarded door. Square-headed window openings in bipartite arrangement (ground floor) with cut-limestone cruciform mullions, and cut-limestone surrounds having chamfered reveals with hood mouldings framing timber casement windows. Square-headed window openings in tripartite arrangement (half-dormer attic) with cut-limestone cruciform mullions, and cut-limestone surrounds having chamfered reveals with hood mouldings framing timber casement windows. Set back from line of road at entrance to grounds of Gowran Castle. Additional photography by Don Allen
- Gowran Castle, gates/railings/walls, 1850–1860 · Regional interest
Description
Gateway, built 1856, on an asymmetrical plan comprising pair of lichen-spotted limestone ashlar piers on chamfered plinths having dentilated "Cyma Recta"- or "Cyma Reversa"-detailed stringcourses below capping supporting timber boarded double gates with lichen-spotted limestone ashlar pier (north) on chamfered plinth having dentilated "Cyma Recta"- or "Cyma Reversa"-detailed stringcourse below capping supporting timber boarded gate. Road fronted at entrance to grounds of Gowran Castle. Additional photography by Don Allen
Designated sites: National Parks and Wildlife Service. Recorded monuments: Sites and Monuments Record, National Monuments Service. Buildings: National Inventory of Architectural Heritage. Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, CC BY 4.0. Works at or in relation to a recorded monument need two months' written notice to the National Monuments Service (National Monuments (Amendment) Act 1994, section 12).
Ground and risks
Radon, landslides, flooding
- Radon
- At the centre of the townland of Gowran Demesne, about 1 in 10 homes in this area is likely to have high radon levels. Testing a home
- Landslides
- The 1:50,000 map rates the landslide susceptibility here as moderately low, low, partly inferred. Parts of the land are water.
- Terrain model
- No LiDAR survey of the Office of Public Works covers the centre of the townland of Gowran Demesne.
- Flooding
- The Office of Public Works publishes its flood maps on floodinfo.ie.
Radon Risk Map of Ireland, Environmental Protection Agency, and Landslide Susceptibility Classification, Geological Survey Ireland, both under CC BY 4.0. LiDAR: contains Irish Public Sector Data (Geological Survey Ireland & the Office of Public Works) licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence.
Homes sold
Property Price Register
No address of the register names Gowran Demesne with five sales or more. The sales of the area are on the page of Co. Kilkenny.
The townland
- Name
- Gowran Demesne · Baile Sheáin Mhóir
- Area
- 3,819,465 m² (381.95 ha, 943.81 acres)
- Civil parish
- Gowran, and its townlands
- Barony
- Gowran
- Electoral division
- Gowran, the unit of the census
- Census 2022
- 1,556 people lived in 535 households in the Gowran electoral division. 78% of households owned their home. 41% of homes were built since 2001. 6% of dwellings stood vacant on census night, and 1% were holiday homes.
- Neighbouring townlands
- Bodal, Clashmagrath, Gowran, Grange Lower, Grange Upper, Neigham, Redbog, Stangs, Watree
- Placenames
- Gowran Demesne on logainm.ie, the Placenames Database of Ireland
Townlands, civil parishes, baronies and electoral divisions, National Statutory Boundaries, Tailte Éireann, CC BY 4.0. Census 2022, Small Area Population Statistics by electoral division, Central Statistics Office, CC BY 4.0. A townland is the smallest land division of Ireland, and the unit of a rural address. Old registers such as the 1901 and 1911 censuses file it under its civil parish and barony.